tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-57737726220089941132024-03-05T03:27:08.956-05:00Audio2MusicMusic, Sound, Acoustics, Electronics and Physics for Car and Home Music Reproduction. From the fun stuff to the extremely technical; all for the love of music.albertoalopezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01993782226348320330noreply@blogger.comBlogger44125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5773772622008994113.post-65513595871856643232019-07-06T21:25:00.000-04:002019-07-06T21:25:06.008-04:00Cheap or Bad Wires<span style="font-size: large;">Yes, there are cables that are too expensive. </span>Yes, Monster is in the business of selling packaging and not audio quality. But no, there are very good wires that are made by people who really care to make the best, with the latest in art and technology and that sell for a lot of money but below the price of a house. Moreover, good cables are not for everyone. Some can't afford them. Some don't care for whatever difference there is. Some have systems with no hope. But what is a disservice is to tell people that no one should buy good cables (notice I did not say expensive cables, there is such a thing as a good value at a high price).<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPZ24OjyDau2ZFGIHsu87bHPP32HVBpyn-auasodW4u27jYbMhyUQtsCb3Bvsez_CC7GGekzGbwTfKgyRdc5gajJRu27QCkKwafyH-CjhUnTOXOYfAD0_vciXSvdVhpVzLgB4xGCtyxuXR/s1600/Model3ASig_PI.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPZ24OjyDau2ZFGIHsu87bHPP32HVBpyn-auasodW4u27jYbMhyUQtsCb3Bvsez_CC7GGekzGbwTfKgyRdc5gajJRu27QCkKwafyH-CjhUnTOXOYfAD0_vciXSvdVhpVzLgB4xGCtyxuXR/s320/Model3ASig_PI.png" width="245" /></a>As for the inwall cables suggested by many online YouTubers, they are absolute garbage. The grain, dryness and muddiness would drive me nuts in a second of listening. And that says nothing for the un-holographic (read flat) stage. Still, I know that these cheap CL2 inwall wires would be enough for many. Not me, though. I can pick even small differences immediately. I have done it double blind and in public. But I could be called an expert and most listeners are not. In either case, my hearing was just as good before I had my first speaker. And as a reference, women hear better than men too. Nonetheless, many will not appreciate the difference; specially using any mid-fi speaker with 12dB/Oct crossovers and no time alignment.<br />
If you really want to give a shot at listening to the differences in wires, find a dealer that sells fine and less expensive speakers like the Vandersteens and match them with as few electronics as possible (more electronics means more distortion). Then compare wires. Be ready to regurgitate after listening to the Monsters.<br />
If you really want to try an exceptional set of cables at a very low price, get 50 pair phone wire. This is a recipee that I learned from Chris and Melissa Owen and which I used in most of my competition cars over the years.<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUkKT71V0Uf7eASO2g9uUWP3ZazbALnCvpykwgl-IUahn0-Uof6lIc_0es2l_Z0UENPK3L5Z51AZVZr1mNgYawnSu84skSmeJUhH_-mdG8Rs0hk6DHc7nmXELUVtaisNDVB87hDJPPEw1B/s1600/50+pair.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="316" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUkKT71V0Uf7eASO2g9uUWP3ZazbALnCvpykwgl-IUahn0-Uof6lIc_0es2l_Z0UENPK3L5Z51AZVZr1mNgYawnSu84skSmeJUhH_-mdG8Rs0hk6DHc7nmXELUVtaisNDVB87hDJPPEw1B/s400/50+pair.jpg" width="400" /></a>At about $1.50 per foot, the ending wire (from tying all negatives together and all positives together for a single channel run) is somewhere larger than 7 gauge. That will be enough to carry as much current as any amplifier can put out. You will also get a litz wire (not stranded means no grain in the music). Also, the jacket around each conductor is so thin that it means much less dielectric loss without paying for expensive teflon. The wire will be a little on the capacitive side (parallel to the output) which is not safe for tubes or low impedance-output amps (cheap receivers). Thankfully, this will be balanced by almost no iductance (in series with the output). Displaying a single pole reactance (combination of such capacitance and inductance) will open up the stage when compared to normal wires with a steeper roll-off. I would also remove the outer jacket and keep the bundle together with a lose plastic tie ever 6 inches instead. This should improve stage definition for those with better equipment; again, without having to pay for teflon.<br />
The result is a very clean, smooth sound that takes care of the harshness found in most of the mid-fi world. The only problem is that the cables need to always be tested for continuity across the positive and negative after termination. With so many small pairs, it's easy to wire one pair backwards and that would short the amp's output and could blow it. But being careful is rewarded with fantastic sound that no cable will match below the $2,000 level. If you care to hear the difference, try these inexpensive wires. You will probably change your speakers next, as most are garbage. You will know what I mean after you experience the difference.<br />
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<br />albertoalopezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01993782226348320330noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5773772622008994113.post-59316501814307768262017-08-29T12:28:00.000-04:002017-08-29T12:36:21.032-04:00Culinary Hall of Fame and the Ultimate Time Capsule<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdtq91r3W_0RYJ8vW8EhA9l_th_VPnDCzV9gyjoAM7H-jxe91wQdoCMVHJWBsetORqsmG_sOeCxYu6lk60dGPVVWJLfGkCrLrG4qCcQp4ujiTxjW5uPdo6ONvhHvIHjhnqQH3Qf8meR12Q/s1600/Chef+Jess+Barbosa+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="composite picture of Culinary Hall of Fame Executive Chef Jess Barbosa at the Marriott Muehlebach Tower in Kansas City." border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdtq91r3W_0RYJ8vW8EhA9l_th_VPnDCzV9gyjoAM7H-jxe91wQdoCMVHJWBsetORqsmG_sOeCxYu6lk60dGPVVWJLfGkCrLrG4qCcQp4ujiTxjW5uPdo6ONvhHvIHjhnqQH3Qf8meR12Q/s320/Chef+Jess+Barbosa+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" title="On June 30th, 2017, the Kansas City Star reported on Chef Barbosa's recent induction into the American Academy of Chefs’ Culinary Hall of Fame. On July 11th, 2017, Mr. Barbosa, 84, achieved a lifelong dream. " width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Executive Chef Jess Barbosa <br />
enters Culinary Hall of Fame</td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: large;">'I wanted to be somebody', fondly remembered retired Kansas City executive chef Jess Barbosa </span>from his childhood years as a 'poor Mexican kid on Kansas City’s West Side'. He has indeed come a long way.<br />
<a href="http://www.kansascity.com/living/spirit/article159110034.html" target="_blank">On June 30th, 2017, the Kansas City Star reported</a> on Chef Barbosa's recent induction into the <a href="https://www.acfchefs.org/ACF/Partnerships/AAC/ACF/Partnerships/AAC/" target="_blank">American Academy of Chefs</a>’ Culinary Hall of Fame. On July 11th, 2017, Mr. Barbosa, 84, achieved a lifelong dream. His peers at the <a href="http://www.acfchefs.org/" target="_blank">American Culinary Federation</a> recognized his long body of work during an induction ceremony in Orlando, FL..<br />
To me, Chef Barbosa is both, a man of great integrity and stature and my friend's dad. Yes, Chef Barbosa is Chuck Barbosa's dad.<br />
Visiting Chuck's house during the 90s was great. I remember a home full of love where Chef Barbosa was the unbreakable foundation while Mrs. Barbosa was the sweetness that made all blend incredibly well. It goes without saying that Chuck and I were trouble. But no matter how far we pushed boundaries, Chuck's parents were always welcoming.<br />
So, as I serendipitously found the article about Chef Barbosa's well deserved recognition, I had to share the moment with the world. I am so proud of Chuck's dad.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjoexQSFG8RpXFRhEGhhQDGjt2CPd9OyomLqok7mo-yytCINQuWki55LCSJkr_ngcxQ2qSvRpmcDbWn5g8ICzmcT5uXlX-jX9lwr93JiA-GtN1EcSRZKwPib9CdzZ8SuWE6FuZxeNQGyM5x/s1600/Chuck+Barbosa%2527s+Plymouth+Laser++%25282%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="picture of autosound World Champion Chuck Burbosa next to his award winning Plymouth Laser" border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjoexQSFG8RpXFRhEGhhQDGjt2CPd9OyomLqok7mo-yytCINQuWki55LCSJkr_ngcxQ2qSvRpmcDbWn5g8ICzmcT5uXlX-jX9lwr93JiA-GtN1EcSRZKwPib9CdzZ8SuWE6FuZxeNQGyM5x/s320/Chuck+Barbosa%2527s+Plymouth+Laser++%25282%2529.jpg" title="World Champion Chuck is a guy with enormous internal strength and great moral compass. " width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Suave!</td></tr>
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But the apple doesn't fall far from the tree. World Champion Chuck is a guy with enormous internal strength and great moral compass. Yes, Chuck still has a long road ahead to reach much success as his dad has. I am nonetheless confident that his fundamentally sound strengths will take him in the right direction.<br />
For today, though, I just want to celebrate. I want to reach out to his dad and want to enjoy looking back at yet another article on Chuck's car. Why not double dip?<br />
By the way, did you hear that Chuck is selling his car? While the installation is probably different than the one in the following pictures, it is surely world class. After I left the US, Chuck went on to win anything there was to win during the late 90's. Then, hoping for a renaissance Chuck took his car to Gary Biggs. As bad luck would have it, the project never progressed due to a dozen different difficulties. So now, almost 20 years after a wonderful golden era, Chuck has reopened his time capsule and is making it available to anyone wanting to own a piece of history.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgllEBCAiaHB8LeGnHogg7IMnZapOA_K-Bv9zhI221pY9sUxAja11lt-X0FWrIchLR3_BOnFlJ49V5nbk41nMIDzRX9iUidRwqsvaePVehLPj2EXtYpFYvmSNpPDPeV3dSJb8hzdmbNbMQO/s1600/Chuck+Barbosa%2527s+Plymouth+Laser++%25283%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Picture of Chuck Barbosa's award winning red Plymouth Laser" border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgllEBCAiaHB8LeGnHogg7IMnZapOA_K-Bv9zhI221pY9sUxAja11lt-X0FWrIchLR3_BOnFlJ49V5nbk41nMIDzRX9iUidRwqsvaePVehLPj2EXtYpFYvmSNpPDPeV3dSJb8hzdmbNbMQO/s320/Chuck+Barbosa%2527s+Plymouth+Laser++%25283%2529.jpg" title="Chuck Barbosa and his Plymouth Laser have learned from mistakes. Nowadays few mistakes are made." width="320" /></a></td></tr>
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Chuck Barbosa and his Plymouth Laser </div>
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Nowadays few mistakes are made.</div>
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If you are interested on buying his car, write a comment to this article. Include your contact information. I will then communicate with you with a way to reach Chuck. Your comment will not be made public. Your personal information will only be shared with Chuck.<br />
And now, the article from a once-in-a-lifetime magazine issue. Enjoy!<br />
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<b><span style="color: #674ea7; font-size: large;">Mutual Competitor</span></b></div>
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<i><b><span style="color: #674ea7;">Mobile Sound Competition '96 Annual </span></b></i></div>
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<i><b><span style="color: #674ea7;">Staff Writer</span></b></i></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlAk5I_j75zGcvQWj2s3xhkfw_yme1H9-3n2_9lc29FQibGWnXCHh5ntUAV4xgCwd3yYkoKPo3Amc8l-wzW8jV9suucvByiWF3hq8BJ6gRXyg7oXLNLuFsw2jt5BZlJjYwbRQJsDhFU8_k/s1600/Chuck+Barbosa%2527s+Plymouth+Laser++%25284%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="color: #674ea7;"><img alt="Picture of Chuck Barbosa's award winning red Plymouth Laser's engine compartment" border="0" height="164" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlAk5I_j75zGcvQWj2s3xhkfw_yme1H9-3n2_9lc29FQibGWnXCHh5ntUAV4xgCwd3yYkoKPo3Amc8l-wzW8jV9suucvByiWF3hq8BJ6gRXyg7oXLNLuFsw2jt5BZlJjYwbRQJsDhFU8_k/s320/Chuck+Barbosa%2527s+Plymouth+Laser++%25284%2529.jpg" title="a totally detailed engine compartment makes this look like a trailered car, when in fact it is driven daily." width="320" /></span></a></td></tr>
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<span style="color: #674ea7;">A totally detailed engine compartment </span></div>
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<span style="color: #674ea7;">makes this look like a
trailered car, </span></div>
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<span style="color: #674ea7;">when in fact it is driven daily.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #674ea7;">Mutual funds representative Chuck Barbosa has made many attempts at a successful competition season. Since he first got going in 1991, several different people, shops and installations have gone into creating what is now a very viable Plymouth Laser IASCA and USAC competitor.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiDbC0PDVwCbJ0QuLR56uKfKnqAEskf_wyYjaT1tbdEYgFbsKpvTj-SkcUj4LP-FXBSEAQfPCNl9ZHZhXEgrPYuu-sgEJl2eQj8SVXf6umq60OSBu2N-oaB3LXbfMZw9sHYRGVtGBxKz6p/s1600/Chuck+Barbosa%2527s+Plymouth+Laser++%25286%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="color: #674ea7;"><img alt="Picture of Chuck Barbosa's award winning red Plymouth Laser's interior" border="0" height="193" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiDbC0PDVwCbJ0QuLR56uKfKnqAEskf_wyYjaT1tbdEYgFbsKpvTj-SkcUj4LP-FXBSEAQfPCNl9ZHZhXEgrPYuu-sgEJl2eQj8SVXf6umq60OSBu2N-oaB3LXbfMZw9sHYRGVtGBxKz6p/s320/Chuck+Barbosa%2527s+Plymouth+Laser++%25286%2529.jpg" title="a Pioneer ODR system operates the rig from the cockpit without Chuck's having to take his eyes off the road." width="320" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #674ea7;">A Pioneer ODR system operates the rig <br />from the
cockpit without Chuck's having to <br />take his eyes off the road.</span></td></tr>
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<span style="color: #674ea7;">Chuck took advice from judging duo Chris and Melissa Owen, who suggested moving away from door-and-dash mounted speakers and trying kick panels. The suggestion was strange sounding to Chuck at the time and just as foreign to his installers. However, after listening to pro-competitor Alberto Lopez's sweet-sounding Sentra with its kick panel locations, Chuck went for it. This was his first step in a series of metamorphic stages before the real fun started.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiszK2TIPUV43-7SnVOLN_f_cy0UIQrZPo3hSENtaURyLIaz1xDH_Jd3pHVBX1k3v6OFDEO9jFMKBZg3DKoiOKjt3zePe2K_VLmHhTKIPE9tiM1tPqHIZhsJutje0FdC5YsJfSMvWf3ycnQ/s1600/Chuck+Barbosa%2527s+Plymouth+Laser++%25285%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="color: #674ea7;"><img alt="Picture of Chuck Barbosa's award winning red Plymouth Laser's trunck" border="0" height="179" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiszK2TIPUV43-7SnVOLN_f_cy0UIQrZPo3hSENtaURyLIaz1xDH_Jd3pHVBX1k3v6OFDEO9jFMKBZg3DKoiOKjt3zePe2K_VLmHhTKIPE9tiM1tPqHIZhsJutje0FdC5YsJfSMvWf3ycnQ/s320/Chuck+Barbosa%2527s+Plymouth+Laser++%25285%2529.jpg" title="a very well put together rear hatch looks invisible with the pieces in place. As pictured, it has "world-class" written all over it." width="320" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #674ea7;">A very well put together rear hatch <br />looks invisible with the pieces in place. <br />As pictured, it has "world-class" written all over it.</span></td></tr>
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<span style="color: #674ea7;">With the new-found help of Pepe and Alberto Lopez of Stereo West, Chuck found himself moving from a top-five competitor to a best-off-show regular. Most recently, he won the best-off-show at the 1994 IASCA triple point MidWest Show-down held by Audiosmith. At the same event, he also scored best Sound Q and best Sound Q Plus -a category in which Chuck suffered most in previous installs. It is the kind of winning success that enabled Chuck to earn over 70 points for the '95 season. Chuck likes to point out that he not only found a great installer, but a great friend, too. Alberto Lopez, as has been both for him throughout competition -even when the chips were down.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggmKSfNCkZE7e47eT82Q0BmyshQsZ7FHrtjhtKTIyyAUGaWOW__ccFlno40OgE-xyqLqWDDooy68YnrjDBf5kHmb_m84_85wxmXQ82qbIkxxfHJtlBRU8NYrCYonBKafmmpwDWTtOrtbm9/s1600/Mobile+Sound+Competition%2527s+Annual+%252796+Winners+edition.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="color: #674ea7;"><img alt="image of Mobile Sound Competition's Annual '96 Winners Edition cover page" border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggmKSfNCkZE7e47eT82Q0BmyshQsZ7FHrtjhtKTIyyAUGaWOW__ccFlno40OgE-xyqLqWDDooy68YnrjDBf5kHmb_m84_85wxmXQ82qbIkxxfHJtlBRU8NYrCYonBKafmmpwDWTtOrtbm9/s200/Mobile+Sound+Competition%2527s+Annual+%252796+Winners+edition.jpg" title="Mobile Sound Competition's Annual '96 Winners Edition cover page" width="147" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #674ea7;">Mobile Sound Competition's <br />Annual '96 Winners Edition <br />cover page</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTmmI5dqHUd76b-RjSqvD1RXWDJKMmz9cF1NDvzFfnegUUlwOBcYykaLCuz6UogLsg9qrf3oDlVq4o8bk50k5WYrixIsYXePwCv54xrVuyUsoa9xuv39lBRNPKiovifpUVc0VQ9G1e8-P9/s1600/Mobile+Sound+Competition%2527s+Annual+%252796+Winners+edition+page+96.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="color: #674ea7;"><img alt="image of Mobile Sound Competition's Annual '96 Winners Edition page 96" border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTmmI5dqHUd76b-RjSqvD1RXWDJKMmz9cF1NDvzFfnegUUlwOBcYykaLCuz6UogLsg9qrf3oDlVq4o8bk50k5WYrixIsYXePwCv54xrVuyUsoa9xuv39lBRNPKiovifpUVc0VQ9G1e8-P9/s200/Mobile+Sound+Competition%2527s+Annual+%252796+Winners+edition+page+96.jpg" title="Chuck Barbosa's article in MobileSound Competition's Annual '96 Winners Edition page 96" width="144" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #674ea7;">Mobile Sound Competition's <br />Annual '96 Winners Edition <br />page 96</span></td></tr>
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<span style="color: #674ea7; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgB4uEMJfCMZ5JQqVOJpSey5VDbs830twiwycXz6Nv85oOwpkiBONdYAn__0zlascvUt0ozKEHafRg2mGzEc08FLi6bpmVHWpED1DUh_oagpFhK61fjwleLop_-lMoR1iUh0TNdDsyJWdbx/s1600/Chuck+Barbosa%2527s+Plymouth+Laser++Product+Profile.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgB4uEMJfCMZ5JQqVOJpSey5VDbs830twiwycXz6Nv85oOwpkiBONdYAn__0zlascvUt0ozKEHafRg2mGzEc08FLi6bpmVHWpED1DUh_oagpFhK61fjwleLop_-lMoR1iUh0TNdDsyJWdbx/s320/Chuck+Barbosa%2527s+Plymouth+Laser++Product+Profile.jpg" width="226" /></a></span></div>
albertoalopezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01993782226348320330noreply@blogger.com1Kansas City, KS, USA39.114053 -94.627463638.9169565 -94.9501871 39.3111495 -94.3047401tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5773772622008994113.post-17316257028056488812017-08-14T13:51:00.001-04:002017-08-15T12:37:31.496-04:00Great Britain; a Special Place<div style="text-align: right;">
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<span style="font-size: large;">Great Britain has as very special place in my heart. </span>It was by chance that I went to work there and it was wonderful to see the Brits open their arms to me.<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgoFCTu4oXyQMikotEXZSivmexjvcY-LKY06RhUs33MXY066Qf9qCFM1rlIv4rcRRXch7iDIjT_qz8BDBJ14z1Ru1NK598y6bD45qL97Wz9668K8yOMohDFRH0Zeg9sZNiSoo5Uyye0pIJt/s1600/Van.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="204" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgoFCTu4oXyQMikotEXZSivmexjvcY-LKY06RhUs33MXY066Qf9qCFM1rlIv4rcRRXch7iDIjT_qz8BDBJ14z1Ru1NK598y6bD45qL97Wz9668K8yOMohDFRH0Zeg9sZNiSoo5Uyye0pIJt/s320/Van.jpg" width="320" /></a>I really didn't know anything about England, so the arrangement was simple. I would get an airplane ticket there and back, a place where to stay for a month, food and transportation but no pay. In exchange, I would show my ability to bring value to Car Audio Products while making sure that the prearranged salary would be enough to live there comfortably. If I liked it and they liked me, I would stay. It was a low risk arrangement between my potential employer and I.<br />
Outside of knowing they would speak English, I had no other expectations about the United Kingdom. But oh, what a wonderful place I found and how magnificent their people.<br />
I got a chance to see how uniquely individual and innovative the Brits are. The fact that they live on an island separated from the rest of Europe suits them quite well. They are European, but not quite so. They operate one of the most sophisticated economies in the world but in a unique way. While most of the world designs cars where your left hand hangs out the driver's window, the Brits do so for the right hand; perhaps because that's where a proper knight would carry its fighting lance. While historically great countries like France folded as soon as German tanks rolled over the border, Great Britain stood its ground after the largest and most insane bombardment any country has ever experienced.<br />
Yes, Britons are quite special. Their confidence and a strong sense of identity means that they are hardly bullied. So when loud Americans show up to their shores to treat them as inferior, things are sure to go amiss. As soon as I landed in London, I began to hear about all the other Americans who preceded me. I heard about the many who pretentiously went there to educate the residents. I also heard about the reality check these poor souls went through. The Brits happen to be extremely creative master-craftsmen who can take on any installer anywhere. Never confuse their politeness as a sign of weakness.<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrSHBY5Z67ge0K1izT79FU87UyqVxK1wopV5XKSqX0ZEG2rlnn3o3tCTUXUOaXrkia1xCg3UhViaMJI8rjcIQwQnpmk7jR3af5EessZLvhCOLuaONC4zk9-jL-Shu0E7OXdOKhxCHvlRaX/s1600/Floor.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="175" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrSHBY5Z67ge0K1izT79FU87UyqVxK1wopV5XKSqX0ZEG2rlnn3o3tCTUXUOaXrkia1xCg3UhViaMJI8rjcIQwQnpmk7jR3af5EessZLvhCOLuaONC4zk9-jL-Shu0E7OXdOKhxCHvlRaX/s400/Floor.jpg" width="400" /></a>Thankfully I'm everything but pretentious. The many who know me can attest to that. Yes, I play hard, but I always let the results speak for themselves. If I lose, I learn my lesson. If I win, I share the pleasure with others. So, when the industry people realized that I was not a typically boastful American, they warmly opened their hearts. They adopted me. In fact, my ability to perpetually wear shorts during even the coldest days made me an honorary Scott; you know, those guys that wear the skirt-looking kilts with no underwear while in battle as a way to intimidate opponents.<br />
To this day, the strong ties I built remain robust. Paul Richardson, the guy I built the van with, calls me every time he comes down to Florida to take his kid to Disney parks. So we spend time together quite often. Besides having an incredible family, Paul is a great guy.<br />
When we built the van together, I knew people would start picking apart what I did from what he did. The van was so revolutionary that it was natural for people in England to doubt that one of their own was responsible for it. But the truth is that I learned as much from Paul as he did from me. Yes, he did more of some things, while I did more of others. But we told people who asked that Paul did the left side of the van while I did the right side. "Draw a line down the middle of the van" we told anyone who asked. We simply refused to let anyone separate our work. As far as we were concerned, we worked equally hard throughout the whole process of creating this masterpiece.<br />
The fact that I gave Paul so much respect for his hard work made everyone in the industry see that I was not the typical American. I was the brother of an Englishman. And that is how I want to remember it all. The United Kingdom is my home for me to visit my family whenever I am in the area. I'm endlessly thankful to the Brit nation.<br />
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By the way, fell free to read the previous articles about this van:<br />
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<ul>
<li><a href="https://audio2music.blogspot.com/2014/01/best-sound-in-vehicle.html" target="_blank">Best Sound in a Vehicle</a></li>
<li><a href="https://audio2music.blogspot.com/2014/02/best-sound-in-vehicle-head-unit.html" target="_blank">Best Sound in a Vehicle - Part I - The Head Unit</a></li>
<li><a href="https://audio2music.blogspot.com/2014/01/out-of-box-tweeter-enclosure.html" target="_blank">Out-of-the-Box Tweeter Enclosure</a></li>
<li><a href="https://audio2music.blogspot.com/2015/01/car-stereo-security-no-51-get-some.html" target="_blank">Car Stereo & Security No. 51 - Get Some Earth Shaking Bass Poster</a></li>
<li><a href="https://audio2music.blogspot.com/2015/04/car-stereo-security-no-52-son-of.html" target="_blank">Car Stereo & Security No. 52 - Son of Seismic II</a></li>
</ul>
Following is yet another article about the van. This time, though, it is the super successful Max Power Magazine doing the honors. Enjoy!<br />
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<b><span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-size: large;">Max Power Magazine December 1997</span></b><br />
<b><span style="color: #b4a7d6;">ICE CARS</span></b><br />
<b><span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-size: large;">Demolition Van</span></b><br />
<i><span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Words: Proby</span></i><br />
<i><span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Photos: Fly</span></i><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiobD1bej07HzOJkIVqWOcb0vTcv8HgmL6bEp4GfsSVdeTvYAji89MdbYqUw9prcZE8jEQqS0YvZs99R-jifOz4PKJnxVW1VX4_9JrDwKdJoJEoNJh9QsjEfOfwq4SMc0F60gqwoD-rLiY3/s1600/Woofers.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="color: #b4a7d6;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiobD1bej07HzOJkIVqWOcb0vTcv8HgmL6bEp4GfsSVdeTvYAji89MdbYqUw9prcZE8jEQqS0YvZs99R-jifOz4PKJnxVW1VX4_9JrDwKdJoJEoNJh9QsjEfOfwq4SMc0F60gqwoD-rLiY3/s320/Woofers.jpg" width="241" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">This van is so loud it can turn a beautiful </span></div>
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">stone house into
a pile of unsightly rubble</span></div>
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Take one ICE install into the sound off? Not anymore, why don't you take three and demolished the opposition?</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">This van is it. It's the end. After featuring this we may as well not featured another Pro ICE install ever again. This is the ultimate in ICE and I doubt anyone will have the time or cash to do it all again. I read the spec sheet and it all became clear...</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">'At the outset, we wanted to create the ultimate van. A huge budget was fixed in a time limit set. As the project moved on, we blew the budget and forgot about time.'</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">This van is everything you could ever want from ICE on wheels. It's a boomin' SPL contender, but it's got a slappin' sound quality (SQ) install and it's got a system to make your mouth water when you're cruisin'. Three systems in one van? You might think I'm taking a piss, but oh no.</span><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhk0iOQ-4yLGAr9WGuJ2ZzNYoWaSHKxJoX8wVHP4u8M5LHYtpiZEuWkVggQT0l1_n0YOowQ8h-8ey3KHfb8r-B3Qiie9Syh5B1dxEXMvrDIt9D6AuCRbE29MnshcFXJFTv9aLWXCxya4h-R/s1600/Floor+Speakers.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: #b4a7d6;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhk0iOQ-4yLGAr9WGuJ2ZzNYoWaSHKxJoX8wVHP4u8M5LHYtpiZEuWkVggQT0l1_n0YOowQ8h-8ey3KHfb8r-B3Qiie9Syh5B1dxEXMvrDIt9D6AuCRbE29MnshcFXJFTv9aLWXCxya4h-R/s320/Floor+Speakers.jpg" width="223" /></span></a><span style="color: #b4a7d6;">The two stars of the show are installed tricksters Alberto and Paul. They put it all together —first using the might of hammers, welding torches and angle grinders and then with the finesse of magnifying glasses, watchmakers tools in the steadiest hands in the bizz.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">This van has the ability to demolish your bowels with its deepest SPL spank and yet delight you with the clear tones of SQ.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;"></span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsNyPxBCfQFg-kDVhXszple8GlSX1QhZgfM7OjEnv-mMMrRH1FNUbEmdIGzreZk8OCBMWEPX4IyAFpcpVYZIt8NVYquxXBi5lkdzdjfWU3AyG6IbEODadrkrwSyv_EeQZaTXLcnYNCQ_ly/s1600/Battery+Rack.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><span style="color: #b4a7d6;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsNyPxBCfQFg-kDVhXszple8GlSX1QhZgfM7OjEnv-mMMrRH1FNUbEmdIGzreZk8OCBMWEPX4IyAFpcpVYZIt8NVYquxXBi5lkdzdjfWU3AyG6IbEODadrkrwSyv_EeQZaTXLcnYNCQ_ly/s320/Battery+Rack.jpg" width="162" /></span></a><span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Let's start with the sound quality install. The system is mounted into the Yank tank's floor and has a total of six speakers —a pair of tweeters, a pair of 5in mids in a pair of centrally mounted 8in bass speakers. These are all Eton components, but some have been modified —like the tweeters, which had been stripped and had the internals drilled to smooth out the airflow and then stuck back together for the ultimate sound. At the extreme, but then you have to listen to the damn thing to realize how well it works. I sat and listened to <i>Yellow</i>—<i>The Race</i> and he felt like I was there, in the studio, listening to the guys recording the whole thing.</span><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAClPCizlxCMAEoyzAD05l8JeYqbCPIzkcnxT3hJ639OuK7A074qdDY_ncEWAe5k4g_2-hn0VcZfAKvcjb_qXZrSXwxA5XC2G1VJJxolkbBMgDSCrYgWSePw4P0auOS7BgVAZrLFTxRa3q/s1600/Amp+Rack.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: #b4a7d6;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAClPCizlxCMAEoyzAD05l8JeYqbCPIzkcnxT3hJ639OuK7A074qdDY_ncEWAe5k4g_2-hn0VcZfAKvcjb_qXZrSXwxA5XC2G1VJJxolkbBMgDSCrYgWSePw4P0auOS7BgVAZrLFTxRa3q/s320/Amp+Rack.jpg" width="139" /></span></a><span style="color: #b4a7d6;">There's so many mods to this van, we could spend a whole issue just talking about it. Tricks like using multiple wires to pump sound to the speakers actually work and reduce noise. The cooling system for the rear amp racks blow more like our air conditioning at the height of summer.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">The perspex speaker mounts for the SQ system are unbelievable and are completely perfect and blemish free. I've seen install guys have more trouble with vinyl and these guys had with this inch thick perspex.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;"></span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgemxKzzmru2LX6kGuU1pbSAyik106ubpUYvpG4oh8dk3I-zhXf-eUWj5dZmUXqZdEandoJ55Iv0YnsEZNs8jyKXhwhkzGM_1aQ8btSPi61KA4O_yEZ5s6rpMs_of8HGbnNuLzz2rAgxj7i/s1600/EQ%2527s.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><span style="color: #b4a7d6;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgemxKzzmru2LX6kGuU1pbSAyik106ubpUYvpG4oh8dk3I-zhXf-eUWj5dZmUXqZdEandoJ55Iv0YnsEZNs8jyKXhwhkzGM_1aQ8btSPi61KA4O_yEZ5s6rpMs_of8HGbnNuLzz2rAgxj7i/s320/EQ%2527s.jpg" width="221" /></span></a><span style="color: #b4a7d6;">And what about that power supply? Running four 1200W amps for SPL is going to draw more current than a bumper episode of Coronation Street. You won't be surprised to learn that he took 7 hefty blokes to lift the battery rack into position. Even then, it was only lifted about three inches at a time, using bricks to hold it up. Jeeze. Sadly, we can talk about all the details, so you'll have to trust me to pick out the best parts. Hey, trust me!</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">You could be easily excuse for losing the head unit. That's 'cos there isn't one, not in one piece anyway. That Fujitsu Ten unit was stripped, slaughtered a mounted all over the van's cabin. Sure, the display is behind the perspex panel in the dash, but the CD player itself (just the mechanism and the gubbins) is practically in the floor. Tiny cables have been attached to the controls and, via a set of relays, control the unit through the armrest-mounted panel. This itself has been screen-printed with a host of it easy-read symbols. It's all designed for ease of use, but changing a CD on the move could end in tears as you have to bent double.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;"></span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjASw1mgvEtjMASAPOuujhzhsR1PDUCgwOvq_FfrqCXlFFaJZS1BJjGfpOOu-2F8cODyeYZLnOuffuBhnoCZBONzMZ1J9JUmp_RMCCyvj3JSXxZ1AzPTriv2Cd1oY-okxPXd8_PmAI_f-Hz/s1600/Manifolds.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: #b4a7d6;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjASw1mgvEtjMASAPOuujhzhsR1PDUCgwOvq_FfrqCXlFFaJZS1BJjGfpOOu-2F8cODyeYZLnOuffuBhnoCZBONzMZ1J9JUmp_RMCCyvj3JSXxZ1AzPTriv2Cd1oY-okxPXd8_PmAI_f-Hz/s320/Manifolds.jpg" width="277" /></span></a><span style="color: #b4a7d6;">The SPL content of this van is extreme. Pact between the front seats and the rear battery rack are 16 of Earthquake's LS-15 subs. These are mounted in a twin-diamond arrangement and are activated by a the massive bank of dash-mounted switches, while four 1200W Lanzar amps pump up the volume to a head-splitting level.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">To activate SPL mode you have to set the van up. Strap on the screen bars, lock down the doors, plug-in the external head unit and equalizer and it's time to step back. Boom? Damn right it does. It booms enough to make the alarms on cash machines go berserk, and that normally takes an attack from JCB. When the police turn up a couple and start asking questions, the demolition van switches from SPL to SQ and stealthily slides away. A class act.</span><br />
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<b style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: #b4a7d6;"><br /></span></b>
<b style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Ice Spec</span></b><br />
<b><span style="color: #b4a7d6;">In-Car Entertainment's ICE Van</span></b><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZdgcXm10ck8NlKesjnsJTb_j3aLPLTSHovYSY-QhELEnUjnmz0UUA-qQPcary3TD6HhbroaSkaKBSUEz2gr9cmzyrK1nJ9LiCcTdgQmMMf2nXYKEZEE8SOGEwTJ18VjFuVPkypV9oXgMK/s1600/Ice+Map.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="color: #b4a7d6;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZdgcXm10ck8NlKesjnsJTb_j3aLPLTSHovYSY-QhELEnUjnmz0UUA-qQPcary3TD6HhbroaSkaKBSUEz2gr9cmzyrK1nJ9LiCcTdgQmMMf2nXYKEZEE8SOGEwTJ18VjFuVPkypV9oXgMK/s640/Ice+Map.jpg" width="384" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #b4a7d6;">System Diagram</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;"><b>SOUND SOURCE</b>: SQ and Cruisin' systems —Fujitsu Ten CD/tuner stripped and dispersed around the dash with external switching; SPL system—external Alpine 7909 (yes, a real old 7909) CD/tuner with Hifonics Callisto EQ, all mounted in a drum stool (Eh? —JS)</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;"><b>AMPLIFICATION</b>: SQ and Cruisin' systems —2x modify the Earthquake class 'A' 2x30W amps; SPL system—4x Lanzar OPTi-50c.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;"><b>PROCESSORS</b>: Some</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;"><b>SPEAKERS</b>: SQ system —2x modify Eton tweeters, 2x Eton 5in mids,2x Eton 8in subs; Cruisin' system —15x Lanzar tweeters, 8x Earthquake 5in mids; SPL system —16x Earthquake LS-15 subs</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;"><b>CABLES</b>: Stinger cables throughout the system</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;"><b>POWER SUPPLY</b>: Switchable twin alternator system to feed the front and rear battery racks as necessary</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;"><br /></span>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjz770Ga5gmSEVzsQ9TqHIJhUt_Zxs4BOdVk1OKg_YIfU-z85Dls4hCV7eHZmDYIFpmFxv7B6cEc4iKZe02HRTP-sYufR-7wafYX4yG19X4hy-IMi5RuuqWy3_dul_yB3a7i8_BRn-v2UlA/s1600/Switches.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: #b4a7d6;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjz770Ga5gmSEVzsQ9TqHIJhUt_Zxs4BOdVk1OKg_YIfU-z85Dls4hCV7eHZmDYIFpmFxv7B6cEc4iKZe02HRTP-sYufR-7wafYX4yG19X4hy-IMi5RuuqWy3_dul_yB3a7i8_BRn-v2UlA/s320/Switches.jpg" width="208" /></span></a><span style="color: #b4a7d6;"><b>CAP</b>: lots</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;"><b>INSTALLED BY</b>: Tricksters Paul and Alberto</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;"><b>NICE IN STILL BITS</b>: The microwave switching sensors, the Kenlowe fan for the ventilation system, the Chevy engine, the perspex, the tits on the side of the van... Basically, the whole damn thing is bad as bad can be</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;"><b>PERFORMANCE</b>: Well what do you think, huh?</span><br />
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6;"><b>THANKS AND FREE PLUG</b>: Paul and Alberto for a magnificent install; Mark at In-Car Entertainment on 0181 743 5533</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXaBxzs3d0ktBDYrGNoQuA8AyL7OwgfaTIdRkbGyBehFy8AxXND6mRSgsSn16aRcf0Wt59YdzwXkECRrBWDdiOb62tLeKE0omuPT666FH0YY0BcsFh92IyurNgxvcPbrDG4zf9cqYIApU5/s1600/Max+Power+Magazine+Cover+December+1997.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXaBxzs3d0ktBDYrGNoQuA8AyL7OwgfaTIdRkbGyBehFy8AxXND6mRSgsSn16aRcf0Wt59YdzwXkECRrBWDdiOb62tLeKE0omuPT666FH0YY0BcsFh92IyurNgxvcPbrDG4zf9cqYIApU5/s320/Max+Power+Magazine+Cover+December+1997.jpg" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Max Power Magazine Cover <br />
December 1997</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg787K9QsYqgFhPb1rhed4RcioS4ObQChEVHAFehOCR7w1cqGOQFTuhyphenhyphen6FnDtlF-3LY7EXYRsotfe8OXtHscC_hf9ZtUybjwK-2utsEr9ji7oRON7oeLcDpooA90RgX1x8iKXGEkqL8n4SM/s1600/Max+Power+Magazine+Pages+54+%2526+55+December+1997.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="220" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg787K9QsYqgFhPb1rhed4RcioS4ObQChEVHAFehOCR7w1cqGOQFTuhyphenhyphen6FnDtlF-3LY7EXYRsotfe8OXtHscC_hf9ZtUybjwK-2utsEr9ji7oRON7oeLcDpooA90RgX1x8iKXGEkqL8n4SM/s320/Max+Power+Magazine+Pages+54+%2526+55+December+1997.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Max Power Magazine Pages 54 & 55 <br />
December 1997</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzXxSrM8YjJl3uhiglnFjBEwmtzQEolVf3nwaJM4ALM-NaLeaW30ctmu25oDif0wXl7sPyNziJPNWCF8i8cMg6grDL7e_zPMGivBqgKH5fVQTh9nUX_gCb_8TmMj7lnckAJTgoEXfojCQ8/s1600/Max+Power+Magazine+Pages+56+December+1997.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzXxSrM8YjJl3uhiglnFjBEwmtzQEolVf3nwaJM4ALM-NaLeaW30ctmu25oDif0wXl7sPyNziJPNWCF8i8cMg6grDL7e_zPMGivBqgKH5fVQTh9nUX_gCb_8TmMj7lnckAJTgoEXfojCQ8/s200/Max+Power+Magazine+Pages+56+December+1997.jpg" width="145" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Max Power Magazine Pages 56<br />
December 1997</td></tr>
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<br />albertoalopezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01993782226348320330noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5773772622008994113.post-56559763449518218752017-08-14T13:51:00.000-04:002017-08-29T10:01:25.814-04:00US Patent 6746279 - Power Distribution System<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8KL4kIep0z90AH7olQngrgTU1EqBoOeAhFbXGXA0hQLLUSLTMxAr8Gw5D8KnZE4g8gwMGE7G_bwm5YEgXU45o0mtCE-IWe1Sqxe17cpAJAtT7YCxAAbEyRumtZphtwkiN0tGJ5Hq_y62M/s1600/Dsc01280.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="216" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8KL4kIep0z90AH7olQngrgTU1EqBoOeAhFbXGXA0hQLLUSLTMxAr8Gw5D8KnZE4g8gwMGE7G_bwm5YEgXU45o0mtCE-IWe1Sqxe17cpAJAtT7YCxAAbEyRumtZphtwkiN0tGJ5Hq_y62M/s320/Dsc01280.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The most expensive Amp Kit ever!</td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: large;">"Ain't nothin' like the first time," </span>said <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=byNPUEZq9pc">Lady Antebellum</a>, the American country music group, in their 2013 release. In their sweet tune, the group could easily be describing the feeling of receiving my first patent. It was melodic, memorable and all around fantastic. <br />
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But this patent is special for more than just being the first one. It also unleashed a revolutionary and systemic approach to power distribution in the automotive environment. This was a patent that could have just as easily been filed as two dozen separate patents. The invention was quite holistic in nature. And like Einstein's most famous formula, E=mc2, the patented ideas were elegant and simple.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: black;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMSQwHwexK859zLS49qvMkwdSObn1PvU8V-L_miYaNOsXI_S4B-UXQgKsn7iFwcQxZriz7E9FigkfSw2-f-0GZJ8Ytb3gu3SNu4j04YfoMaQl0g81GHCygEQWORcpn7S-268Xxr_AEPUJP/s1600/MVC-029S.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRZMT8FZhLcEuwQgEWWBphLW5DYjXS2bsz8XQoOIgV0FeVkNrV_OWaNPnyrqATG_H4Fa2MwFnBp9XcoJHLJFlH2TBad1YyXimvlkqSMaLjCZDJgFdzLBSdrbNsUH-SoRUg3ulUE_mAnzRl/s1600/MVC-029Sb.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="172" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRZMT8FZhLcEuwQgEWWBphLW5DYjXS2bsz8XQoOIgV0FeVkNrV_OWaNPnyrqATG_H4Fa2MwFnBp9XcoJHLJFlH2TBad1YyXimvlkqSMaLjCZDJgFdzLBSdrbNsUH-SoRUg3ulUE_mAnzRl/s200/MVC-029Sb.jpg" width="200" /></a></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A younger me;<br />
just as I begun to lose hair</td></tr>
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Then there is the fact that some of those around me laughed when I first introduced the new concepts to them. John Marsh, for example, went as far as saying that using multiple fuses was stupid and wouldn't work. Thankfully, I am a contrarian in nature and am quite comfortable ignoring the herd's loud complains. To me, they can moo as long as they want. I will continue following my trust in fundamental physics, whether they understand them or not. Yes, there is nothing as liberating from tragically becoming an average dude as the guiding light of science. Uber-marketing-guru, Seth Godin, coined the concept of a Purple Cow. The idea is to always be remarkable. Let me explain. If you are driving down the highway with your family and your kid points at a black and white spotted cow, no one will care. On the other hand, the moment that your kid says "look, a purple cow", every one will turn their heads right away. A purple cow is thus remarkable. Well, that's what this invention became: remarkable. It is a shame that it now lives in the past. Thankfully, I kept a complete, unsold kit, as pictured above. I also kept new samples of the four and eight position power fuse blocks in their retail packaging. Maybe there will be a car audio museum in the future where these samples can be displayed for all to learn about the golden era of car audio. <br /><br />As you can tell, there's much more to be said about the ideas and innovations covered by the patent. So, I will write more on the subject at a later article. For now, let's geek out and see the technical data that forms the official patent.<br />
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b>Power distribution system </b></span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b>US 6746279 B1</b></span><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNAwjt-gmtys4EwB5Y_yoFO8w1vUoC9Ux2mOohtcRJREyGiyvAbTYiY3eS0-NmK7So-Yp1-VKJAuRlAw8tkDf4wBYQ6aNR2yVLlhyphenhyphendYAf31YfJV8GaIltHfJf36UhpmN18mZR1ripoYoh-/s1600/US06746279-20040608-D00000.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img alt="US Patent 6746279 - Power Distribution System" border="0" height="241" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNAwjt-gmtys4EwB5Y_yoFO8w1vUoC9Ux2mOohtcRJREyGiyvAbTYiY3eS0-NmK7So-Yp1-VKJAuRlAw8tkDf4wBYQ6aNR2yVLlhyphenhyphendYAf31YfJV8GaIltHfJf36UhpmN18mZR1ripoYoh-/s320/US06746279-20040608-D00000.png" title="US Patent 6746279 - Power Distribution System" width="320" /></a><span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">ABSTRACT</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">An exemplary system includes a power distribution block and a set of connectors that are configured to be removably coupled to the power distribution block. The exemplary system is useful for distributing power (pneumatic, hydraulic, electrical, etc.). The set of connectors includes connectors of at least two types. The block includes two or more conduction paths that each have two opposite ends. The block and connectors are configured such that one or more connectors of any type in the set can be removably coupled to at least one of the conduction paths, at either end of the paths. Each end of each conduction path connects (both electrically and mechanically) to no more than one connector. Methods and other systems with different advantageous configurations are also described.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">DESCRIPTION</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">Conventional power distribution blocks transmit a flow of power (hydraulic, pneumatic, electrical, etc.) among a predetermined configuration of inputs and outputs. To split RF power from a single source (e.g., a receiving antenna) into two outputs, for example, a “T” connector may act as a distribution point, with one input connector and two output connectors attaching to it. A “Y” fitting may split a flow of compressed air from a single hose into parallel flows in two separate hoses, with airtight connections attaching to the fitting at its inputs and outputs. As another example, high-current electrical power often passes from a single source (e.g., a lead-acid battery) to several destinations using a pair of metal blocks secured together with screws and having wires sandwiched between them.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">Many situations call for the distribution of power from one or more sources to one or more destinations to change. For example, a system distributing power to a number of output cables may at some point acquire an additional component or user that requires power flow via a cable dedicated to it. In many conventional systems, providing an additional output cable requires inserting a two-way distribution block in the power flow of one of the existing output cables, such that the existing and new output cables share the original power of that output. In other conventional systems, providing an additional output cable requires replacing an existing distribution block with a larger distribution block. Reconfiguration of these conventional types of power distribution systems requires an replacement or augmentation of existing power distribution blocks.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">Requiring the use of additional power distribution blocks makes it difficult to reconfigure a power distribution system. The individual users of consumer electronics (e.g., car audio enthusiasts) who often implement such systems typically prefer not to purchase additional hardware whenever they wish to reconfigure their equipment installations. Planning such installations ahead of time to avoid reconfiguration can require the user to make a bewildering number of choices in advance. Consequently, such users still need, and lack, a power distribution system that they can easily reconfigure with less reliance on additional distribution blocks.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">A need also remains for an electrical fuse assembly rated at high current that does not require bulky high-current fuses. It is known to create a high-current electrical fuse assembly from smaller fuses arrayed in parallel, for example as discussed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,345,210 to Swensen et al. However, conventional parallel-fuse assemblies have comparable width (with respect to the overall direction of current flow through the assembly) to that of a single high-current fuse. Consequently, a desirable but presently unavailable high-current fuse assembly would employ a parallel-array of smaller fuses in a physically compact configuration.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">A system for the distribution of power (pneumatic, hydraulic, electrical, etc.) according to various aspects of the present invention includes a power distribution block and a set of connectors that are configured to be removably coupled to the power distribution block. The set of connectors includes connectors of at least two types. The block includes two or more conduction paths that each have two opposite ends. The block and connectors are configured such that one or more connectors of any type in the set can be removably coupled to at least one of the conduction paths, at either end of the paths. Each end of each conduction path connects (both electrically and mechanically) to no more than one connector.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">Advantageously, the conduction paths can be disposed substantially parallel to each other. Such a configuration permits parallel power flows to continue along a substantially straight path in and out of opposite connectors.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">By providing a power distribution block with multiple conduction paths and connectors of different types that can all couple to the conduction paths in different combinations, a power distribution system according to various aspects of the invention reconfigures easily. According to a particularly advantageous aspect, the conduction paths can be isolated from each other (with a separate connector on each end of each path) or coupled together by a larger connector that couples to multiple adjacent conduction paths.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">In a power distribution system according to another advantageous aspect of the invention, connectors of a first type have two or more mating interfaces while connectors of a second type have just one mating interface. In such a system, a connector of the first type can couple power from a single source to multiple conduction paths in the system's distribution block. Separate connectors of the second type can then distribute the power from the conduction paths to multiple outputs.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">Advantageously, the number of conduction paths used for power distribution in such a system can be configured simply by selecting a connector of the first type with the desired number of mating interfaces. As an example, a power distribution system according to this aspect of the invention can have a power distribution block with four conduction paths. Power can be coupled from a single source to four outputs using a connector of the first type (having four mating interfaces) and four connectors of the second type (each having a single mating interface). Alternatively, power can be coupled from two sources to two pairs of outputs using connectors of the first type. (with two mating interfaces each) and four single-interface connectors of the second type.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">In a system according to another advantageous aspect of the invention, connectors of the first and second types each include one or more mating interfaces that are couplable (i.e., capable of being coupled, perhaps already coupled) to cable having circular and non-circular cross sections, respectively. By providing different types of connectors capable of receiving different types of cable, such a system makes interconnection of cables easier, with less difficulty posed by differing cable types.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">In a method for configuring the transmission of power between a plurality of connectors, according to various aspects of the invention, a power distribution block is provided along with a set of removable connectors. The set of connectors includes connectors of a first type and a second type and, if desired, connectors of additional types. Two or more connectors are selected from the set and coupled to one or more of the conduction paths at the ends of the paths. In the method, the connectors couple to the conduction paths such that at least one of the conduction paths has a different type of connector at each of its ends.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">By selecting connectors from a set that includes multiple types of connectors and coupling the selected connectors to one or more conduction paths of a power distribution block, a person or machine carrying out such a method can quickly and easily reconfigure the transmission of power. Advantageously, the set of connectors can include more connectors than can be simultaneously coupled to the conduction paths. When such a large set of connectors is provided, power transmission can be reconfigured in many different ways without the need for additional hardware.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">An apparatus for interconnecting parallel fuses according to various aspects of the invention includes at least one column of fuse receptacles that each include first and second terminals. A first electrical conductor couples the first terminals of the receptacles together, while a second electrical conductor couples the second terminals of the receptacles together. Advantageously, the first and second electrical conductors lead from opposite ends of the first column of fuse receptacles and have substantially parallel orientations. Such a configuration can be made more compact than conventional paralleling of fuses because the parallel fuses can be stacked in a column, with each fuse oriented perpendicular to the overall direction of current flow through the apparatus. The column of fuses can be oriented substantially in line with the electrical transmission paths leading to and from the column, maintaining a relatively narrow width of the column regardless of the number of fuses in it. In addition, keeping the column in line with its associated transmission paths permits multiple columns of parallel-connected fuses to be arranged in a compact, convenient fuse matrix.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">An apparatus for fusing multiple electrical conduction paths according to various aspects of the invention includes a matrix of fuse receptacles (each having electrical terminals) and several electrical conductors. The matrix includes multiple columns and rows. In each column, electrical conductors couple respective terminals of the receptacles together. Thus, the respective terminals of fuse receptacles in each column electrically connect in parallel.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">According to a further aspect of the invention, the apparatus can include two arrays of mating interfaces, which are distinct from the mating interfaces in removable connectors. The arrayed mating interfaces are disposed at opposite ends of the matrix. Each mating interface in one of the arrays couples (through an electrical conductor) to one set of the terminals (connected in parallel) of fuses in one of the columns. Each mating interface in the other array couples to the opposite set of parallel-connected fuse terminals.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">Advantageously, the respective mating interfaces of the opposite arrays connect together through respective columns of parallel-connected fuses. Thus, the overall current-carrying capacity of multiple electrical connections can increase without the need for large, bulky fuses. This arrangement is particularly advantageous when the fuse receptacles are configured to receive automotive fuses, which are compact, clearly labeled, and readily available. When the fuse receptacles are all oriented substantially parallel to each other, the fuse matrix is arranged in a way that is aesthetically pleasing, uses space efficiently, and permits quick inspection of fuse labels.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">An electrical connector according to another aspect of the invention includes a first portion fabricated from conductive material and a second portion molded from nonconductive material. The first portion includes a substantially circular first aperture, while the second portion includes a substantially rectangular second aperture. The area of the second aperture is larger than the area of the first aperture, and the first and second apertures are substantially coaxial. This configuration provides the connector a suitably tight fit and finish with cable having a rectangular profile while also providing an electrical connection to the cable's square-profile conductive portion without the expense and difficulty of forming a square aperture in a block of conductive material.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">The above summary is not an exhaustive list of all aspects of the present invention. Indeed, the inventor contemplates that his invention includes all systems and methods that can be practiced from all suitable combinations of the various aspects summarized above, as well as those disclosed in the detailed description below and particularly pointed out in the claims filed with the application. Such combinations have particular advantages not specifically recited in the above summary.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">Various embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the drawings, wherein like designations denote like elements.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEAkXP6AwjI8EZWs6AyB2q3HivXaTJBJ2okG9Wf1A2KOgnkt4-uExMUdDDIC-KUX-DbQM4Iej0h4xmVF6PVAO4oMx1YEu719V5747339lXpA48zG3czZL56I5B18lC0OAuxWlyuAEAaMPp/s1600/US06746279-20040608-D00001.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="US Patent 6746279 - Power Distribution System" border="0" height="270" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEAkXP6AwjI8EZWs6AyB2q3HivXaTJBJ2okG9Wf1A2KOgnkt4-uExMUdDDIC-KUX-DbQM4Iej0h4xmVF6PVAO4oMx1YEu719V5747339lXpA48zG3czZL56I5B18lC0OAuxWlyuAEAaMPp/s320/US06746279-20040608-D00001.png" title="FIG. 1 is a partially exploded perspective view of a power distribution system according to various aspects of the invention. US Patent 6746279 - Power Distribution System" width="320" /></a></div>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">FIG. 1 is a partially exploded perspective view of a power distribution system according to various aspects of the invention.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxmPrma5mc89UMkc1uTsqyW-mg0Eh-gQZ2yYyeOV5A5EsH-cMz_oBM6hSHJdvGV4DGt-F9PrlxkW4fxbrTOxsqFm8-u7MX1lmCnrbgPsTM8JeLz-YhTwRzFXYzP0AS5BeaC5iFp6v2mfkM/s1600/US06746279-20040608-D00002.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="US Patent 6746279 - Power Distribution System" border="0" height="278" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxmPrma5mc89UMkc1uTsqyW-mg0Eh-gQZ2yYyeOV5A5EsH-cMz_oBM6hSHJdvGV4DGt-F9PrlxkW4fxbrTOxsqFm8-u7MX1lmCnrbgPsTM8JeLz-YhTwRzFXYzP0AS5BeaC5iFp6v2mfkM/s320/US06746279-20040608-D00002.png" title="FIG. 2 is a cutaway perspective view of a power distribution block and removable connectors of the system of FIG. 1. US Patent 6746279 - Power Distribution System" width="320" /></a></div>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">FIG. 2 is a cutaway perspective view of a power distribution block and removable connectors of the system of FIG. 1.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGvftSroZC3tOiBHWyFlgAfZY1hvPiOg6CRUfNes20T3zlD6-0SK1HENLlMOjHzQKz97q-4CvexJlRkrTEZV11Btlk8n3oWCFhMrSzD6tVXbFnIcqzXk0yu-wq-FKxJbvfvo2mcViqG6Ps/s1600/US06746279-20040608-D00003.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="US Patent 6746279 - Power Distribution System" border="0" height="256" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGvftSroZC3tOiBHWyFlgAfZY1hvPiOg6CRUfNes20T3zlD6-0SK1HENLlMOjHzQKz97q-4CvexJlRkrTEZV11Btlk8n3oWCFhMrSzD6tVXbFnIcqzXk0yu-wq-FKxJbvfvo2mcViqG6Ps/s320/US06746279-20040608-D00003.png" title="FIG. 3 is a further exploded perspective view of the system of FIG. 1. US Patent 6746279 - Power Distribution System" width="320" /></a></div>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">FIG. 3 is a further exploded perspective view of the system of FIG. 1.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUX6vWhmcQvbme-RXD7GgP0_TPnimVDBH1cRFdba543FtmBq3EsDSSE28aRVtczgmfzsKf-IwAldML4VghZnSBU6icFgashNW34eOJQ76z_naIfsgaZdH0GyeexuEK-sM6UudReLuW8a5L/s1600/US06746279-20040608-D00004.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="US Patent 6746279 - Power Distribution System" border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUX6vWhmcQvbme-RXD7GgP0_TPnimVDBH1cRFdba543FtmBq3EsDSSE28aRVtczgmfzsKf-IwAldML4VghZnSBU6icFgashNW34eOJQ76z_naIfsgaZdH0GyeexuEK-sM6UudReLuW8a5L/s320/US06746279-20040608-D00004.png" title="FIG. 4 is a top view of the block and connectors of FIG. 1. US Patent 6746279 - Power Distribution System" width="225" /></a></div>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">FIG. 4 is a top view of the block and connectors of FIG. 1.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihC4rQ0r4cNOoSwgxPXX9GATO6XvUg8X3888ZQYnB2ftv9iRc_fn6WSRZNB4u43NQwBpgnxoIv5_PAbVihYWanPp9N1AifrxOIhLTcrSKJvALRN43zx5QygcP9tFoIjt-NU44Y6XVWCT9f/s1600/US06746279-20040608-D00005.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="US Patent 6746279 - Power Distribution System" border="0" height="251" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihC4rQ0r4cNOoSwgxPXX9GATO6XvUg8X3888ZQYnB2ftv9iRc_fn6WSRZNB4u43NQwBpgnxoIv5_PAbVihYWanPp9N1AifrxOIhLTcrSKJvALRN43zx5QygcP9tFoIjt-NU44Y6XVWCT9f/s320/US06746279-20040608-D00005.png" title="FIG. 5 is an end view of the block of FIG. 1 with a row of fuses shown above the block. FIG. 6 is a side view of the block of FIG. 1, with fuses and connectors. US Patent 6746279 - Power Distribution System" width="320" /></a></div>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">FIG. 5 is an end view of the block of FIG. 1 with a row of fuses shown above the block.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">FIG. 6 is a side view of the block of FIG. 1, with fuses and connectors.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1IT-dtYmlSlRN4RFOrnt8KGZlO8evgK62TQWFuovq1iVZECO5Q-JWRQ-mYFUO1n3XNBlIfCR4BBGOyzYJEVdOoQMoqNBPNZnAV-40Pb1C44SY16RSCzLhV3a90gRXtLnHxEMlH5r0KuA8/s1600/US06746279-20040608-D00006.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="US Patent 6746279 - Power Distribution System" border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1IT-dtYmlSlRN4RFOrnt8KGZlO8evgK62TQWFuovq1iVZECO5Q-JWRQ-mYFUO1n3XNBlIfCR4BBGOyzYJEVdOoQMoqNBPNZnAV-40Pb1C44SY16RSCzLhV3a90gRXtLnHxEMlH5r0KuA8/s320/US06746279-20040608-D00006.png" title="FIGS. 7-12 are schematic diagrams of various possible electrical configurations of the system of FIG. 1. US Patent 6746279 - Power Distribution System" width="223" /></a></div>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">FIGS. 7-12 are schematic diagrams of various possible electrical configurations of the system of FIG. 1.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjW5xtsVdQWDCL56j7M1nPEqJa7SkbyIYRTjh2LhToYDDqcw6atbiFRO4f14R9UGi3gCYPhl5BCrhJMKOqCUyN3PN9PRGnMSlObAwFbm7_dD3E1frsjoIuduBqfSMV64a1d29vi-dlnvMbT/s1600/US06746279-20040608-D00007.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="US Patent 6746279 - Power Distribution System" border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjW5xtsVdQWDCL56j7M1nPEqJa7SkbyIYRTjh2LhToYDDqcw6atbiFRO4f14R9UGi3gCYPhl5BCrhJMKOqCUyN3PN9PRGnMSlObAwFbm7_dD3E1frsjoIuduBqfSMV64a1d29vi-dlnvMbT/s320/US06746279-20040608-D00007.png" title="FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of electrical connections between parallel fuses in separate conduction paths of the system of FIG. 1. US Patent 6746279 - Power Distribution System" width="267" /></a></div>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of electrical connections between parallel fuses in separate conduction paths of the system of FIG. 1.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrnFfXzzgIBpLCUkP79VZcL2k7RDpMl18KDlt2BSrStXKO_RktQykUT8XZVrR2wu61yVRORDR0q9txyKvAbKG78uNkr6UY6rwmm0wOrZNDhWLTYP54Alsac3FFX702MuMdTZAYL8cFxicr/s1600/US06746279-20040608-D00008.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="US Patent 6746279 - Power Distribution System" border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrnFfXzzgIBpLCUkP79VZcL2k7RDpMl18KDlt2BSrStXKO_RktQykUT8XZVrR2wu61yVRORDR0q9txyKvAbKG78uNkr6UY6rwmm0wOrZNDhWLTYP54Alsac3FFX702MuMdTZAYL8cFxicr/s320/US06746279-20040608-D00008.png" title="FIG. 14 is a perspective view a power distribution system according to a variation of the invention having eight conduction paths. FIG. 15 is an exploded perspective view of a power distribution system according to another variation of the invention having two conduction paths with conventional high-current fuses. US Patent 6746279 - Power Distribution System" width="235" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">FIG. 14 is a perspective view a power distribution system according to a variation of the invention having eight conduction paths.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">FIG. 15 is an exploded perspective view of a power distribution system according to another variation of the invention having two conduction paths with conventional high-current fuses.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2Nl6dQTp6DRX3WMxMqY1EZPNkWO6i8x79aCXfJRLm6ymCysK-Fdph4sagy9-903OrxMjJj8pMwazCNLpm-fJQq9gaZE-90jYU12rgSjT9v_54iYv_1whIN6XtfiaanS-j2lxvb3sCtlJr/s1600/US06746279-20040608-D00009.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="US Patent 6746279 - Power Distribution System" border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2Nl6dQTp6DRX3WMxMqY1EZPNkWO6i8x79aCXfJRLm6ymCysK-Fdph4sagy9-903OrxMjJj8pMwazCNLpm-fJQq9gaZE-90jYU12rgSjT9v_54iYv_1whIN6XtfiaanS-j2lxvb3sCtlJr/s320/US06746279-20040608-D00009.png" title="FIG. 16 is a perspective view of a power distribution system according to another variation of the invention having four conduction paths and no fuses. FIG. 17 is a perspective view of a power distribution system according to another variation of the invention having two conduction paths and no fuses. US Patent 6746279 - Power Distribution System" width="225" /></a></div>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">FIG. 16 is a perspective view of a power distribution system according to another variation of the invention having four conduction paths and no fuses.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">FIG. 17 is a perspective view of a power distribution system according to another variation of the invention having two conduction paths and no fuses.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3tjK0LDNP5YN848-flQw7f6HKO4VteKWSS8CDiGjAgthAa9uabyJtyoA_lvIr6KLmW1tZvHhKXhcGH04Ac1z_b7ucbtE2fO8N_Is-EQvLd8jbmO5SP6-hx5dDZJbi1lai7MSB5zW1kfa9/s1600/US06746279-20040608-D00010.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="US Patent 6746279 - Power Distribution System" border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3tjK0LDNP5YN848-flQw7f6HKO4VteKWSS8CDiGjAgthAa9uabyJtyoA_lvIr6KLmW1tZvHhKXhcGH04Ac1z_b7ucbtE2fO8N_Is-EQvLd8jbmO5SP6-hx5dDZJbi1lai7MSB5zW1kfa9/s320/US06746279-20040608-D00010.png" title="FIGS. 18 and 19 are perspective views of high-current battery clamps according to various aspects of the invention with three and four mating interfaces, respectively. US Patent 6746279 - Power Distribution System" width="221" /></a></div>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">FIGS. 18 and 19 are perspective views of high-current battery clamps according to various aspects of the invention with three and four mating interfaces, respectively.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIqu2J35znJPwL7_sQT3QtThK8u-OmNwMDZ4RQ0t126OxZSfpWVEx8sDjVdinEL9MHVO77tcs-kffiECqhnu6Wc58w-u4hBz-KZ9uVsg4isSItXQ5WHdvJfVYW511XAJxK5ks_7-7rw3VC/s1600/US06746279-20040608-D00011.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="US Patent 6746279 - Power Distribution System" border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIqu2J35znJPwL7_sQT3QtThK8u-OmNwMDZ4RQ0t126OxZSfpWVEx8sDjVdinEL9MHVO77tcs-kffiECqhnu6Wc58w-u4hBz-KZ9uVsg4isSItXQ5WHdvJfVYW511XAJxK5ks_7-7rw3VC/s320/US06746279-20040608-D00011.png" title="FIG. 20 is an exploded perspective view of a disassembled power distribution system according to various aspects of the invention with extra connectors and packaging material. US Patent 6746279 - Power Distribution System" width="270" /></a></div>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">FIG. 20 is an exploded perspective view of a disassembled power distribution system according to various aspects of the invention with extra connectors and packaging material.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMx_VvN7mI4kEihQ41kwwAqkkfFZZkYvqXfgR6fQ_pjbAWL4BvJDjYvbykRtEBtCYxWgk8kb4K4S0TtvipvSTx1-WJNCxl_94-0iV_w1aOuhmeXQQ60m_B2Hh6QBW9uHYKONlbbRIe1UR8/s1600/US06746279-20040608-D00012.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="US Patent 6746279 - Power Distribution System" border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMx_VvN7mI4kEihQ41kwwAqkkfFZZkYvqXfgR6fQ_pjbAWL4BvJDjYvbykRtEBtCYxWgk8kb4K4S0TtvipvSTx1-WJNCxl_94-0iV_w1aOuhmeXQQ60m_B2Hh6QBW9uHYKONlbbRIe1UR8/s320/US06746279-20040608-D00012.png" title="FIG. 21 is an exploded perspective view of another disassembled power distribution system according to various aspects of the invention with extra connectors and packaging material. US Patent 6746279 - Power Distribution System" width="220" /></a></div>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">FIG. 21 is an exploded perspective view of another disassembled power distribution system according to various aspects of the invention with extra connectors and packaging material.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgq0rBqCg2Pz3l97_L8WwcoshQ_an2gluMFxzCRvv8UJo3ybx4n-HvFnOkrRM9KbaTEZgu2nqDMcLHmjAvTQI9H-NZM4hUUoVC5ALQaGrHnQS7krFvkpwdR0Hhf2xdsDmh4-yjU5p0T9fuF/s1600/US06746279-20040608-D00013.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="US Patent 6746279 - Power Distribution System" border="0" height="211" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgq0rBqCg2Pz3l97_L8WwcoshQ_an2gluMFxzCRvv8UJo3ybx4n-HvFnOkrRM9KbaTEZgu2nqDMcLHmjAvTQI9H-NZM4hUUoVC5ALQaGrHnQS7krFvkpwdR0Hhf2xdsDmh4-yjU5p0T9fuF/s320/US06746279-20040608-D00013.png" title="FIG. 22 is an exploded perspective view of the connector according to various aspects of the invention. US Patent 6746279 - Power Distribution System" width="320" /></a></div>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">FIG. 22 is an exploded perspective view of the connector according to various aspects of the invention.</span><br />
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">A power distribution system according to various aspects of the present invention provides a number of benefits including convenient reconfiguration of inputs and outputs and compact, convenient arrangement of fuses. For example, FIGS. 1-6 show various views of a power distribution-system 100 according to various aspects of the present invention. System 100 of FIGS. 1-6 includes a distribution block 110 having four conduction paths 410, 420, 430, and 440, which are protected by parallel fuses in a convenient matrix arrangement. Conduction paths 410-440 (more clearly depicted in FIG. 4) can be configured to connect a single connector 130 on one side of block 110 to one, two, or more connectors on opposite sides of block 110, depending on the type of connectors used. For example, FIG. 4 shows single connector 130 on an opposite side of block 110 from three connectors 150, 152, and 154. As discussed in greater detail below with reference to FIGS. 7-12 and TABLE II below, the use of a standard distribution block with connectors of multiple types permits a power distribution system according to various aspects of the invention to be easily configured in a number of different ways.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">In addition to block 110, components of exemplary system 100 include: a removable cover 114 releasably coupled to block 110 by tabs 115 and 116; a single-input, four-output connector 130 that can be removably coupled (in parallel) to all conduction paths 410-440 of block 110; four one-way connectors 150, 152, 154, and 156 that can each be removably coupled (separately) to conduction paths 410-440; and cables 120 and 140, which are coupled to connectors 130 and 156, respectively. Cables that can suitably couple to connectors 150, 152, and 154 are not shown in FIG. 1. Also, all cables are omitted from views of FIGS. 2-6 for ease of illustration although such cables are understood to be present in operation.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">A power distribution block in a power distribution system according to various aspects of the invention includes any structure suitable to transmit a flow of power among a given configuration of inputs and outputs. The type of power (e.g., hydraulic, pneumatic, electrical, etc.) and configuration of inputs and outputs (e.g., one-to-one, one-to-many, many-to-one, etc.) depend on the particular implementation of such a system. For example, block 110 (as depicted in FIGS. 1, 2. 4-6) is configured for transmission of electrical power from the single input connector 130 (through its four outputs with their four mating interfaces) to four output connectors 150, 152, 154, and 156 (with one mating interface each).</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">Conduction paths in a distribution block of the invention can be configured to transmit power using any mode of transmission suitable for the type of power transmitted. As may be better understood with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4, for example, conduction paths 410-440 in exemplary block 110 transmit electrical power through respective columns of parallel fuses, of which only one, fuse 540, is depicted in FIG. 1. (The H advantageous arrangement or the fuses in block 110 is discussed in greater detail below.)</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">Conduction path 410 (which is identical to paths 420, 430, and 440) includes a first bus bar 342, a second bus bar 352, and four strips 362, 364, 366, and 368, which are made of resilient material (e.g., spring steel) that is conductive or plated. (To ensure that conductivity is maintained, all electrical contact surfaces described herein are preferably plated with suitably conductive material such as gold, silver, or nickel, with all contacting materials being chemically compatible with each other.) Conduction path 410 further includes a mating interface 332 that connects electrically and mechanically to bus bar 342 through a conductive block 340, and a mating interface 372 that likewise connects to bus bar 352 through another conductive block. Bus bar 342 has indentations on one of its sides, which face away from bus bar 352. Bus bar 352 has indentations on an opposite side, facing away from bus bar 342.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">Bus bar 342 and 352 are fabricated from rigid conductive material such as aircraft aluminum, forged brass, or other material, preferably plated as mentioned above for longevity. Bus bars 342 and 352 slide into block 110, cooperating to form a column of fuse receptacles. As illustrated in FIG. 4, terminals of the automotive-type fuses (FIGS. 5 and 6) that are employed in system 100 fit into holes formed by the indentations in bus bars 342 and 352. Strips 362 and 364 improve the electrical contact between bus bar. 342 and the terminals that fit into its indentations on one side of the column of fuses. Similarly, strips 366 and 368 improve electrical contact between bus bar 354 and terminals on the opposite side of the column of fuses that fit into its indentations. A side view of strip 362 is visible in FIG. 6.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">A removable cover according to various aspects of the invention includes any structural shell that can be removably placed over conduction paths of a power distribution block. A removable cover can protect circuitry, fuses, or tubing of such conduction paths from exposure while permitting access when desired for maintenance, reconfiguration, etc. Advantageously, a removable cover can be fabricated from transparent or translucent material to allow visual inspection of the conduction paths, for example to detect blown fuses or obstructed tubing. Exemplary cover 114 of block 110 is a shell fabricated from translucent plastic including a generally planar top, generally planar sides, and snap-fit tabs 115 and 116, which extend below the sides to releasably connect cover 114 to block 110.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">In a variation, the block includes a cover that selectably provides access to the conduction paths without needing to be removed. One example of such a cover includes an aperture with a sliding window. Another example of such a cover includes hinges on one side that allow it to open (like a door) for access to the conduction paths beneath.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">Block 110 further includes an insulating base 112 with mounting holes 118 and 119 for receiving mounting screws. (In variations of a power distribution system of the invention where the benefits of mounting screws, fuses, and a cover are not required, those components can be omitted.) Base 112 can be made of any material suitable for isolating conduction paths 410-440 from each other and the structure on which base 112 may be mounted.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">Base 112 can mount on any structure of suitable thickness and structural integrity to withstand structural forces that it may encounter in a particular installation of power distribution system 100. Base 112 can attach to mounting structure in any suitable fashion using mounting hardware, adhesive, welding, etc. For example, conventional bolts or screws can be passed through mounting holes 118 and 119 and into holes in a mounting plate. Such bolts can also anchor nearby removable connectors in place, for example with semi-rigid restraining dips.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">A power distribution block according to various aspects of the invention can be fabricated, shaped, and dimensioned in any way considered appealing or necessary, given the constraints of a particular implementation. Suitable manufacturing materials for particular implementations include polymers, fiberglass, and composite materials. For electrical power distribution, such materials should have good insulating properties.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">A removable connector in a power distribution system according to various aspects of the invention includes any suitable structure that can removably couple to one or more conduction paths of a distribution block to transmit power to or from the conduction paths. Such a connector includes one or more mating interfaces that are couplable in parallel, preferably through a common junction block, to a desired type of cable to convey power between the cable and the conduction path or paths. Connector 130 of exemplary system 100 includes four mating interfaces 132, 134, 136, and 138 (visible in FIG. 1 but not in FIG. 3). These couple power between cable 120 and respective mating interfaces 332, 334, 336, and 338 (visible in FIG. 3 but not in FIG. 1). Connector 156 includes just one mating interface (not visible in FIG. 1), which couples power between cable 140 and mating interface 160 of block 110. Connector 2200, which is discussed below with reference to FIG. 22, is an example of a connector having two mating interfaces.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">Connectors 130 and 150-154 of exemplary system 100 each include a housing (i.e., shroud) made of any suitable material (e.g., molded rubber or plastic) with an open side for exposing the mating interface or interfaces of the connector and an aperture on the opposite side to receive cable and allow it to connect to the mating interface(s). The connector housings are preferably constructed (e.g., having sufficient surface area, textured surface, etc.) such that an average user of system 100 can easily insert and remove the connectors from block 110.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">A mating interface according to various aspects of the invention includes any structure suitable for removably coupling a conduction path to a cable to transmit power from one to the other. In a power distribution system according to various aspects of the invention, each mating interface of a distribution block can either connect to one mating interface of a connector or can be left uncoupled. Each of the block's mating interfaces can connect directly to just one connector's mating interface. Mating interfaces 132-138, 332-338, and 160 of exemplary system 100 all include electrically conductive contacts for providing such coupling. Any suitable type of contacts and conductive material can be employed. In system 100, mating interfaces of removable connectors (e.g., mating interfaces 132-138) have cylindrical contacts with four opposing slits. Arrayed mating interfaces of block 110 (e.g., mating interface 160), which couple to mating interfaces of the connectors, have slightly smaller cylindrical contacts that fit snugly inside the slitted cylindrical contacts of the connectors'mating interfaces. An electrical connection occurs between the inner surface of the slitted cylindrical contacts and the outer surfaces of the slightly smaller cylindrical contacts.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">The connectors'mating interfaces provide mechanical connections, as well as electrical connections, between the connectors and block 110. Consequently, the mating interfaces are preferably fabricated from materials that have both mechanical strength and good electrical conductivity. These two properties are not always found in the same materials. For example, soft metals tend to provide good electrical contacts, initially, because the contact surfaces more easily conform with each other. However, soft materials tend to lose their shape when exposed to mechanical stress. Materials such as forged brass or aircraft aluminum provide a good balance between electrical conductivity and mechanical integrity.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">In some embodiments of a power distribution block according to various aspects of the invention, the characteristic impedance between conduction paths and the mating interfaces coupled to them is important. For example, electrical energy comprised of very high currents or very high frequencies is generally transmitted with greatest efficiency through source and return paths having a relatively low characteristic impedance between them. Judicious selection of spacing between adjacent conduction paths and mating interfaces, and the exposed surface areas of the conduction path and mating interfaces, can ensure that the impedance conforms to a desired value. In addition, a conductive plane can be placed at an appropriate proximity to the conduction paths and mating interfaces, for example as a conductive coating on the underside of a power distribution block housing the conduction paths.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">The open wall of connector 130 is visible in FIG. 1, while the open walls of connectors 150-156 are not. The aperture of connector 130 is not visible in FIG. 1. However, cable 120 is shown leading to connector 130, with only a portion 122 of its insulating jacket depicted. Apertures 151, 153, 155, and 157 of connectors 150-156 are visible in FIG. 1. Cable 140 is shown leading to connector 156, with only a portion 142 of its insulating jacket depicted.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">The insulating jackets and connector housings can be fabricated from any type of polymer having a suitably high resistance under the voltages expected. In circumstances where both positive and negative voltage potentials are expected to occur in the same connector or where capacitance is an issue, the connector housing is preferably fabricated from PTFE (marketed as TEFLON by E.I. duPont de Nemours & Co.) or material with similar dielectric properties.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">Any type of cable suitable for the particular type of power transmitted can be employed. For example, parallel-conductor cables 120 and 140 of FIG. 1 are suitable for transmitting high-current (i.e., low impedance or high power, or both) electrical power with a single visually appealing insulating jacket having a roughly rectangular cross-section. Such cables may be desirable in a number of applications including supplying 12 Volt DC power to high-power automotive audio equipment, in which case the parallel conductors are typically stranded copper wire in an insulating jacket, selected from 8, 4, 2, and 1/0 standard wire gauges.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">Cables can have various profiles (i.e., cross-sectional shapes) in addition to the rectangular profile of cables 120 and 140, such as square, elliptical, or, more traditionally, circular. A connector housing according to various aspects of the invention can be molded with an input aperture of various possible shapes to accommodate cable of a particular profile.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">A connector according to various aspects of the invention can include (1) a housing having an aperture of one shape and (2) a junction block having an aperture of another shape, for establishing an electrical connection between a cable and one or more mating interfaces. Particular advantages of such a connector may be better understood with reference to FIG. 22. Exemplary connector 2200 includes a housing 2210 having a generally square aperture 2205, a junction block 2220, and two mating interfaces 2224 and 2226. Junction block 2220 includes three generally round apertures 2222, 2223, and 2225 oriented parallel to each other, and a smaller aperture 2221 that is perpendicular to, and intersecting with, aperture 2222. Mating interfaces 2224 and 2226 insert into respective apertures 2223 and 2225 of junction block 2220.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">Connector 2200 is suited for receiving cable having a square aperture such as cable 2240, an end portion of which is depicted in FIG. 22. Cable 2240 includes a conductive portion 2242, which includes numerous individual strands of conductive wire, and an insulating jacket 2244.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">A square aperture is difficult to create (e.g., by drilling or stamping) in a block of existing material. Advantageously, round aperture 2222 of junction block 2220 is able to receive individual strands of conductive portion 2242 of cable 2240 even though portion 2242 has a generally square cross section. The individual strands of portion 2242 can easily conform to the shape of aperture 2222. Thus the need for a square aperture in conductive material (e.g., created by an expensive machining process) is avoided.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">The cross-sectional area of aperture 2205 is larger than the cross-section area of aperture 2222. Because of this, and because aperture 2205 can easily be shaped to conform with the cable profile during molding of housing 2210, aperture 2200 can receive the entire profile of cable 2240, including insulating jacket 2244. Thus, connector 2200 receives cable 2240 through aperture 2205 with a suitably tight fit and finish while providing an electrical connection to its square-profile conductive portion 2242 through aperture 2222, which is substantially coaxial with aperture 2205.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">Junction block 2220 is preferably fabricated from a milled or forged piece of conductive material such as brass. Aperture 2221 of block 2220 is threaded and dimensioned to receive a set screw, not shown in FIG. 22. The screw's purpose is to insure a good electrical and mechanical connection between conductive portion 2242 and junction block 2220 and, consequently, connector 2200 as a whole. Multiple screws may be desirable for larger cables. Such additional set screws can be oriented parallel to each other or in any other suitable configuration.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">Although the type of power distribution primarily discussed herein is electrical, with reference to particular aspects and advantages of exemplary power distribution system 100, power distribution systems according to various aspects of the invention can distribute many different types of power. TABLE I below lists a few examples of various types of mating interfaces for transmission of different types of power and cables employing those interfaces.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">TABLE I</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">Type of Cable Leading<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">from Connector<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Mating Interface Type<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Power Type</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">Airtight hose<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Pressure seal (e.g., snap fit)<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Pneumatic</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">Fluid impermeable hose<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Pressure seal (e.g., threaded)<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Hydraulic</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">Coaxial cable<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Type F, RG, N, BNC, SMA,<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Electrical</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">etc. coaxial connector</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">Single electrical wire<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Snap fit, screw-down, or crimp<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Electrical</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">connector</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">A particular advantage of a power distribution system according to various aspects of the invention is convenient reconfiguration of power transmission from one or more inputs to one or more outputs. An example of such reconfiguration may be better understood with reference to FIGS. 7-12, which are schematic diagrams of a power distribution system having a distribution block 700 with three conduction paths.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">In TABLE II below and FIGS. 7-12, which it references, the connections at the upper part of each figure are inputs, as indicated by arrows pointing toward block 700. The connections at the lower part of each figure depict outputs, as indicated by arrows pointing away from block 700. Outputs and inputs can be coupled to block 700 in any suitable configuration, and connections indicated as inputs in FIGS. 7-12 can be viewed as outputs, and vice versa, to better understand alternate configurations of the power distribution system using block 700.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">TABLE II</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">Connection #1<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Connection #2<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Connection #3</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">FIG.<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Inputs: Outputs<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Inputs:Outputs<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Inputs:Outputs</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"> 7<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>1:2<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>1:1<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>—</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"> 8<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>1:3<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>—<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>—</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"> 9<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>1:1<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>—<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>—</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">10<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>1:1<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2:1<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>—</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">11<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>3:1<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>—<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>—</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">12<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>1:1<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>1:1<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>1:1</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">According to a method of the invention, any one of the configurations listed in TABLE II can easily convert, by suitable selection of removable connectors, to any other listed configuration. Changing from the configuration of FIG. 7 to the configuration of FIG. 8 is an illustrative example. In the configuration of FIG. 7, one dual-conductor input couples to two single-conductor outputs and one single-conductor input couples to a single-conductor output. This configuration can convert to the configuration of FIG. 8 simply by exchanging the two input connectors for a single input connector having three conductors.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">TABLE III lists various preferred cable configurations of block 700 for the distribution of electrical power at a fused current capacity of 160 A per conduction path, with various numbers of parallel conductions paths per cable, cable types, and cable gauges. Cables connecting to two conduction paths in parallel are rated at 320 A, while cables connecting to four parallel conduction paths are rated at 640 A. For example, a cable connecting to two conduction paths of block 700, each carrying 160 A, is rated at 320 A. Such a cable preferably comprises either (1) a single 1/0 AWG conductor or (2) two 4 AWG conductors in parallel.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">TABLE III</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">Number of<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Number of Cable<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">Conduction Paths<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Conductors<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Conductor Gauge</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">1<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>1<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>4 or 8</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">2<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>1<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>1/0</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">2<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>4</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">4<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>1<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>3/0</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">4<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>1/0</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">4<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>3<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>4</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">According to another advantageous aspect of the invention, parallel fuses such as those in conduction paths 410-440 of exemplary block 110 (FIGS. 1, 4) can be arranged in a column and interconnected in parallel by conductors leading (with substantially parallel orientations) from opposite ends of the column. According to another advantageous aspect, multiple columns of fuses can be arranged in a compact, aesthetically pleasing matrix.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">High-current fuses tend to be large and bulky. By using multiple smaller fuses for a given current capacity, the need for high-current fuses can be avoided. This arrangement is particularly advantageous when the fuse receptacles are configured to receive automotive fuses, which are compact, dearly labeled, and readily available. When the fuse receptacles are all oriented substantially parallel to each other, the fuse matrix is arranged in a way that is aesthetically pleasing, uses space efficiently, and permits quick inspection of fuse labels.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">As illustrated in FIGS. 3-4 and 13, block 110 includes first and second pluralities of bus bars that form left and right parts of columns of fuse receptacles. One column is formed from bus bars 342, 352, another from bars 344, 374, another from bars 346, 356, and still another from bus bars 348, 358. Bus bar 342 also serves as a first electrical conductor that couples terminals of the first column of receptacles together, while bar 352 also serves as a second electrical conductor that couples terminals of the first column of receptacles together. Bus bar 344 also serves as a third electrical conductor that couples terminals of the second column of receptacles together, while bar 374 also serves as a fourth electrical conductor that couples terminals of the second column of receptacles together.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">Block 110 includes two arrays of mating interfaces. A first one of the arrays (shown at the top of FIG. 13) includes mating interfaces 332, 334, 336, and 338. A second one of the arrays (shown at bottom of FIG. 13) includes mating interfaces 372, 374, 376, and 378. As FIG. 13 illustrates, each mating interface of the first (top) array is coupled to a bus bar (i.e., an electrical conductor) of the first plurality (left sides of columns), which includes the first conductor 342 and the third conductor 344. As further illustrated in FIG. 13, each mating interface of the second (bottom) array is coupled to a bus bar of the second plurality (right sides of columns), which includes the second conductor 352 and the fourth conductor 374.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">An exemplary fuse matrix arrangement (in block 110) may be better understood with reference to FIGS. 2 and 4-6. FIG. 2 illustrates, in a cutaway perspective view, block 110 and rows of fuses with terminals inserted into bus bars 342-348 and 352-358 (not shown in FIG. 2). The bus bars and their indentations for receiving terminals are depicted in the top view of block 110 of FIG. 4. FIG. 5 illustrates a row of fuses to be inserted into block 110, namely fuse 540 (the single fuse depicted in FIGS. 1 and 3) and fuses 510, 520, 530. FIG. 6 illustrates a column 1340 of fuses to be inserted into block 110, namely fuses 510, 620, 630, and 640. Corner fuse 510 is visible in both the row of FIG. 5 and column 1340 of FIG. 6.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">The electrical interconnection of fuses in block 100 may be better understood with reference to FIG. 13. Fuses that are also visible in the row and column depicted in FIGS. 5 and 6, respectively, are labeled in FIG. 13, while the other fuses of FIG. 13 are not labeled. Fuse 540 connects in parallel with three other fuses by bus bars 342 and 352 to form column 1310. Similarly, fuses 530, 520, and 510 each connect in parallel with three other fuses to form columns 1320, 1330, and 1340, respectively, by the following combinations of bus bars: 344 and 354 (fuse 530, column 1320); 346 and 356 (fuse 520, column 1330); 348 and 358 (fuse 510, column 1340). Mating interfaces 332, 334, 336, and 338 connect, through respective fuse columns 1310-1340, to respective mating interfaces 372, 374, 376, and 378 (FIGS. 3, 13).</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">Columns 1310-1340 of exemplary block 110 all have substantially parallel orientations. Bus bars, conductive blocks, and mating interfaces of each conduction path 410-440 cooperate to form a pair of electrical conductors leading from opposite ends of each respective column 1310-1340. The pairs of electrical conductors (like the columns) have substantially parallel orientations, and the overall direction of current flow through block 110 is parallel along conduction paths 410-440.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">Advantageously, adjacent conduction paths with parallel-connected fuses, according to various aspects of the invention, can transmit generally parallel flows of electrical current, regardless of the direction of power flow through each individual fuse. In the schematic view of FIG. 13, for example, current can flow from mating interfaces 332-338 to mating interfaces 372-378 in a downward direction, parallel to the orientation of columns 1310-1340. This generally straight current path is preserved even though the current flows through individual fuses of block 110 (e.g., fuses 510, 620, 630, and 640 of column 1340) in a direction perpendicular to the overall current path. Thus, the connection lengths in distribution block 110 can be minimized.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">As illustrated in FIG. 3 with reference to exemplary system 100, mating interfaces and respective bus bars of a power distribution block according to various aspects of the invention can connect to each other both electrically and mechanically through common structural blocks. For example, mating interfaces 332-338 are both electrically and mechanically connected to bus bars 342-348, respectively, through electrically conductive blocks (of which only block 340 is labeled in FIG. 3). Mating interfaces 372-378 of individual connectors 150-156 connect electrically and mechanically to bus bars 352-358, respectively, through separate conductive blocks shown but not labeled in FIG. 3. The mating interfaces and bus bars, and the conductor blocks connecting them can all be fabricated from a single unitary piece of conductive material such as forged brass or aircraft aluminum, preferably plated with a suitable conductive material as discussed above. Such a configuration helps support mechanical stress resulting from the mechanical connection between mating interfaces of block 110 and mating interfaces of connectors coupled to them.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">The dimensions and configurations of mating interfaces should be planned with efficient electrical transmission in mind, to allow for enough current-carrying mass and contact area. The larger the current needed for a particular implementation, the larger the mating interfaces need to be. This requirement has a positive side effect. Larger amounts of current tend to require larger gauge cables, and having larger pins increases the mechanical integrity needed to oppose the stress created by such large gauge cables.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">Systems that may encounter high vibration or stress can employ a suitable support system, such as bracketing of the cables, to support the mechanical coupling of the mating interface. Although all mating interfaces of block 110 are depicted as consisting of a single pin, a single mating interface can employ multiple pins to provide an electrical coupling between the mating interface and that of a removable connector (or battery clamp, as discussed below). Such a configuration increases the mechanical stability while also increasing the current carrying ability of the mating interface.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">Preferably, parallel-connected fuses all have the same current rating (within reasonable manufacturing tolerances). A parallel arrangement with one or more fuses having a higher current rating than other fuses could have unpredictable or undesirable current-limiting behavior. For example, if three fuses in a four-fuse arrangement have a current rating of ten Amperes (A) and the fourth fuse has a current rating of 20 A, the fourth fuse is likely to have a lower resistance than the first three fuses. Thus, less than one-fourth of the total current is likely to pass through the first three fuses, making the conditions under which current is interrupted unpredictable.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">In some configurations, however, one or more fuses can be omitted from a column of fuses to achieve a desired current rating. In the example above, an overall current rating of 30 A can be achieved by using three fuses of 10 A and leaving an open-circuit connection in the receptacle for the fourth fuse. As a further example, a single conduction path can be configured for the various fused current ratings with the following combinations of 40 A fuses: (1) 40 A, 1 fuse; (2) 80 A, 2 fuses; (3) 120 A, 3 fuses; (4) 160 A, 4 fuses.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">To avoid having an open socket and the appearance of an incomplete fuse arrangement, a “zero-amp” fuse can be inserted into the open-circuit receptacle. A “zero-amp” fuse appears to be a regular fuse (except for a “0” marking) but has no electrical connection between its terminals. For high voltage implementations, an insulating material with high breakdown voltage can be used to separate the terminals. In a variation where some conduction paths may be fused and some conduction paths not fused, jumpers can be inserted in fuse receptacles instead of fuses.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">Fuses (or jumpers) can be secured in place by any suitable structural arrangement. In some variations, fuses can be secured in their fuse receptacles by friction of their terminals in the fuse receptacles alone. Other variations can include mechanical restraints (e.g., clips, straps, handle-actuated terminal receptacles such as are found in “zero-insertion-force” EPROM sockets, etc.) to restrain fuses, alternatively or in addition to any frictional restraint at the fuse terminals. For example, cover 114 of system 100 can be dimensioned to place downward pressure on fuses in block 110 when cover 114 is fastened to block 110 by tabs 115 and 116.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">A fuse according to various aspects of the invention includes any structure suitable for interrupting the flow of power (typically electrical, but non-electrical fuses are certainly possible) when the power flow exceeds a predetermined limit. Suitable types of fuses include those listed in TABLE IV below.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">TABLE IV</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">Fuse Type<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Mode of Operation</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">Temperature actuated link<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Fusible link melts when excessive electrical</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">current flows through it.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">Temperature actuated<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Mechanical switch interrupts current</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">switch<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>flow when a temperature-based sensing</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">device detects excessive electrical</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">current. (Circuit breaker.)</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">Electrically activated switch<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Semiconductor switch interrupts current</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">flow when a current sensing device detects</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">excessive electrical current.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">Although the exemplary matrix arrangement discussed above with columns of parallel-connected fuses has particular advantages, such an arrangement is not required. Small fuses connected in parallel according to various aspects of the invention can be arranged in numerous configurations including a star with multiple columns of fuses extending radially outwardly from a center point and a linear array of multiple columns sharing a common axis. In variations where the benefits of arranging parallel-connected fuses in one or more columns is not required, such fuses can be arranged in any conventional manner. For example, fuses can connect in parallel in a conventional single-row arrangement wherein current flows into and out of the row of fuses in a direction substantially parallel to the direction of current flow within the fuses.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">Numerous other variations of a power distribution system and distribution block according to various aspects of the invention can be employed to provide particular advantages in particular implementations. Exemplary variations are discussed below. One or more terminal clamps can be coupled to a distribution block instead of one or more removable connectors. Exemplary terminal clamps 1800 and 1900 may be better understood with reference to FIGS. 18-19. Clamp 1800 of FIG. 18 has three mating interfaces 1810, 1820, and 1830, which are preferably fabricated from the same block of material (e.g., forged or machined aluminum or brass) as the rest of clamp 1800. Clamp 1900 has four mating interfaces 1910, 1920, 1930, and 1940. the preferred fabrication of which is the same as for clamp 1800. As with all electrical connections described herein, mating interfaces 1810-1830 and 1910-1940 are preferably plated as discussed above.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">As may be better understood with reference to FIGS. 15-17, variations in which the benefits of parallel-connected fuses are not required can employ a single fuse (or no fuse) for each conduction path. Distribution block 1500 of FIG. 15 employs a pair of large, conventional fuses, one for each of two parallel (in orientation, not electrical connection) conduction paths. In block 1500, two mating interfaces are provided at each end of each fuse. Thus, connectors coupled to block 1500 need not make the parallel connection between the adjacent mating interfaces of block 1500. Distribution blocks 1600 of FIG. 16 and 1700 of FIG. 17 have four and two conduction paths, respectively, with no fuses at all.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">A distribution block according to various aspects of the invention need not have any particular number of conduction paths. However, blocks having 2, 4, and 8 conduction paths may be considered particularly desirable. As discussed in detail above, block 110 of exemplary system 100 has four parallel conduction paths. A variant block 1400 with eight conduction paths is illustrated in FIG. 14.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">A distribution block according to various aspects of the invention can include circuitry to indicate when one or more fuses has interrupted the flow of power through the block. For example, a light-emitting-diode (LED) can connect across the terminals of a fuse (or fuses in a column of parallel-connected fuses) so that the LED illuminates when the fuse creates an open circuit condition and a consequent voltage drop. In variations where the block has designated outputs, an LED can connect to each output to indicate when power is not being supplied due (presumably) to an open-circuit fuse. More elaborate indicators such as resistance detectors and circuitry associated with electronic fuses can also be employed.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">A power distribution system need not be assembled and operational to be useful for, among other things, marketing purposes. For example, display packages 2000 and 2100 of FIGS. 20 and 21 contain components of disassembled power distribution systems 2020 and 2120, respectively. When package 2000 is sealed for display, cover 2010 and backer 2030 encase components of system 2020. (Either cover 2010 or backer 2030, or both, can be made of transparent plastic so that components of system 2020 are clearly visible.) Similarly, when package 2100 is sealed for display, cover 2110 and backer 2130 encase components of system 2120.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">As depicted in FIGS. 20 and 21, the components of systems 2020 and 2120 are not electrically coupled; indeed, system 2120 of FIG. 21 includes more connectors than can be simultaneously coupled to the four conduction paths of its distribution block. However, the illustrated configurations of systems 2000 and 2100 permits a prospective buyer to readily view all components of the systems and appreciate the fact that the systems include enough connectors to form many different power distribution configurations.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">PUBLIC NOTICE REGARDING THE SCOPE OF THE INVENTION AND CLAIMS</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">While the invention has been described in terms of preferred embodiments and generally associated methods, the inventor contemplates that alterations and permutations of the preferred embodiments and methods will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon a reading of the specification and a study of the drawings. For example, a distribution block that includes tubing, flow-sensing devices, and connectors with internal “Y-junction” mating interfaces can be employed for distributing (and limiting) a flow of pressurized air from a single compressor to various devices.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">Accordingly, neither the above description of preferred exemplary embodiments nor the abstract defines or constrains the invention. Rather, the issued claims variously define the invention. Each variation of the invention is limited only by the recited limitations of its respective claim, and equivalents thereof, without limitation by other terms not present in the claim. For example, claims that do not recite limitations regarding fuses read on devices and methods that include, and exclude, fuses. As another example, claims not reciting limitations regarding the reconfigurable aspects of the invention read on devices and methods that include, and exclude, removable connectors.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">In addition, aspects of the invention are particularly pointed out in the claims using terminology that the inventor regards as having its broadest reasonable interpretation; the Ci more specific interpretations of 35 U.S.C. §112 (6) are only intended in those instances where the term “means” is actually recited. The words “comprising,” “including,” and “having” are intended as open-ended terminology, with the same meaning as if the phrase “at least” were appended after each instance thereof.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">CLAIMS(11)</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">What is claimed is:</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">1. Apparatus for interconnecting a plurality of parallel fuses, the apparatus comprising:</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">(a) a column of fuse receptacles, each of the receptacles including first and second terminals;</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">(b) a first electrical conductor coupling together the first terminals of the receptacles and leading from a first end of the column of fuse receptacles; and</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">(c) a second electrical conductor substantially parallel in orientation with the first electrical conductor, the second electrical conductor coupling together the second terminals of the receptacles and leading from a second end, opposite the first end, of the column of fuse receptacles.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">2. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising:</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">(a) a second column of fuse receptacles that each include third and fourth terminals;</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">(b) a third electrical conductor coupling together the third terminals of the receptacles and leading from a first end of the second column of fuse receptacles; and</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">(c) a fourth electrical conductor substantially parallel in orientation with the third electrical conductor, the fourth electrical conductor coupling together the fourth teminals of the receptacles and leading from a second end, opposite the first end, of the second column of fuse receptacles.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">3. The apparatus of claim 2 further comprising first and second arrays of mating interfaces, wherein:</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">(a) each mating interface in the first array is coupled to an electrical conductor of a first plurality that includes the first and third electrical conductors;</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">(b) each mating interface in the second array is coupled to an electrical conductor of a second plurality that includes the second and fourth electrical conductors; and</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">(c) the first and second arrays are disposed at opposite ends of the matrix of fuse receptacles.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">4. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the fuse receptacles are oriented substantially parallel to each other.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">5. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein:</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">(a) the fuse receptacles are formed as recesses in a block of rigid, substantially non-conductive material; and</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">(b) the first and second terminals for each respective fuse receptacle are at opposite ends of a respective recess.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">6. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the fuse receptacles are configured to receive automotive fuses.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">7. Apparatus for fusing a plurality of electrical conduction paths, the apparatus comprising:</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">(a) a matrix of fuse receptacles having a plurality of columns and a plurality of rows, each receptacle having first and second terminals;</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">(b) a first plurality of electrical conductors coupling together the first terminals of the receptacles in each column; and</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">(c) a second plurality of electrical conductors coupling together the second terminal of the receptacles in each column;</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">whereby the fuse receptacles in each column are electrically connected in parallel.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">8. The apparatus of claim 7 further comprising first and second arrays of mating interfaces, wherein:</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">(a) each mating interface in the first array is coupled to an electrical conductor of the first plurality of electrical conductors;</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">(b) each mating interface in the second array is coupled to an electrical conductor of the second plurality of electrical conductors; and</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">(c) the first and second arrays are disposed at opposite ends of the matrix of fuse receptacles.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">9. The apparatus of claim 7 wherein the fuse receptacles are oriented substantially parallel to each other.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">10. The apparatus of claim 7 wherein:</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">(a) the fuse receptacles are formed as recesses in a block of rigid, substantially non-conductive material; and</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">(d) the first and second terminals for each respective fuse receptacle are at opposite ends of a respective recess.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">11. The apparatus of claim 7 wherein the fuse receptacles are configured to receive automotive fuses.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
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<span class="patent-section-title" style="font-size: 12pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: bold; line-height: 16pt; text-transform: uppercase;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">PATENT CITATIONS</span></span></div>
<table class="patent-data-table" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(209, 209, 209); border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; border-style: none none solid; margin: 10px 0px 0px 18px;"><thead class="patent-data-table-thead" style="font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; white-space: nowrap;">
<tr class="patent-data-table" style="border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(209, 209, 209); border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 18px; margin-top: 10px;"><th class="patent-data-table-th" style="border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(209, 209, 209); padding-right: 25px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Cited Patent</span></th><th class="patent-data-table-th" style="border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(209, 209, 209); padding-right: 25px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Filing date</span></th><th class="patent-data-table-th" style="border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(209, 209, 209); padding-right: 25px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Publication date</span></th><th class="patent-data-table-th" style="border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(209, 209, 209); padding-right: 25px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Applicant</span></th><th class="patent-data-table-th" style="border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(209, 209, 209); padding-right: 25px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Title</span></th></tr>
</thead><tbody>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://www.google.com/patents/US3573704" style="text-decoration-line: none;">US3573704</a><span aria-label="Cited by examiner" class="patent-tooltip-anchor" data-tooltip-text="Cited by examiner" data-tooltip="Cited by examiner" style="cursor: default;"> *</span></span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Jun 23, 1969</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Apr 6, 1971</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Gen Electric</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Flatline cable impedance matching adapter</span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://www.google.com/patents/US4372638" style="text-decoration-line: none;">US4372638</a><span aria-label="Cited by examiner" class="patent-tooltip-anchor" data-tooltip-text="Cited by examiner" data-tooltip="Cited by examiner" style="cursor: default;"> *</span></span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Feb 12, 1981</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Feb 8, 1983</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Sohler Lawrence J</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Electrical connector for tapping into a fuse block</span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.google.com/patents/US4687270" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: inherit;">US4687270</span></a></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Jul 18, 1986</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Aug 18, 1987</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">General Motors Corporation</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Fuse package</span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://www.google.com/patents/US4782245" style="text-decoration-line: none;">US4782245</a><span aria-label="Cited by examiner" class="patent-tooltip-anchor" data-tooltip-text="Cited by examiner" data-tooltip="Cited by examiner" style="cursor: default;"> *</span></span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Sep 14, 1987</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Nov 1, 1988</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Northern Telecom Limited</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Connecting and switching apparatus with selectable connections</span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.google.com/patents/US5013252" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: inherit;">US5013252</span></a></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">May 18, 1990</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">May 7, 1991</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Herman Miller, Inc.</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Electrified wall panel system</span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.google.com/patents/US5032092" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: inherit;">US5032092</span></a></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Dec 22, 1989</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Jul 16, 1991</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Connection Designs Corporation</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Power distribution block</span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://www.google.com/patents/US5108300" style="text-decoration-line: none;">US5108300</a><span aria-label="Cited by examiner" class="patent-tooltip-anchor" data-tooltip-text="Cited by examiner" data-tooltip="Cited by examiner" style="cursor: default;"> *</span></span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Apr 16, 1991</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Apr 28, 1992</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Amp Incorporated</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Electrical connector with interlocked components</span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.google.com/patents/US5203711" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: inherit;">US5203711</span></a></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Jun 16, 1992</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Apr 20, 1993</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Molex Incorporated</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Modular interchangeable power distribution system</span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.google.com/patents/US5252086" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: inherit;">US5252086</span></a></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">May 28, 1992</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Oct 12, 1993</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Steelcase Inc.</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Modular powerway with selectable receptacle</span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.google.com/patents/US5345210" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: inherit;">US5345210</span></a></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Jul 19, 1993</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Sep 6, 1994</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Littelfuse, Inc.</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Time delay fuse</span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://www.google.com/patents/US5362261" style="text-decoration-line: none;">US5362261</a><span aria-label="Cited by examiner" class="patent-tooltip-anchor" data-tooltip-text="Cited by examiner" data-tooltip="Cited by examiner" style="cursor: default;"> *</span></span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Jun 30, 1993</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Nov 8, 1994</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">The Whitaker Corporation</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Hybrid connector</span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://www.google.com/patents/US5407366" style="text-decoration-line: none;">US5407366</a><span aria-label="Cited by examiner" class="patent-tooltip-anchor" data-tooltip-text="Cited by examiner" data-tooltip="Cited by examiner" style="cursor: default;"> *</span></span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Jun 1, 1994</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Apr 18, 1995</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Amphenol Corporation</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Combination connector</span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://www.google.com/patents/US5514009" style="text-decoration-line: none;">US5514009</a><span aria-label="Cited by examiner" class="patent-tooltip-anchor" data-tooltip-text="Cited by examiner" data-tooltip="Cited by examiner" style="cursor: default;"> *</span></span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Jun 7, 1995</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">May 7, 1996</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Hughes; Michael T.</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Wiring harness adapter and method and apparatus for fabricating the same</span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://www.google.com/patents/US5540602" style="text-decoration-line: none;">US5540602</a><span aria-label="Cited by examiner" class="patent-tooltip-anchor" data-tooltip-text="Cited by examiner" data-tooltip="Cited by examiner" style="cursor: default;"> *</span></span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Jun 30, 1995</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Jul 30, 1996</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">The Whitaker Company</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Terminal junction block having commoned bus members</span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.google.com/patents/US5599190" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: inherit;">US5599190</span></a></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Jan 27, 1995</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Feb 4, 1997</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">The Whitaker Corporation</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Communication wiring system including a reconfigurable outlet assembly</span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.google.com/patents/US5655933" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: inherit;">US5655933</span></a></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">May 4, 1995</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Aug 12, 1997</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Molex Incorporated</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Power distribution system</span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.google.com/patents/US5755583" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: inherit;">US5755583</span></a></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Jun 14, 1993</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">May 26, 1998</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Mccarthy; David G.</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Modular electrical connector system</span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://www.google.com/patents/US5795193" style="text-decoration-line: none;">US5795193</a><span aria-label="Cited by examiner" class="patent-tooltip-anchor" data-tooltip-text="Cited by examiner" data-tooltip="Cited by examiner" style="cursor: default;"> *</span></span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Oct 23, 1996</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Aug 18, 1998</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Yazaki Corporation</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Power distribution box with busbar having bolt retaining means</span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.google.com/patents/US5915984" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: inherit;">US5915984</span></a></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Aug 26, 1996</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Jun 29, 1999</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Dekko Engineering, Inc.</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Modular electrical outlet and connector assembly</span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://www.google.com/patents/US6352447" style="text-decoration-line: none;">US6352447</a><span aria-label="Cited by examiner" class="patent-tooltip-anchor" data-tooltip-text="Cited by examiner" data-tooltip="Cited by examiner" style="cursor: default;"> *</span></span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Mar 24, 2000</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Mar 5, 2002</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Techsonic Industries, Inc.</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Cable bundle connector</span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://www.google.com/patents/US20030036316" style="text-decoration-line: none;">US20030036316</a><span aria-label="Cited by examiner" class="patent-tooltip-anchor" data-tooltip-text="Cited by examiner" data-tooltip="Cited by examiner" style="cursor: default;"> *</span></span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Jul 24, 2002</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Feb 20, 2003</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Sumitomo Wiring Systems, Ltd.</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Connector and method for constructing a connector</span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.google.com/patents/EP0455398A2?cl=en" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: inherit;">EP0455398A2</span></a></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Apr 23, 1991</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Nov 6, 1991</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Edison Fusegear, Inc.</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Electrical fuses</span></td></tr>
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<span class="patent-section-title" style="font-size: 12pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: bold; line-height: 16pt; text-transform: uppercase;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">NON-PATENT CITATIONS</span></span></div>
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<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">1</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">PC 4200/4400/4800/6600 Owner's Manual. PrecisionPower, Inc. Undated.</span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">2</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Printed from <http://www.audiocontrol.com/images/AudCon_Product/Eql.jpg on Feb. 26, 2001.</span></td></tr>
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<span class="patent-section-title" style="font-size: 12pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: bold; line-height: 16pt; text-transform: uppercase;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">REFERENCED BY</span></span></div>
<table class="patent-data-table" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(209, 209, 209); border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; border-style: none none solid; margin: 10px 0px 0px 18px;"><thead class="patent-data-table-thead" style="font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; white-space: nowrap;">
<tr class="patent-data-table" style="border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(209, 209, 209); border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 18px; margin-top: 10px;"><th class="patent-data-table-th" style="border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(209, 209, 209); padding-right: 25px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Citing Patent</span></th><th class="patent-data-table-th" style="border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(209, 209, 209); padding-right: 25px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Filing date</span></th><th class="patent-data-table-th" style="border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(209, 209, 209); padding-right: 25px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Publication date</span></th><th class="patent-data-table-th" style="border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(209, 209, 209); padding-right: 25px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Applicant</span></th><th class="patent-data-table-th" style="border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(209, 209, 209); padding-right: 25px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Title</span></th></tr>
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<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://www.google.com/patents/US6976885" style="text-decoration-line: none;">US6976885</a><span aria-label="Cited by examiner" class="patent-tooltip-anchor" data-tooltip-text="Cited by examiner" data-tooltip="Cited by examiner" style="cursor: default;"> *</span></span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Mar 2, 2004</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Dec 20, 2005</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Mobility Electronics, Inc.</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Keyed universal power tip and power source connectors</span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://www.google.com/patents/US7064520" style="text-decoration-line: none;">US7064520</a><span aria-label="Cited by examiner" class="patent-tooltip-anchor" data-tooltip-text="Cited by examiner" data-tooltip="Cited by examiner" style="cursor: default;"> *</span></span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Oct 15, 2004</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Jun 20, 2006</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Hilti Aktiengesellschaft</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Electrical connection arrangement for hand-held tools with auxiliary devices</span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://www.google.com/patents/US7153169" style="text-decoration-line: none;">US7153169</a><span aria-label="Cited by examiner" class="patent-tooltip-anchor" data-tooltip-text="Cited by examiner" data-tooltip="Cited by examiner" style="cursor: default;"> *</span></span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Dec 14, 2005</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Dec 26, 2006</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Mobility Electronics, Inc.</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Power compatible universal power tip</span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://www.google.com/patents/US7223129" style="text-decoration-line: none;">US7223129</a><span aria-label="Cited by examiner" class="patent-tooltip-anchor" data-tooltip-text="Cited by examiner" data-tooltip="Cited by examiner" style="cursor: default;"> *</span></span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Dec 23, 2005</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">May 29, 2007</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Aamp Of Florida, Inc.</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Vehicle power system with wire size adapter</span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.google.com/patents/US7338330" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: inherit;">US7338330</span></a></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Dec 23, 2005</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Mar 4, 2008</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Aamp Of Florida, Inc.</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Vehicle power system with integrated graphics display</span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://www.google.com/patents/US7394667" style="text-decoration-line: none;">US7394667</a><span aria-label="Cited by examiner" class="patent-tooltip-anchor" data-tooltip-text="Cited by examiner" data-tooltip="Cited by examiner" style="cursor: default;"> *</span></span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Mar 30, 2005</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Jul 1, 2008</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Emerson Network Power - Embedded Computing, Inc.</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">High density power distribution unit</span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.google.com/patents/US7701309" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: inherit;">US7701309</span></a></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Aug 2, 2006</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Apr 20, 2010</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Extreme Broadband Engineering, Llc</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Power inserter module</span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.google.com/patents/US7727005" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: inherit;">US7727005</span></a></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Jan 28, 2009</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Jun 1, 2010</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Comarco Wireless Technologies, Inc.</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Key coded power adapter connectors</span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://www.google.com/patents/US7727031" style="text-decoration-line: none;">US7727031</a><span aria-label="Cited by examiner" class="patent-tooltip-anchor" data-tooltip-text="Cited by examiner" data-tooltip="Cited by examiner" style="cursor: default;"> *</span></span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Dec 19, 2006</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Jun 1, 2010</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Igo, Inc.</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Power converter connector having power rating for portable electronic devices</span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://www.google.com/patents/US7744393" style="text-decoration-line: none;">US7744393</a><span aria-label="Cited by examiner" class="patent-tooltip-anchor" data-tooltip-text="Cited by examiner" data-tooltip="Cited by examiner" style="cursor: default;"> *</span></span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Apr 3, 2009</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Jun 29, 2010</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Coninvers Gmbh</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Codable motor connector</span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://www.google.com/patents/US7942703" style="text-decoration-line: none;">US7942703</a><span aria-label="Cited by examiner" class="patent-tooltip-anchor" data-tooltip-text="Cited by examiner" data-tooltip="Cited by examiner" style="cursor: default;"> *</span></span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Apr 8, 2009</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">May 17, 2011</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Raytheon Company</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Methods and apparatus for a modular utility connection system</span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.google.com/patents/US8092261" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: inherit;">US8092261</span></a></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">May 4, 2010</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Jan 10, 2012</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Igo, Inc.</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Connector shaped as a function of its power rating</span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://www.google.com/patents/US8210880" style="text-decoration-line: none;">US8210880</a><span aria-label="Cited by examiner" class="patent-tooltip-anchor" data-tooltip-text="Cited by examiner" data-tooltip="Cited by examiner" style="cursor: default;"> *</span></span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Dec 31, 2009</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Jul 3, 2012</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Concraft Holding Co., Ltd.</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Electrical connector assembly and adapter module</span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.google.com/patents/US8354760" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: inherit;">US8354760</span></a></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Oct 28, 2009</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Jan 15, 2013</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Comarco Wireless Technologies, Inc.</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Power supply equipment to simultaneously power multiple electronic device</span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://www.google.com/patents/US8708750" style="text-decoration-line: none;">US8708750</a><span aria-label="Cited by examiner" class="patent-tooltip-anchor" data-tooltip-text="Cited by examiner" data-tooltip="Cited by examiner" style="cursor: default;"> *</span></span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">May 21, 2012</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Apr 29, 2014</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Molex Incorporated</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Combo connector</span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://www.google.com/patents/US8911246" style="text-decoration-line: none;">US8911246</a><span aria-label="Cited by examiner" class="patent-tooltip-anchor" data-tooltip-text="Cited by examiner" data-tooltip="Cited by examiner" style="cursor: default;"> *</span></span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Feb 23, 2012</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Dec 16, 2014</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Jeffrey D. Carnevali</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Universal adaptor mount for a docking station</span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://www.google.com/patents/US8926349" style="text-decoration-line: none;">US8926349</a><span aria-label="Cited by examiner" class="patent-tooltip-anchor" data-tooltip-text="Cited by examiner" data-tooltip="Cited by examiner" style="cursor: default;"> *</span></span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Jun 14, 2012</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Jan 6, 2015</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Jeffrey D. Carnevali</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Universal adaptor mount for a docking station</span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://www.google.com/patents/US9203168" style="text-decoration-line: none;">US9203168</a><span aria-label="Cited by examiner" class="patent-tooltip-anchor" data-tooltip-text="Cited by examiner" data-tooltip="Cited by examiner" style="cursor: default;"> *</span></span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Jul 16, 2014</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Dec 1, 2015</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Airbus Operations (Sas)</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Power breaker strip for the fixed-pitch connection of several electrical cables lines</span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.google.com/patents/US9490095" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: inherit;">US9490095</span></a></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Jan 11, 2011</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Nov 8, 2016</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Yazaki Corporation</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Fusible link unit</span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://www.google.com/patents/US20050082920" style="text-decoration-line: none;">US20050082920</a><span aria-label="Cited by examiner" class="patent-tooltip-anchor" data-tooltip-text="Cited by examiner" data-tooltip="Cited by examiner" style="cursor: default;"> *</span></span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Oct 15, 2004</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Apr 21, 2005</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Bernd Heigl</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Electrical connection arrangement for hand-held tools with auxiliary devices</span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://www.google.com/patents/US20050197018" style="text-decoration-line: none;">US20050197018</a><span aria-label="Cited by examiner" class="patent-tooltip-anchor" data-tooltip-text="Cited by examiner" data-tooltip="Cited by examiner" style="cursor: default;"> *</span></span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Mar 2, 2004</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Sep 8, 2005</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Charles Lord</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Keyed universal power tip and power source connectors</span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://www.google.com/patents/US20060094302" style="text-decoration-line: none;">US20060094302</a><span aria-label="Cited by examiner" class="patent-tooltip-anchor" data-tooltip-text="Cited by examiner" data-tooltip="Cited by examiner" style="cursor: default;"> *</span></span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Dec 14, 2005</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">May 4, 2006</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Charles Lord</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Power compatible universal power tip</span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://www.google.com/patents/US20060183381" style="text-decoration-line: none;">US20060183381</a><span aria-label="Cited by examiner" class="patent-tooltip-anchor" data-tooltip-text="Cited by examiner" data-tooltip="Cited by examiner" style="cursor: default;"> *</span></span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Apr 7, 2006</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Aug 17, 2006</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Comarco Wireless Technologies</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Key coded power adapter connectors</span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://www.google.com/patents/US20060227474" style="text-decoration-line: none;">US20060227474</a><span aria-label="Cited by examiner" class="patent-tooltip-anchor" data-tooltip-text="Cited by examiner" data-tooltip="Cited by examiner" style="cursor: default;"> *</span></span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Mar 30, 2005</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Oct 12, 2006</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Kelly John H</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">High density power distribution unit</span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://www.google.com/patents/US20070040948" style="text-decoration-line: none;">US20070040948</a><span aria-label="Cited by examiner" class="patent-tooltip-anchor" data-tooltip-text="Cited by examiner" data-tooltip="Cited by examiner" style="cursor: default;"> *</span></span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Aug 2, 2006</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Feb 22, 2007</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Shapson Jay F</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Power inserter module</span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://www.google.com/patents/US20070099519" style="text-decoration-line: none;">US20070099519</a><span aria-label="Cited by examiner" class="patent-tooltip-anchor" data-tooltip-text="Cited by examiner" data-tooltip="Cited by examiner" style="cursor: default;"> *</span></span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Dec 19, 2006</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">May 3, 2007</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Charles Lord</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Power compatible universal power tip</span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://www.google.com/patents/US20070167085" style="text-decoration-line: none;">US20070167085</a><span aria-label="Cited by examiner" class="patent-tooltip-anchor" data-tooltip-text="Cited by examiner" data-tooltip="Cited by examiner" style="cursor: default;"> *</span></span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Dec 23, 2005</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Jul 19, 2007</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Aamp Of Florida, Inc.</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Vehicle power system with integrated graphics display</span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://www.google.com/patents/US20080266759" style="text-decoration-line: none;">US20080266759</a><span aria-label="Cited by examiner" class="patent-tooltip-anchor" data-tooltip-text="Cited by examiner" data-tooltip="Cited by examiner" style="cursor: default;"> *</span></span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Jul 1, 2008</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Oct 30, 2008</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Emerson Network Power - Embedded Computing, Inc.</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">High density power distribution unit</span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://www.google.com/patents/US20090251015" style="text-decoration-line: none;">US20090251015</a><span aria-label="Cited by examiner" class="patent-tooltip-anchor" data-tooltip-text="Cited by examiner" data-tooltip="Cited by examiner" style="cursor: default;"> *</span></span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Apr 3, 2009</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Oct 8, 2009</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Coninvers Gmbh</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Codable motor connector</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://www.google.com/patents/EP2107649B1?cl=en" style="text-decoration-line: none;">EP2107649B1</a><span aria-label="Cited by examiner" class="patent-tooltip-anchor" data-tooltip-text="Cited by examiner" data-tooltip="Cited by examiner" style="cursor: default;"> *</span></span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Mar 25, 2009</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Aug 24, 2016</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">PHOENIX CONTACT Connector Technology GmbH</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Encodable motor connector</span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://www.google.com/patents/EP2637194A1?cl=en" style="text-decoration-line: none;">EP2637194A1</a><span aria-label="Cited by examiner" class="patent-tooltip-anchor" data-tooltip-text="Cited by examiner" data-tooltip="Cited by examiner" style="cursor: default;"> *</span></span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Jan 31, 2013</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Sep 11, 2013</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Sumitomo Wiring Systems, Ltd.</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Method for manufacturing junction box, junction box, and cut switch</span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://www.google.com/patents/WO2007021542A2?cl=en" style="text-decoration-line: none;">WO2007021542A2</a><span aria-label="Cited by examiner" class="patent-tooltip-anchor" data-tooltip-text="Cited by examiner" data-tooltip="Cited by examiner" style="cursor: default;"> *</span></span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Aug 2, 2006</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Feb 22, 2007</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Extreme Broadband Engineering, Llc</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Power inserter module</span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://www.google.com/patents/WO2007021542A3?cl=en" style="text-decoration-line: none;">WO2007021542A3</a><span aria-label="Cited by examiner" class="patent-tooltip-anchor" data-tooltip-text="Cited by examiner" data-tooltip="Cited by examiner" style="cursor: default;"> *</span></span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Aug 2, 2006</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Dec 6, 2007</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Extreme Broadband Engineering</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Power inserter module</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="patent-section-footer" style="margin-left: 18px;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">* Cited by examiner</span></div>
</div>
<div class="patent-section patent-tabular-section" style="clear: both; font-size: 13.28px; margin-top: 20px;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" id="classifications"></a></span><br /></span>
<br />
<div class="patent-section-header" style="margin-bottom: 1em;">
<span class="patent-section-title" style="font-size: 12pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: bold; line-height: 16pt; text-transform: uppercase;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">CLASSIFICATIONS</span></span></div>
<table class="patent-data-table" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(209, 209, 209); border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; border-style: none none solid; margin: 10px 0px 0px 18px;"><thead class="patent-data-table-thead" style="font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; white-space: nowrap;">
<tr class="patent-data-table" style="border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(209, 209, 209); border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 18px; margin-top: 10px;"><th class="patent-data-table-th" style="border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(209, 209, 209); padding-right: 25px;"></th><th class="patent-data-table-th" style="border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(209, 209, 209); padding-right: 25px;"></th></tr>
</thead><tbody>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">U.S. Classification</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><span class="nested-value"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?id=RJ1mBAABERAJ&q=http://www.uspto.gov/web/patents/classification/uspc439/defs439.htm&usg=AFQjCNGRUBDlIORIREC9lh3gU-e5LKYcrg#C439S620010" saprocessedanchor="true" style="text-decoration-line: none;">439/620.01</a></span>, <span class="nested-value"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?id=RJ1mBAABERAJ&q=http://www.uspto.gov/web/patents/classification/uspc439/defs439.htm&usg=AFQjCNGRUBDlIORIREC9lh3gU-e5LKYcrg#C439S723000" saprocessedanchor="true" style="text-decoration-line: none;">439/723</a></span></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">International Classification</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><span class="nested-value"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?id=RJ1mBAABERAJ&q=http://web2.wipo.int/ipcpub/&usg=AFQjCNER44F5jlVoswCkvW3YEcB5lW4moA#refresh=page&notion=scheme&version=20130101&symbol=H01R0013187000" saprocessedanchor="true" style="text-decoration-line: none;">H01R13/187</a></span>, <span class="nested-value"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?id=RJ1mBAABERAJ&q=http://web2.wipo.int/ipcpub/&usg=AFQjCNER44F5jlVoswCkvW3YEcB5lW4moA#refresh=page&notion=scheme&version=20130101&symbol=H01R0013717000" saprocessedanchor="true" style="text-decoration-line: none;">H01R13/717</a></span>, <span class="nested-value"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?id=RJ1mBAABERAJ&q=http://web2.wipo.int/ipcpub/&usg=AFQjCNER44F5jlVoswCkvW3YEcB5lW4moA#refresh=page&notion=scheme&version=20130101&symbol=H01R0013000000" saprocessedanchor="true" style="text-decoration-line: none;">H01R13/00</a></span>, <span class="nested-value"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?id=RJ1mBAABERAJ&q=http://web2.wipo.int/ipcpub/&usg=AFQjCNER44F5jlVoswCkvW3YEcB5lW4moA#refresh=page&notion=scheme&version=20130101&symbol=H01R0013030000" saprocessedanchor="true" style="text-decoration-line: none;">H01R13/03</a></span>, <span class="nested-value"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?id=RJ1mBAABERAJ&q=http://web2.wipo.int/ipcpub/&usg=AFQjCNER44F5jlVoswCkvW3YEcB5lW4moA#refresh=page&notion=scheme&version=20130101&symbol=H01R0013680000" saprocessedanchor="true" style="text-decoration-line: none;">H01R13/68</a></span>, <span class="nested-value"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?id=RJ1mBAABERAJ&q=http://web2.wipo.int/ipcpub/&usg=AFQjCNER44F5jlVoswCkvW3YEcB5lW4moA#refresh=page&notion=scheme&version=20130101&symbol=H01H0085460000" saprocessedanchor="true" style="text-decoration-line: none;">H01H85/46</a></span>, <span class="nested-value"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?id=RJ1mBAABERAJ&q=http://web2.wipo.int/ipcpub/&usg=AFQjCNER44F5jlVoswCkvW3YEcB5lW4moA#refresh=page&notion=scheme&version=20130101&symbol=H01R0009240000" saprocessedanchor="true" style="text-decoration-line: none;">H01R9/24</a></span></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Cooperative Classification</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><span class="nested-value"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?id=RJ1mBAABERAJ&q=http://worldwide.espacenet.com/classification&usg=AFQjCNGs5WqSrPE3A4ZP63zGuM6PRNfEFA#!/CPC=H01R2201/26" saprocessedanchor="true" style="text-decoration-line: none;">H01R2201/26</a></span>, <span class="nested-value"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?id=RJ1mBAABERAJ&q=http://worldwide.espacenet.com/classification&usg=AFQjCNGs5WqSrPE3A4ZP63zGuM6PRNfEFA#!/CPC=H01R9/2491" saprocessedanchor="true" style="text-decoration-line: none;">H01R9/2491</a></span>, <span class="nested-value"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?id=RJ1mBAABERAJ&q=http://worldwide.espacenet.com/classification&usg=AFQjCNGs5WqSrPE3A4ZP63zGuM6PRNfEFA#!/CPC=H01R13/005" saprocessedanchor="true" style="text-decoration-line: none;">H01R13/005</a></span>, <span class="nested-value"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?id=RJ1mBAABERAJ&q=http://worldwide.espacenet.com/classification&usg=AFQjCNGs5WqSrPE3A4ZP63zGuM6PRNfEFA#!/CPC=H01H85/46" saprocessedanchor="true" style="text-decoration-line: none;">H01H85/46</a></span>, <span class="nested-value"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?id=RJ1mBAABERAJ&q=http://worldwide.espacenet.com/classification&usg=AFQjCNGs5WqSrPE3A4ZP63zGuM6PRNfEFA#!/CPC=H01R13/717" saprocessedanchor="true" style="text-decoration-line: none;">H01R13/717</a></span>, <span class="nested-value"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?id=RJ1mBAABERAJ&q=http://worldwide.espacenet.com/classification&usg=AFQjCNGs5WqSrPE3A4ZP63zGuM6PRNfEFA#!/CPC=H01R13/7175" saprocessedanchor="true" style="text-decoration-line: none;">H01R13/7175</a></span>, <span class="nested-value"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?id=RJ1mBAABERAJ&q=http://worldwide.espacenet.com/classification&usg=AFQjCNGs5WqSrPE3A4ZP63zGuM6PRNfEFA#!/CPC=H01R13/68" saprocessedanchor="true" style="text-decoration-line: none;">H01R13/68</a></span>, <span class="nested-value"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?id=RJ1mBAABERAJ&q=http://worldwide.espacenet.com/classification&usg=AFQjCNGs5WqSrPE3A4ZP63zGuM6PRNfEFA#!/CPC=H01R9/2458" saprocessedanchor="true" style="text-decoration-line: none;">H01R9/2458</a></span>, <span class="nested-value"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?id=RJ1mBAABERAJ&q=http://worldwide.espacenet.com/classification&usg=AFQjCNGs5WqSrPE3A4ZP63zGuM6PRNfEFA#!/CPC=H01R13/03" saprocessedanchor="true" style="text-decoration-line: none;">H01R13/03</a></span>, <span class="nested-value"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?id=RJ1mBAABERAJ&q=http://worldwide.espacenet.com/classification&usg=AFQjCNGs5WqSrPE3A4ZP63zGuM6PRNfEFA#!/CPC=H01R13/187" saprocessedanchor="true" style="text-decoration-line: none;">H01R13/187</a></span>, <span class="nested-value"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?id=RJ1mBAABERAJ&q=http://worldwide.espacenet.com/classification&usg=AFQjCNGs5WqSrPE3A4ZP63zGuM6PRNfEFA#!/CPC=H01H2085/2075" saprocessedanchor="true" style="text-decoration-line: none;">H01H2085/2075</a></span></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">European Classification</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><span class="nested-value">H01R13/00C</span>, <span class="nested-value">H01R9/24E</span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="patent-section-footer" style="margin-left: 18px;">
</div>
</div>
<div class="patent-section patent-tabular-section" style="clear: both; font-size: 13.28px; margin-top: 20px;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" id="legal-events"></a></span><br /></span>
<br />
<div class="patent-section-header" style="margin-bottom: 1em;">
<span class="patent-section-title" style="font-size: 12pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: bold; line-height: 16pt; text-transform: uppercase;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">LEGAL EVENTS</span></span></div>
<table class="patent-data-table" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(209, 209, 209); border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; border-style: none none solid; margin: 10px 0px 0px 18px;"><thead class="patent-data-table-thead" style="font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; white-space: nowrap;">
<tr class="patent-data-table" style="border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(209, 209, 209); border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 18px; margin-top: 10px;"><th class="patent-data-table-th" style="border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(209, 209, 209); padding-right: 25px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Date</span></th><th class="patent-data-table-th" style="border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(209, 209, 209); padding-right: 25px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Code</span></th><th class="patent-data-table-th" style="border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(209, 209, 209); padding-right: 25px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Event</span></th><th class="patent-data-table-th" style="border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(209, 209, 209); padding-right: 25px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Description</span></th></tr>
</thead><tbody>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Feb 28, 2001</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">AS</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Assignment</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><div class="nested-key-value" style="margin-bottom: 4px;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><span class="nested-key" style="font-weight: bolder;">Owner name: </span><span class="nested-value">IXOS LIMITED, UNITED KINGDOM</span></span></div>
<div class="nested-key-value" style="margin-bottom: 4px;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><span class="nested-key" style="font-weight: bolder;">Free format text: </span><span class="nested-value">ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:LOPEZ, ALBERTO A.;REEL/FRAME:011567/0625</span></span></div>
<div class="nested-key-value" style="margin-bottom: 4px;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><span class="nested-key" style="font-weight: bolder;">Effective date: </span><span class="nested-value">20001107</span></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Nov 2, 2007</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">FPAY</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Fee payment</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><div class="nested-key-value" style="margin-bottom: 4px;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><span class="nested-key" style="font-weight: bolder;">Year of fee payment: </span><span class="nested-value">4</span></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Jan 23, 2012</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">REMI</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Maintenance fee reminder mailed</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">May 21, 2012</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">SULP</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Surcharge for late payment</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><div class="nested-key-value" style="margin-bottom: 4px;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><span class="nested-key" style="font-weight: bolder;">Year of fee payment: </span><span class="nested-value">7</span></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">May 21, 2012</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">FPAY</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Fee payment</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><div class="nested-key-value" style="margin-bottom: 4px;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><span class="nested-key" style="font-weight: bolder;">Year of fee payment: </span><span class="nested-value">8</span></span></div>
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<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Jan 15, 2016</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">REMI</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Maintenance fee reminder mailed</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Jun 8, 2016</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">LAPS</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Jul 26, 2016</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">FP</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><div class="nested-key-value" style="margin-bottom: 4px;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><span class="nested-key" style="font-weight: bolder;">Effective date: </span><span class="nested-value">20160608</span></span></div>
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</div>
albertoalopezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01993782226348320330noreply@blogger.com0Phoenix, AZ, USA33.4483771 -112.0740372999999932.6020036 -113.36493079999998 34.2947506 -110.78314379999999tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5773772622008994113.post-54060461691208103312017-08-10T15:10:00.001-04:002017-08-10T15:10:24.384-04:00From Mississippi to Nebraska<span style="font-size: large;">Surprised, I said "what the hell are you guys doing there?"</span> I opened the garage's overhead door when I saw the two guys who had just left their car for me to work on the day before. This was a custom installation that would take many days. So when I saw the them coming out from behind a tree, in the middle of the Nebraska winter, at seven in the morning, I was stunned to say the least. The two guys told me they had slept outdoors the night before. "The whole night?" I asked. They went on to explain that they had no money left for a hotel. These guys had come from Minnesota for me to work on their car and had spent all the money they had on my work. I couldn't believe it.<br />
I know it sounds crazy. So if you don't believe it either, I don't blame you. But the truth is that, during the golden years at Stereo West, I had people come from very far away. They were looking for help. While some needed complete installations, the best and most notable vehicles needed my help for two things: either eliminating noise or completely overhauling their sound performance. These special vehicles already had elaborate installations by some of the best craftsmen in the industry. Yet, my reputation for having the understanding of the physics behind sound quality and for sporting a pair of golden ears, meant that I got an exclusive opportunity to peek behind the scenes of incredible sound systems.<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyFPMiyJAulypyYNV9vyleyLjUxiAIDrA3syAUs1R3zJsTSuF2PqQ-xJWK5amhHGq_4f2J_BQSa_f6BI0fNMkHzDwbKrOl6YbbFf2E3S0RGJ1bK6TNNQOSSyIQ8-840hkcmIpG9Hw-Zfap/s1600/John+Stubbs+1993+Toyota+4x4++%25289%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="picture of John Stubbs in front of his 1993 Toyota 4x4" border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyFPMiyJAulypyYNV9vyleyLjUxiAIDrA3syAUs1R3zJsTSuF2PqQ-xJWK5amhHGq_4f2J_BQSa_f6BI0fNMkHzDwbKrOl6YbbFf2E3S0RGJ1bK6TNNQOSSyIQ8-840hkcmIpG9Hw-Zfap/s320/John+Stubbs+1993+Toyota+4x4++%25289%2529.jpg" title="I loved working in John's truck. I feel privileged to have met him." width="304" /></a>Such was the case with John Stubbs. I guess he had taken a sabbatical from the police force in Mississippi to come to hang out with us to Nebraska. It is very easy to like John. He's an honest, transparent, and charismatic guy with a great sense of humor. The time we spend together was very memorable indeed.<br />
Before heading our way, John had the guys at Pro Audio in Mississippi build an incredible instal for his truck. The system had the USAC solid construction blended with the IASCA beauty. But many trucks are notably difficult for good sound quality performance; especially those where you stuff a huge woofer box behind the front seats.<br />
This was a different era in sound quality. The midget-sized-instruments on top of the dash that are so common today were not acceptable back then. Today, poor judging describes such affect as good imaging specificity. Back then, we just called it what it is: funny midgets on the dash; not real music.<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheySM6QonphYtSpDwh9wNfhsKezToeitOh8GM9mgFKGjTye9VlzslJFd5Nros1sSllsZAH6VXG6DCeWR9cMlp4RzxPLCWFHk9bUTeYaofTOFgzUrZydSS7LFX08R4oQ9rF8yo0jt6N8g8m/s1600/John+Stubbs+1993+Toyota+4x4++%25284%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img alt="picture of John Stubbs' kick panel inside of his 1993 Toyota 4x4, with protective grills" border="0" height="181" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheySM6QonphYtSpDwh9wNfhsKezToeitOh8GM9mgFKGjTye9VlzslJFd5Nros1sSllsZAH6VXG6DCeWR9cMlp4RzxPLCWFHk9bUTeYaofTOFgzUrZydSS7LFX08R4oQ9rF8yo0jt6N8g8m/s200/John+Stubbs+1993+Toyota+4x4++%25284%2529.jpg" title="" width="200" /></a>We were looking to achieve large, realistic images over a well-defined stage. While kick panels can get you close, there is only one kick panel layout that takes into consideration the low-pass phase-lag created by crossovers. If you look close at most of our competition cars, you will see such magical layout. I once looked into patenting it before I realized it would be expensive with no reward from the effort. I believe that the only other high profile competitor ever to use a similar setup was <a href="http://photobucket.com/gallery/user/imjustjason/media/bWVkaWFJZDozMDE5ODE0Ng==/?ref=" target="_blank">Chad Klodner in his incredible red Mustang</a>.<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8hcgKJOt1OHSZKwI4owoQvTutFSN-2kYngot3-RP0B7eHe9PpcGi-9TdXr4MmpQkPn0InA29r0nVgTCUMvGYBUOvdwOrpH7vO-zEmeDvuZ44m0FNeCHn27pBuK6ZzPW5SlqBNhtDelbeo/s1600/John+Stubbs+1993+Toyota+4x4++%25285%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img alt="picture of John Stubbs' kick panel inside of his 1993 Toyota 4x4, without protective grills" border="0" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8hcgKJOt1OHSZKwI4owoQvTutFSN-2kYngot3-RP0B7eHe9PpcGi-9TdXr4MmpQkPn0InA29r0nVgTCUMvGYBUOvdwOrpH7vO-zEmeDvuZ44m0FNeCHn27pBuK6ZzPW5SlqBNhtDelbeo/s200/John+Stubbs+1993+Toyota+4x4++%25285%2529.jpg" title="" width="200" /></a>After changing his front stage for our magical kick-panel set up with built in a-periodic enclosures behind the mids, the mid-bass image kept giving us trouble. Mathematically, it takes only a simple calculation to see that midbass in the doors will tend to cancel with a wide 'Q' centered around 250Hz.<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzM3VEaiVi25Qwbg_DwrxPpsHajq1QGxe53ZuSkYQ3WtrjKnEW_2Y8yJhPhyphenhyphenNyYvwFPTcM_m_rli7Y4p_EmerSlYxqUP7AhixpOvyIytSu8VLxXsPJCrbRIOpwX8xoC5r7o5Rb1Ztr6x5Q/s1600/John+Stubbs+1993+Toyota+4x4++%25287%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="picture of John Stubbs' door panel inside of his 1993 Toyota 4x4, without protective grills" border="0" height="183" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzM3VEaiVi25Qwbg_DwrxPpsHajq1QGxe53ZuSkYQ3WtrjKnEW_2Y8yJhPhyphenhyphenNyYvwFPTcM_m_rli7Y4p_EmerSlYxqUP7AhixpOvyIytSu8VLxXsPJCrbRIOpwX8xoC5r7o5Rb1Ztr6x5Q/s200/John+Stubbs+1993+Toyota+4x4++%25287%2529.jpg" title="" width="200" /></a>So I decided to borrow a positive characteristic of waveguides: energy dispersion control. I theorize that mounting the midbass drivers backwards would make their sound disperse in a similar fashion to convex domes with phase plugs in front of them.<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgu2wHNbMststRC_a2V3SlUpKAlfInNcuqTb8bnFSg-bOAJk3ZDJQxoI8l7rZiHCghB3iWy9z60KdxVm4-wQdKxP7XTCS106z7ad9wK8iLp0a2IXe2TWYp7xp6nIIMLsqopky_WhfQBl1Fx/s1600/John+Stubbs+1993+Toyota+4x4++%25286%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="picture of John Stubbs' door panel inside of his 1993 Toyota 4x4, with protective grills" border="0" height="181" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgu2wHNbMststRC_a2V3SlUpKAlfInNcuqTb8bnFSg-bOAJk3ZDJQxoI8l7rZiHCghB3iWy9z60KdxVm4-wQdKxP7XTCS106z7ad9wK8iLp0a2IXe2TWYp7xp6nIIMLsqopky_WhfQBl1Fx/s200/John+Stubbs+1993+Toyota+4x4++%25286%2529.jpg" title="" width="200" /></a>Everyone remembers the 3/4" titanium MB Quart domes that could produce 20kHz in any direction. I used to say that you could point them to the toilet and still get 20KHz on the RTA. Their performance results from their phase plug redirecting energy omnidirectionally. I was hoping that the magnet structure would do the same to the back of the cone of the mid-bass drivers in the doors. Incredibly, while the effect wasn't absolutely perfect, it did a very good job. It was the best midbass set up I ever did on a door.<br />
Yet, I must admit that I never again placed midbass speakers on the doors. I have a hard time settling for almost good enough. At the end of the day we all learn from what we do. I loved working in John's truck. Looking back, I can comfortably say that I feel privileged to have met him.<br />
Following is a transcript of the feature article on his struck as it appeared in the annual '96 edition of Mobile Sound Competition. Enjoy!<br />
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">High Roller</span></b></div>
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<b><i>Mobile Sound Competition '96 Annual </i></b></div>
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<b><i>Staff Writer</i></b></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivxKpkvvkjgJI6bMj_nMsV1gnMh0fmSDlm4xxbh0GQAC4GPpB0PUb6RQKBPdsTaxnrs50zLFU8Sk8-V25Oo1k9y3BPMloEY-CqkNQWIoDGrxcK4JNNylx5R3kU67WZWZztf620G4JHQNeI/s1600/John+Stubbs+1993+Toyota+4x4++%252811%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img alt="picture of John Stubbs' 1993 Toyota 4x4" border="0" height="189" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivxKpkvvkjgJI6bMj_nMsV1gnMh0fmSDlm4xxbh0GQAC4GPpB0PUb6RQKBPdsTaxnrs50zLFU8Sk8-V25Oo1k9y3BPMloEY-CqkNQWIoDGrxcK4JNNylx5R3kU67WZWZztf620G4JHQNeI/s320/John+Stubbs+1993+Toyota+4x4++%252811%2529.jpg" title="" width="320" /></a>When you think of USAC competition, think of John Stubbs of Florence, Mississippi. He and his 1993 Toyota 4x4 have been making quite a ruckus the last few years in USAC circles, and it looks as though he's ready to make more noise in '96.</div>
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When John first got started in a Novice competition in 1992, he knew that this was his gig. He teamed up with US AC competition masters Pro Audio in Richmond, Mississippi, to integrate a no-holds-barred competition system that later proved to be the ring leader.</div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMAhG2tvRNkSLSaeiU0ok20dsRWfyVwN7-X16Z9v4zk5WS3v5ttVZJDTWbZJMCGz4zRcPOPoWTG9WdbF9tIL9j-6CkqGlZAQk2vslHiVsqKXF7w1XSdMEMDkRhFCigJpadR3irZkEnW4Rw/s1600/John+Stubbs+1993+Toyota+4x4++%25283%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="picture of the back of John Stubbs in front of his 1993 Toyota 4x4, with motorized back window open and motorized amp rack open" border="0" height="267" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMAhG2tvRNkSLSaeiU0ok20dsRWfyVwN7-X16Z9v4zk5WS3v5ttVZJDTWbZJMCGz4zRcPOPoWTG9WdbF9tIL9j-6CkqGlZAQk2vslHiVsqKXF7w1XSdMEMDkRhFCigJpadR3irZkEnW4Rw/s320/John+Stubbs+1993+Toyota+4x4++%25283%2529.jpg" title="" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
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John Stubbs diamond-plate "toolbox" houses four amplifiers </div>
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—two Kicker 200si's and two 50si's.</div>
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A seemingly simple equipment layout was chosen with components from Clarion and Kicker. Clarion's Pro Audio 7770 was installed in the dash and sends its signal to a Clarion 920 EQ in-dash 9-band equalizer. Two Kicker 200sI and two 50si amplifiers were installed in the bed of the truck in what appears to be nothing other than a simple, diamond plate tool bin. A look inside, however, reveals that it is a center of electronics and amplification.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlPFbJJP9MU3vZXbag-onOorFnpR0eLz5omRfbhYlPpA7HbS_XOA9jOARZ7zvEYPoVQ3R18AcuWuW4tKXZ2E_qeFBvcmwhtQW_cfDg_uFZjyshiqzotlDPGdr-FlgPJ03JRtSqA8iRYDhk/s1600/John+Stubbs+1993+Toyota+4x4++%252810%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img alt="picture of behind the seats inside of John Stubbs' 1993 Toyota 4x4 truck" border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlPFbJJP9MU3vZXbag-onOorFnpR0eLz5omRfbhYlPpA7HbS_XOA9jOARZ7zvEYPoVQ3R18AcuWuW4tKXZ2E_qeFBvcmwhtQW_cfDg_uFZjyshiqzotlDPGdr-FlgPJ03JRtSqA8iRYDhk/s320/John+Stubbs+1993+Toyota+4x4++%252810%2529.jpg" title="" width="162" /></a>While you're looking in that area, look at what lurks on the cabin side of a motorized sliding back window: Kicker SoloBaric 12-inchwoofers highlighted with red neon are sure to get the attention of any judge. Another attention getter is a unique installation of the mid-bass drivers in the doors. Kicker R-4 speakers are mounted backward in the hope of reeling in a couple of extra creativity points. The sound isn't affected by this arrangement, according to John, since the basket is "open" and the build-outs are non-obtrusive.</div>
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John's hard work earned him a runner-up award at the 1994 USAC Finals and both the highest IASCA regional and USAC national points leader in 1995 —in all totaling nearly 50 trophies in a few short years. Though a team to be reckoned with, John has decided to part with his "toy" after the '95 USAC Finals to build something new with installers Greg Pauley and Alberto Lopez of Stereo West. In the meantime, you can expect to see John at the events —judging and being his usual enthusiastic self about this great sport.</div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgP6PP1qmQyH8yPx9c_ZlotZBjYtrdcfj_FsD4IGVObLykKSfFHdFKgLt9DOQG187uWaxIS8W6obm_GswMQw_N_AFqN5zmyXyXV7I7BZHsK2F0jcKZ1CebAg_fbSwP82GjoNbtcrxrqdBMw/s1600/Mobile+Sound+Competition%2527s+Annual+%252796+Winners+edition.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Image of cover page of Mobile Sound Competition's Annual '96 Winners edition" border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgP6PP1qmQyH8yPx9c_ZlotZBjYtrdcfj_FsD4IGVObLykKSfFHdFKgLt9DOQG187uWaxIS8W6obm_GswMQw_N_AFqN5zmyXyXV7I7BZHsK2F0jcKZ1CebAg_fbSwP82GjoNbtcrxrqdBMw/s320/Mobile+Sound+Competition%2527s+Annual+%252796+Winners+edition.jpg" title="" width="236" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Cover of Mobile Sound Competition's <br />
Annual '96 Winners edition</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Page 46 of Mobile Sound Competition's <br />
Annual '96 Winners edition</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixQPy7J15wOtHt1stOyVoclTQs4xYzWXs4Xs3mKV9PbynRcDkZOD_WLO3x2uGtpfjYPmkXTTNz2EkYJiTUQlJUD6IjhznNBPB0DevqigRCK7jtGaFesreMBwlq_wLlD-9scVRBT2wM76WB/s1600/Mobile+Sound+Competition%2527s+Annual+%252796+Winners+edition+page+47.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Image of page 47 of Mobile Sound Competition's Annual '96 Winners edition" border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixQPy7J15wOtHt1stOyVoclTQs4xYzWXs4Xs3mKV9PbynRcDkZOD_WLO3x2uGtpfjYPmkXTTNz2EkYJiTUQlJUD6IjhznNBPB0DevqigRCK7jtGaFesreMBwlq_wLlD-9scVRBT2wM76WB/s320/Mobile+Sound+Competition%2527s+Annual+%252796+Winners+edition+page+47.jpg" title="" width="233" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Page 47 of Mobile Sound Competition's <br />
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albertoalopezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01993782226348320330noreply@blogger.com0Omaha, NE, USA41.2523634 -95.99798829999997541.0614744 -96.32071179999997 41.4432524 -95.675264799999979tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5773772622008994113.post-7494440385452714102017-08-10T15:09:00.000-04:002017-08-29T09:57:39.110-04:00US Patent 7223129 - Vehicle power system with wire size adapter<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
Following is patent US7223129 as created by Nathan Wincek, John Catalano and I while at AAMP of America. It is the third patent of the Stinger Expert series from a golden era in car audio. Enjoy!<br />
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b>Vehicle power system with wire size adapter </b></span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b>US 7223129 B1</b></span><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWK-ICoTqGMjYyeqeHZT_3qQ45pVOn0zExAS-SqIsEELWEdyqAFJ8TfYxwihiCsNTqEAYTpWjxmEVhPUcew5x2LOmo4EqCRF579OK8t9ooovVw2lZADSMcGrhPfyem_VUDqs2d8pTwrfmJ/s1600/US07223129-20070529-D00000.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><span style="color: #b4a7d6;"><img alt="US Patent 7223129 - Vehicle power system with wire size adapter" border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWK-ICoTqGMjYyeqeHZT_3qQ45pVOn0zExAS-SqIsEELWEdyqAFJ8TfYxwihiCsNTqEAYTpWjxmEVhPUcew5x2LOmo4EqCRF579OK8t9ooovVw2lZADSMcGrhPfyem_VUDqs2d8pTwrfmJ/s320/US07223129-20070529-D00000.png" title="US Patent 7223129 - Vehicle power system with wire size adapter" width="204" /></span></a><span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">ABSTRACT</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">A power system with graphics display includes a wire size adapter that is a conductive ring that has an outer diameter sized to fit snuggly into an input terminal of the power system and has an inner diameter sized to fit snuggly around a power wire that is smaller than the wire size normally accepted by the input terminal.</span><br />
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">DESCRIPTION</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">This application is related to co-pending U.S. application titled, “VEHICLE POWER SYSTEM WITH INTEGRATED GRAPHICS DISPLAY,” which was filed on Dec. 23, 2005, Ser. No. 11/317,535; and inventors Alberto A. Lopez, John Catalano and Nathan Wincek. Additionally, this application is related to co-pending U.S. application titled, “VEHICLE POWER SYSTEM UTILIZING OVAL WIRE,” which was filed on Dec. 23, 2005, Ser. No. 11/317,699; and inventors Alberto A. Lopez, John Catalano and Nathan Wincek. Additionally, this application is related to co-pending U.S. application titled, “VEHICLE POWER SYSTEM WITH ROTATBLE MAIN ASSEMBLY,” which was filed on Dec. 23, 2005, Ser. No. 11/318,221; and inventors Alberto A. Lopez, John Catalano and Nathan Wincek.</span><br />
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">1. Field of the Invention</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">The present invention relates to the field of conditioning or distributing power within an oval or elliptical wire and more particularly to an apparatus that provides for wire size adapters for multiple wire sizes.</span><br />
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">2. Description of the Related Art</span><br />
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">Automotive accessories are becoming more functional and decorative. High power audio amplifiers, lighting systems, automation systems and even waterfalls have been installed in vehicle doors, passenger compartments and trunks. These devices utilize large amounts of power and put significant loads on the vehicle's power distribution systems. The art has many examples of vehicle power distribution, including U.S. Pat. No. 6,746,279, “Power Distribution System,” to Lopez, which is hereby incorporated by reference. This patent describes a power distribution and fusing system that accepts one or two larger power wires, fuses the power and distributes the power over several smaller gauge wires.</span><br />
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">Additionally, there is a need for lighting and display. U.S. Pat. No. 6,181,563, “Meter Device for Vehicle,” to Shimbu, et al, describes a vehicle metering and display device and is hereby incorporated by reference. This device has a display for displaying vehicle speed and engine speed, for example. The display is mounted in the passenger compartment and visible to the driver. The device of this patent does not distribute power to other devices. Furthermore, the display is provided for displaying information according to signals from the electronic component units integrated into the device and not enabled to accept external, fully-graphical video sources.</span><br />
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">Historically, power has been distributed by a single power cable carrying one voltage potential, usually positive, and the frame of the vehicle carrying the other voltage potential, usually negative. The power cables of the prior art are generally heavy gauge, stranded wire of a size suitable for carrying the current required by the load. Standard wire comes in sizes that are numbered based upon its diameter and hence current carrying capacity with the higher numbers used for smaller wire having lower current carrying capacity. For heavy loads, a larger wire size is used. Unfortunately, as more current is required, the wire diameter increases requiring higher-profile connecting devices, causing difficulty in bending and shaping the wire and, when run under carpet, creating bumps and bulges. Oval shape wire has been used in very narrow applications for delivering high-voltage power in the AC power grid. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,171,942 to Wilber F. Powers, issued Dec. 12, 1992, describes a specialized oval wire for overhead high tension lines and is hereby incorporated by reference. This patent describes a very special type of oval power line and does not imply any other use for such oval cable. In another example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,353,177 B1 to Walter W. Young, issued Mar. 5, 2002 describes a cable of oval form, but the core conductor is round and the insulator is oval. This type of power cable has all the issues related to a round cable described above with no advantage for automotive use. The oval design of its insulation improves its wind resistance which is not an issue in automotive applications.</span><br />
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">Unfortunately, there is a lack of power conditioning, fusing, and/or distribution devices utilizing oval or elliptical wire of various wire sizes in the art.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">What is needed is an apparatus that will provide a power distribution system that adapts to various wire sizes.</span><br />
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">An object of the present invention is to provide a power distribution device that includes power inputs intended for a specific wire size and provides adapters for use with smaller sized wire.</span><br />
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">In one embodiment, automotive wire size adapter for use in a terminal block of an automotive power distribution system is disclosed including an elliptical ring having a length, an inner diameter and an outer diameter. The length is substantially the depth of the terminal block, the inner diameter is sized to accept a stripped end of an elliptical power wire and the outer diameter is sized to fit with the terminal block.</span><br />
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">In another embodiment, method for adapting a smaller sized wire into a terminal block of an automotive power distribution device is disclosed including providing an automotive power distribution system having an enclosure, a plurality of power terminal blocks situated on the periphery of the enclosure and a power distribution device housed within the enclosure. The power distribution device adapted to accept power from one of the plurality of power terminal blocks and the power distribution device adapted to deliver power to another of the plurality of power terminal blocks. The method continues by providing an automotive wire size adapter sized for a selected terminal block of said plurality of terminal blocks and sized for the smaller sized wire. The adapter is an elliptical ring with a length, an inner diameter and an outer diameter and the length is substantially the depth of the selected terminal block, the inner diameter is sized to accept a stripped end of the smaller power wire and the outer diameter is sized to fit with the selected terminal block. The method continues with striping an end of the smaller sized wire and inserting the stripped end of the smaller sized wire into the automotive wire size adapter then inserting the automotive wire size adapter into the selected terminal block and tightening a set screw of the selected terminal block, thereby physically holding the automotive wire size adapter and the smaller sized wire firmly within the selected terminal block.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">In another embodiment, an automotive wire size adapter for use in a terminal block of an automotive power distribution system is disclosed including an adapter having a length, an inner diameter and an outer diameter. The length is substantially the depth of the terminal block, the inner diameter is sized to accept a stripped end of an elliptical power wire and the outer diameter is sized to fit with the terminal block.</span><br />
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">The invention can be best understood by those having ordinary skill in the art by reference to the following detailed description when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJFizqDoDMnzvpcPeRVKtkA2Ytx3hNRWm7qi_29Rdovd95U_qEDzhzzpgo98zFTuFEP-jci0EcSnSa_K1k-Ph3h-3X9VpfhISBk-uPW0XJ8y8t_st1YjxzCSG3zPG7W26qFcJAI1G10Ej7/s1600/US07223129-20070529-D00001.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: #b4a7d6;"><img alt="US Patent 7223129 - Vehicle power system with wire size adapter" border="0" height="282" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJFizqDoDMnzvpcPeRVKtkA2Ytx3hNRWm7qi_29Rdovd95U_qEDzhzzpgo98zFTuFEP-jci0EcSnSa_K1k-Ph3h-3X9VpfhISBk-uPW0XJ8y8t_st1YjxzCSG3zPG7W26qFcJAI1G10Ej7/s320/US07223129-20070529-D00001.png" title="FIG. 1 illustrates a perspective view of the apparatus of the present invention. US Patent 7223129 - Vehicle power system with wire size adapter" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">FIG. 1 illustrates a perspective view of the apparatus of the present invention.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgm5BAEvQt-Q8ay0oJO9XGb4hYiyQe1EYPI27swxCHfSWmXb8Us7Mc6qsZ10T2FS5hH-ggmNNF9avYqxXaKZQ7TgF-uWvGbx6dIe2jMg5ZKQlw-6kkOgXcTK_HgiIEMHFi0faFB_fdcYOKv/s1600/US07223129-20070529-D00002.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: #b4a7d6;"><img alt="US Patent 7223129 - Vehicle power system with wire size adapter" border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgm5BAEvQt-Q8ay0oJO9XGb4hYiyQe1EYPI27swxCHfSWmXb8Us7Mc6qsZ10T2FS5hH-ggmNNF9avYqxXaKZQ7TgF-uWvGbx6dIe2jMg5ZKQlw-6kkOgXcTK_HgiIEMHFi0faFB_fdcYOKv/s320/US07223129-20070529-D00002.png" title="FIG. 2 illustrates a right-side perspective view of the present invention. FIG. 3 illustrates a left-side perspective view of the present invention. US Patent 7223129 - Vehicle power system with wire size adapter" width="185" /></span></a></div>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">FIG. 2 illustrates a right-side perspective view of the present invention.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: #b4a7d6;">FIG. 3 illustrates a left-side perspective view of the present invention.</span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0vSgRXgYBWVpHabtHr8zTvQPudZZRd6TKiq2F2MBxblMv3ZKT8e0PRjTrG3xgAOpczOKwTQVoFYq7-U9d5ibx-So0mZ3BqYeS6ilPBjz6I1vWMzdwKdIMjoqFG_JQNo2bOB4s-d14zCwo/s1600/US07223129-20070529-D00003.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: #b4a7d6;"><img alt="US Patent 7223129 - Vehicle power system with wire size adapter" border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0vSgRXgYBWVpHabtHr8zTvQPudZZRd6TKiq2F2MBxblMv3ZKT8e0PRjTrG3xgAOpczOKwTQVoFYq7-U9d5ibx-So0mZ3BqYeS6ilPBjz6I1vWMzdwKdIMjoqFG_JQNo2bOB4s-d14zCwo/s320/US07223129-20070529-D00003.png" title="FIG. 4 illustrates an exploded view of the present invention. US Patent 7223129 - Vehicle power system with wire size adapter" width="208" /></span></a></div>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">FIG. 4 illustrates an exploded view of the present invention.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIPlHwbLs58ldOmjU8ijIrIBhMwK9_THF24bHfOYYHhZSVG9MzrIZ15z9aN-_keo6sdVb8fKvJ3X9frzelWgWjIgbxGMJQs2wwtbEYhhZD5rETXAYEAUIoXtZ5vB_J3kIjus9dUVvHWLts/s1600/US07223129-20070529-D00004.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: #b4a7d6;"><img alt="US Patent 7223129 - Vehicle power system with wire size adapter" border="0" height="286" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIPlHwbLs58ldOmjU8ijIrIBhMwK9_THF24bHfOYYHhZSVG9MzrIZ15z9aN-_keo6sdVb8fKvJ3X9frzelWgWjIgbxGMJQs2wwtbEYhhZD5rETXAYEAUIoXtZ5vB_J3kIjus9dUVvHWLts/s320/US07223129-20070529-D00004.png" title="FIG. 5 illustrates a perspective view of the apparatus of the present invention configured for opposite connections to that of FIG. 1. US Patent 7223129 - Vehicle power system with wire size adapter" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">FIG. 5 illustrates a perspective view of the apparatus of the present invention configured for opposite connections to that of FIG. 1.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHbsn7_G5nie481Srkz-s3gu-nsGiouiPTmRAtjh8Qw7FPZV8EDD4X18gayMhR-DhEQXQg9PaVWR0H7aVr0t-76NON1ag2v3jqMRxtXpLDs7u_ouSxE4YCyOlZzJrehc8HPOz2bid5fl6r/s1600/US07223129-20070529-D00005.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: #b4a7d6;"><img alt="US Patent 7223129 - Vehicle power system with wire size adapter" border="0" height="290" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHbsn7_G5nie481Srkz-s3gu-nsGiouiPTmRAtjh8Qw7FPZV8EDD4X18gayMhR-DhEQXQg9PaVWR0H7aVr0t-76NON1ag2v3jqMRxtXpLDs7u_ouSxE4YCyOlZzJrehc8HPOz2bid5fl6r/s320/US07223129-20070529-D00005.png" title="FIG. 6 illustrates a schematic diagram of the common electronics of the present invention. US Patent 7223129 - Vehicle power system with wire size adapter" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">FIG. 6 illustrates a schematic diagram of the common electronics of the present invention.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkhgzgFiuvIgdU413jdfvK5-qFzpvluoWiN86ZhKH3d5IsgpS1dxtD0jHG7S50LjWF_PhZDKF0enzVlbV-GDApJt0sqrgoCupsTubH6ATz5NQP2f3QuYz9wLi7QtApzIah9Lph12hXoCA8/s1600/US07223129-20070529-D00006.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: #b4a7d6;"><img alt="US Patent 7223129 - Vehicle power system with wire size adapter" border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkhgzgFiuvIgdU413jdfvK5-qFzpvluoWiN86ZhKH3d5IsgpS1dxtD0jHG7S50LjWF_PhZDKF0enzVlbV-GDApJt0sqrgoCupsTubH6ATz5NQP2f3QuYz9wLi7QtApzIah9Lph12hXoCA8/s320/US07223129-20070529-D00006.png" title="FIG. 7 illustrates a schematic diagram of a fused distribution option of the present invention. FIG. 8 illustrates a schematic diagram of a distribution block option of the present invention. US Patent 7223129 - Vehicle power system with wire size adapter" width="288" /></span></a></div>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">FIG. 7 illustrates a schematic diagram of a fused distribution option of the present invention.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: #b4a7d6;">FIG. 8 illustrates a schematic diagram of a distribution block option of the present invention.</span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjirectqp8f6chVIixHyakCiLtaavd0Zhztphad4VXIfpMVm5gy0bkP9Rxv1nKKWm2nZGYL97yn5HVj4FL-0P5kRxdV1m-alAYeRcvxj8XO7i8CQZv0cl4Io8C4qNQpYKH2G_Gayc9FApmK/s1600/US07223129-20070529-D00007.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: #b4a7d6;"><img alt="US Patent 7223129 - Vehicle power system with wire size adapter" border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjirectqp8f6chVIixHyakCiLtaavd0Zhztphad4VXIfpMVm5gy0bkP9Rxv1nKKWm2nZGYL97yn5HVj4FL-0P5kRxdV1m-alAYeRcvxj8XO7i8CQZv0cl4Io8C4qNQpYKH2G_Gayc9FApmK/s320/US07223129-20070529-D00007.png" title="FIG. 9 illustrates a schematic diagram of a high capacity capacitor option of the present invention. FIG. 10 illustrates a schematic diagram of a power conditioning circuit option of the present invention. US Patent 7223129 - Vehicle power system with wire size adapter" width="249" /></span></a></div>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">FIG. 9 illustrates a schematic diagram of a high capacity capacitor option of the present invention.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: #b4a7d6;">FIG. 10 illustrates a schematic diagram of a power conditioning circuit option of the present invention.</span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYLf_A8bdz0twPqXwn33nCg-G8AA0byO3WwN_E8m4r6pPPyZn6oRmqpph6OHxNtKr0Zmbg1ACTJJ6JNI36b3QDpmrkOb-UEVKYRR_sCbt3y-nJ8bVqQEu37Cp5U4AwX_DQ9kZv03vAe18A/s1600/US07223129-20070529-D00008.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: #b4a7d6;"><img alt="US Patent 7223129 - Vehicle power system with wire size adapter" border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYLf_A8bdz0twPqXwn33nCg-G8AA0byO3WwN_E8m4r6pPPyZn6oRmqpph6OHxNtKr0Zmbg1ACTJJ6JNI36b3QDpmrkOb-UEVKYRR_sCbt3y-nJ8bVqQEu37Cp5U4AwX_DQ9kZv03vAe18A/s320/US07223129-20070529-D00008.png" title="FIG. 11 a illustrates a power cable and a power distribution box of the prior art. FIG. 11 b illustrates a power cable and a power distribution box of the present invention. US Patent 7223129 - Vehicle power system with wire size adapter" width="221" /></span></a></div>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">FIG. 11 a illustrates a power cable and a power distribution box of the prior art.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: #b4a7d6;">FIG. 11 b illustrates a power cable and a power distribution box of the present invention.</span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5qyNlxk8pEt-VHS_29Oyt0dMZJ8AiCfJJN3tcPjjOqENxw3XtNzUkTXSlruGrTx0VYNS-FIKrNqBKCPJapKH8ID02fKouY_dwznbi2tuslq5h_p-x-Ha76PFvnbFzZT4ygl6ZnQKNdegl/s1600/US07223129-20070529-D00009.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: #b4a7d6;"><img alt="US Patent 7223129 - Vehicle power system with wire size adapter" border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5qyNlxk8pEt-VHS_29Oyt0dMZJ8AiCfJJN3tcPjjOqENxw3XtNzUkTXSlruGrTx0VYNS-FIKrNqBKCPJapKH8ID02fKouY_dwznbi2tuslq5h_p-x-Ha76PFvnbFzZT4ygl6ZnQKNdegl/s320/US07223129-20070529-D00009.png" title="FIG. 12 illustrates a cable size adapter of the present invention. US Patent 7223129 - Vehicle power system with wire size adapter" width="259" /></span></a></div>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">FIG. 12 illustrates a cable size adapter of the present invention.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">Reference will now be made in detail to the presently preferred embodiments of the invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Throughout the following detailed description, the same reference numerals refer to the same elements in all figures. In the description of the device for distributing power of the present invention, the perspective views include a display and a power option having two power inputs, a plurality of fuses and four power outputs. This is an example of one possible configuration, whereas any number of inputs and outputs as well as several different power options are described later and can be installed into the same housing. The graphics display is multipurpose, in that it is useful for displaying video such as a video stream from a DVD player and text as well as emitting a wide range of colors and patterns, providing both aesthetic as well as safety features.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">Referring to FIG. 1, a perspective view of the apparatus of the present invention is shown. The power distribution system 5 includes an outer case 10 with a display (not visible) housed within a display housing 100. The power distribution system 5 has a rotatable and exchangeable power distribution device allowing configuration with various power options that can be oriented so that power enters on the left side and exits on the right side or visa-versa, providing flexibility in the viewing direction of the display. The power distribution system 5 in this embodiment has two power inputs 20/22 connected through a power input connector, in this embodiment, a terminal block 23 and physically/electrically held by set screws 24. The terminal block is sized to accept a specific size of wire. In some embodiments, the wire is oval or elliptical so that it lies flat when routed through a vehicle, especially under carpet, bends easy and so that the power distribution system can be designed to have a lower profile than if round wire is used. The inputs 20/22 are connected to a first terminal 42 of the fuses 40/44. In this embodiment, two types of fuses are installed 40/44 but in some embodiments, only one type of fuse is installed providing flexibility in protection for each output 30/32/34/36 in that a first type of fuse has current ranges up to 40 amps, while another type fuse has current ranges up to 750 amps. The second terminal 42 of the fuses 40/44 is connected to a power output connector, in this embodiment, a second terminal block 27 for connection to the output power cables 30/32/34/36, held electrically/physically with set screws 26.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">Referring to FIG. 2, a right-side perspective view of the present invention is shown. The case 10 has a side cut-out that is filled with a surface 39 of the power distribution module and has four openings 31/33/35/37 configured to accept four output power cables (30/32/34/36 from FIG. 1). The display housing 100 is shown slightly tilted. In this embodiment, the display is rotatably coupled to the outer case 10 allowing adjustment to its angles.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">Referring to FIG. 3, a left-side perspective view of the present invention is shown. The outer case 10 has a side cut-out that is filled with a surface 39 of the power distribution module and has two openings 19/21 configured to accept two input power cables (20/22 from FIG. 1). The display housing 100 is shown slightly tilted and the display 102 is visible. The display 102 is of any flat panel display technology known in the industry, including but not limited to plasma, liquid crystal display (LCD), etc. In this embodiment, a video input connector 104 is provided for providing a video source to the display 102. In some embodiments, display content is generated internally, providing varying colors, patterns and lighting effects.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">Referring to FIG. 4, an exploded view of the present invention is shown. The power distribution system 5 includes an outer case 10 with a display 102 housed within a display housing 100 that is hingedly connected to the outer case 10. The power distribution system 5 has rotatable and exchangeable power distribution devices configurable with various power options that can be oriented so that power enters on the left side and exits on the right side or visa-versa, providing flexibility in the viewing direction of the display. The power distribution system 5 in this embodiment has two power input connectors which are, in this embodiment, a terminal block 23. The input power wires are physically and electrically held by set screws 24. The inputs are connected to a first terminal 42 of the fuses 40/44. In this embodiment, two types of fuses are installed 40/44, In some embodiments, only one type of fuse 40 or the other 44 is installed providing flexibility in protection for each output. The second terminal 42 of the fuses 40/44 is connected to a second power output connector, in this embodiment, a terminal block 27 for connection to the output power wires (30/32/34/36 in FIG. 1), held electrically/physically with set screws 26. The power distribution module 39 has a modular housing 76 that is symmetrical so that the power distribution module 39 is adaptable to be mounted within the outer case 10 in one orientation or in another opposite orientation, rotated 180 degrees horizontally. Wire guides 79 guide the two power input wires (20/22) into the terminal block 23 and wire guides 78 guide the power output wires (30/32/34/36) into the output terminal block 27. A circuit board 70 provides power and video distribution to the display 102 and holds the video input connector 104. In some embodiments, a graphics display controller (see FIG. 6) is mounted on the circuit board 70. A bottom cover 72 protects the circuit board and holds the power distribution module 39 within the outer case 10.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">Referring to FIG. 5, a perspective view of the apparatus of the present invention configured for opposite connections to that of FIG. 1 is shown. The power distribution system 5 includes an outer case 10 with a display (not visible) housed within a display housing 100. The power distribution system 5 has a rotatable and exchangeable power distribution device configurable with various power options that can be oriented so that power enters on the left side and exits on the right side or visa-versa, providing flexibility in the direction of the display. The power distribution system 5 in this embodiment has four power outputs 30/32/34/36 connected through a power output connector, in this embodiment a terminal block 27. The power output wires 30/32/34/36 are physically and electrically held by set screws 26. The outputs 30/32/34/36 are connected to a first terminal 42 of the fuses 40/44. In this embodiment, two types of fuses are installed 40/44 but in some embodiments, only one type of fuse 40 or the other 44 is installed providing flexibility in protection for each output 30/32/34/36. The second terminal 42 of the fuses 40/44 is connected to a power input connector, in this embodiment a terminal block 23 for connection to the input power wires 20/22. The input power wires 20/22 are electrically and physically coupled with set screws 24.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">Referring to FIG. 6, a schematic diagram of the common electronics of the present invention is shown. In this embodiment, two DC inputs 20/22 enter the power distribution device or modular power circuit 115. In other embodiments, one, three, four or any number of DC inputs is present. The content and function of the power distribution device 115 will be described in the description of FIGS. 7–10. Generally, the power distribution device 115 is a device that accepts power from a power source and distributes the power to one or more power outputs. In some embodiments, the power distribution device 115 provides protection by way of fuses or surge suppressors or provides power conditioning.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">Also in this embodiment, four DC outputs 30/32/34/36 exit the power distribution device 115. In other embodiments, one, two, three or any number of outputs exit the power distribution device 115. A connection to one of the DC inputs 22 is made to derive power for the internal electronics, indicators and displays. In some embodiments, the power passes through a fuse 110 to protect from an overload in the internal electronics and display. In the present embodiment, the input video signal 105 from the video input connector 104 is routed to a graphics display controller 112 which accepts a video signal from the video connector 104 such as NTSC, RGB, S-video, composite video, SECAM, PAL and the like, decodes the signal and generated signals required by the video display 102, for example, LVDS (Low Voltage Differential Signal) and parallel. The display is preferably a liquid crystal display (LCD), but can be any flat panel display including Plasma.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">In some embodiments, the graphics display controller 112 generates colors and patterns on the video display 102 independently of the video input 105. In these embodiments, there is a user interface (not shown) consisting of an input device such as a keyboard or keyboard and mouse (not shown), configured to accept commands from a user to set up the display colors, patterns and sequences.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">Referring to FIG. 7, a schematic diagram of a fused distribution option 120 of the present invention is shown. The circuit shown includes two DC inputs 20/22 connected to four DC outputs 30/32/34/36 by fuses 40/44. Note that in some embodiments more than one type of fuse receptacle is deployed in parallel providing flexibility in fuse selection and current handling. By installing more than one fuse in parallel, the current handling capacity is increased.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">Referring to FIG. 8, a schematic diagram of a distribution block option 130 of the present invention is shown. The circuit includes two DC inputs 20/22 directly connected to four DC outputs 30/32/34/36 through wiring paths 132.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">Referring to FIG. 9, a schematic diagram of a high capacity capacitor option 140 of the present invention is shown. The circuit includes a DC input 20 directly connected to two DC outputs 30/32 with a capacitor 142 between the DC input 20 and ground 146. The capacitor 142 is, for example, a high-capacity electrolytic or super capacitor. The value of the capacitor is, for example, 10–30 farads at 15 volts.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">Referring to FIG. 10 illustrates a schematic diagram of a power conditioning circuit option 150 of the present invention. The circuit includes a DC input 20 that is conditioned with a power conditioning circuit 152 before passing to two DC outputs 30/32. The power conditioning circuit 152 is also connected to a ground 156. In some embodiments, the power conditioning circuit 152 includes circuitry to regenerate the standard 12V output by switching the DC input voltage at a high frequency into a transformer (e.g., a torroid transformer), then regulating and filtering the output of the transformer to conform to the required 12V output, thereby eliminating any voltage fluctuations and noise created by the vehicle's engine or high current devices such as starter motors, lights, power seats and the like.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">Referring to FIG. 11 a, a wire or power cable and power distribution system of the prior art is shown. The power cable 112 is substantially round or tubular and has a central conductor 111 and an insulator 113. The power distribution system 9 of the prior art has a round receptacle 109 for accepting the power cable 112. The height, h, of the power distribution system 109 must be greater than the diameter, d, of the power cable 112.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">Referring to FIG. 11 b, a wire or power cable and power distribution system of the present invention is shown. The power cable 120 is substantially oval or elliptical and has a central conductor 121 that is also substantially oval or elliptical and an insulator 123 that is also substantially oval or elliptical. The power distribution system 10 of the present invention has an oval or elliptical receptacle 107 for accepting the power cable 120. The height, h′, of the power distribution system 10 is greater than the diameter, d′, of the power cable 120, but since the diameter d′ of the elliptical cable 120 is smaller than the diameter d of the round cable 112, it is possible for the height h′ of the power distribution system of the present invention to be less than the height h of the power distribution system of the prior art, providing a much lower profile power distribution system that looks better and fits better in tight compartments.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">Referring now to FIG. 12, a cable size adapter of the present invention is shown. The power distribution system 10 has openings and terminal blocks 107 that are sized to accept one size of wire 120. The insulation 123 of the wire 120 is stripped, exposing the oval conductor 121 which is then inserted into the power distribution terminal block 10 into the oval opening 107 where it is held in place by a set screw (shown in FIGS. 1, 4 and 5). The size of the openings 107 and terminal block are adapted to one specific size of wire. If a smaller wire 130 is used without an adapter 135, the set screw would not properly hold the wire in place and proper conduction would not be achieved. Instead, the smaller wire 130 has its insulation 133 stripped exposing its smaller oval conductor 131 and the exposed oval conductor 131 is inserted into a cable size adapter 135 and the smaller wire 130 and cable size adapter 135 are then inserted into the opening 107 and fastened with a set screw. Preferably, the cable size adapter 135 has an outer dimension equivalent to the inner dimension of the terminal block opening 107 so it fits snuggly within the terminal block opening 170. It is also preferred that the cable size adapter 135 has an inner dimension such that the stripped end 131 fits snuggly within the cable size adapter 135. Finally, it is preferred that the length of the cable size adapter 135 is roughly the same as the depth of the terminal block opening 107. In some embodiments, the cable size adapter 135 has a hole 137 sized to allow the set screw to pass through the cable size adapter 135 and apply pressure directly to the conductor 131. The adapter 135 is made from a conductive material, preferably copper or brass. In some embodiments, the adapter 135 is plated with another conductive metal such as nickel, brass, platinum, gold or silver.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">Equivalent elements can be substituted for the ones set forth above such that they perform in substantially the same manner in substantially the same way for achieving substantially the same result.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">It is believed that the system and method of the present invention and many of its attendant advantages will be understood by the foregoing description. It is also believed that it will be apparent that various changes may be made in the form, construction and arrangement of the components thereof without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention or without sacrificing all of its material advantages. The form herein before described being merely exemplary and explanatory embodiment thereof. It is the intention of the following claims to encompass and include such changes.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">CLAIMS(20)</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">1. An automotive wire size adapter for use in a terminal block of an automotive power distribution system, the terminal block having at least one elliptical receptacle for accepting a striped end of an elliptical power wire, the automotive wire size adapter comprising:</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">an elliptical ring having a length, an inner dimension and an outer dimension;</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">whereas the length is substantially the same size as an insertion depth of the terminal block, the inner dimension is sized to accept the stripped end of the elliptical power wire and the outer dimension is sized to fit with the terminal block.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">2. The automotive wire size adapter of claim 1, wherein the automotive wire size adapter is made from a conductive material selected from the group consisting of copper and brass.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">3. The automotive wire size adapter of claim 2, wherein the automotive wire size adapter is plated with a conductive material selected from the group consisting of platinum, nickel, gold, silver and brass.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">4. The automotive wire size adapter of claim 1, wherein the power distribution device passes power from at least one power input connector of the terminal block through at least one fuse to at least one power output connector of a second terminal block.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">5. The automotive wire size adapter of claim 1, wherein the power distribution device passes power from at least one power input connector of the terminal block to at least one power output connector of a second terminal block and at least one capacitor is coupled between at least one power input connector and a ground potential.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">6. The automotive wire size adapter of claim 1, wherein the power distribution device passes power from at least one power input connector of the terminal block through a power conditioning circuit to at least one power output connector of a second terminal block.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">7. The automotive wire size adapter of claim 1, further comprising a hole passing through a side of the elliptical ring for allowing a set screw to pass through a surface of the elliptical ring.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">8. The automotive wire size adapter of claim 1, wherein the automotive power distribution system includes a graphics display and the graphics display is controlled by a graphics display controller and the graphics display controller is connected to a video input connector mounted on the periphery of an enclosure of the automotive power distribution system.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">9. The automotive wire size adapter of claim 1, further comprising a hole passing through a side of the adapter means for allowing a set screw to pass through a surface of the adapter means.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">10. A method for adapting a smaller sized wire into a terminal block of an automotive power distribution device, the method comprising:</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">providing the automotive power distribution system, the automotive power distribution system comprising:</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">an enclosure;</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">a plurality of power terminal blocks situated on the periphery of the enclosure, the terminal blocks having elliptical connection openings; and</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">a power distribution device housed within the enclosure, the power distribution device adapted to accept power from one of the plurality of power terminal blocks and the power distribution device adapted to deliver power to another of the plurality of power terminal blocks;</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">providing an automotive wire size adapter comprising:</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">an elliptical ring having a length, an inner dimension and an outer dimension, the outer dimension sized to fit snuggly within a selected terminal block of said plurality of terminal blocks, the inner dimension sized to hold a stripped end of the smaller sized wire;</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">whereas the length is substantially the same size as a depth of the selected terminal block, the inner diameter is sized to accept a stripped end of the smaller power wire and the outer diameter is sized to fit with the selected terminal block;</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">striping an end of the smaller sized wire;</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">inserting the stripped end of the smaller sized wire into the automotive wire size adapter;</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">inserting the automotive wire size adapter into one of the elliptical connection opening of a selected terminal block; and</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">tightening a set screw of the one of the elliptical connection opening, thereby physically holding the automotive wire size adapter and the smaller sized wire firmly within the selected terminal block.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">11. The method of claim 10, wherein the automotive wire size adapter is made from a conductive material selected from the group consisting of copper and brass.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">12. The method of claim 11, wherein the automotive wire size adapter is plated with a conductive material selected from the group consisting of platinum, nickel, gold, silver and brass.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">13. The method of claim 10, wherein the power distribution device passes power from the at least one power input connector through at least one fuse to the at least one power output connector.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">14. The method of claim 10, wherein the power distribution device passes power from the at least one power input connector to the at least one power output connector and at least one capacitor is coupled between the at least one power input connector and a ground potential.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">15. The method of claim 10, wherein the power distribution device passes power from the at least one power input connector through a power conditioning circuit to the at least one power output connector.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">16. The method of claim 10, further comprising a hole passing through a side of the elliptical ring for allowing a set screw to pass through a surface of the elliptical ring.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">17. The method of claim 10, wherein the automotive power distribution system includes a graphics display and the graphics display is controlled by a graphics display controller and the graphics display controller is connected to a video input connector mounted on the periphery of an enclosure of the automotive power distribution system.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">18. An automotive wire size adapter for use in a terminal block of an automotive power distribution system, the terminal block having at least one elliptical receptacle for accepting a striped end of an elliptical power wire, the automotive wire size adapter comprising:</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">an elliptical adapter means having a length, an inner dimension and an outer dimension;</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">whereas the length is substantially the depth of the terminal block, the inner dimension is sized to accept the stripped end of the elliptical power wire and the outer dimension is sized to fit with the terminal block.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">19. The automotive wire size adapter of claim 18, wherein the adapter means is made from a conductive material selected from the group consisting of copper and brass.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">20. The automotive wire size adapter of claim 19, wherein the adapter means is plated with a conductive material selected from the group consisting of platinum, nickel, gold, silver and brass.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjH8yFuzErnPM9AwyXe13Swv1VAI8YpBwL_w9Dlve3cV18vvyHGyz92GY6WXgN3j5m3pvpKQFHK7gRtQgwUHuVJn6jezGEpA1z6e8Kg_TDNiA0XcKyrjFBIC3lY3qwzC-hVfPtqitG2PQUS/s1600/us007223129-15+copy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: #b4a7d6;"><img alt="Page 14 US Patent 7223129 - Vehicle power system with wire size adapter" border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjH8yFuzErnPM9AwyXe13Swv1VAI8YpBwL_w9Dlve3cV18vvyHGyz92GY6WXgN3j5m3pvpKQFHK7gRtQgwUHuVJn6jezGEpA1z6e8Kg_TDNiA0XcKyrjFBIC3lY3qwzC-hVfPtqitG2PQUS/s200/us007223129-15+copy.jpg" title="Page 14 US Patent 7223129 - Vehicle power system with wire size adapter" width="155" /></span></a><span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><br />
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<span class="patent-section-title" style="font-size: 12pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: bold; line-height: 16pt; text-transform: uppercase;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">PATENT CITATIONS</span></span></div>
<table class="patent-data-table" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(209, 209, 209); border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; border-style: none none solid; margin: 10px 0px 0px 18px;"><thead class="patent-data-table-thead" style="font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; white-space: nowrap;">
<tr class="patent-data-table" style="border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(209, 209, 209); border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 18px; margin-top: 10px;"><th class="patent-data-table-th" style="border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(209, 209, 209); padding-right: 25px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Cited Patent</span></th><th class="patent-data-table-th" style="border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(209, 209, 209); padding-right: 25px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Filing date</span></th><th class="patent-data-table-th" style="border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(209, 209, 209); padding-right: 25px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Publication date</span></th><th class="patent-data-table-th" style="border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(209, 209, 209); padding-right: 25px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Applicant</span></th><th class="patent-data-table-th" style="border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(209, 209, 209); padding-right: 25px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Title</span></th></tr>
</thead><tbody>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://www.google.com/patents/US4040701" style="text-decoration-line: none;">US4040701</a><span aria-label="Cited by examiner" class="patent-tooltip-anchor" data-tooltip-text="Cited by examiner" data-tooltip="Cited by examiner" style="cursor: default;"> *</span></span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Jul 30, 1976</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Aug 9, 1977</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Quick connector for service wires</span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.google.com/patents/US5171942" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: inherit;">US5171942</span></a></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Feb 28, 1991</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Dec 15, 1992</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Southwire Company</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Oval shaped overhead conductor and method for making same</span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://www.google.com/patents/US5997367" style="text-decoration-line: none;">US5997367</a><span aria-label="Cited by examiner" class="patent-tooltip-anchor" data-tooltip-text="Cited by examiner" data-tooltip="Cited by examiner" style="cursor: default;"> *</span></span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Nov 19, 1998</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Dec 7, 1999</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Vlt Corporation</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Adapter</span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.google.com/patents/US6005193" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: inherit;">US6005193</span></a></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Aug 20, 1997</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Dec 21, 1999</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Markel; Mark L.</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Cable for transmitting electrical impulses</span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://www.google.com/patents/US6123573" style="text-decoration-line: none;">US6123573</a><span aria-label="Cited by examiner" class="patent-tooltip-anchor" data-tooltip-text="Cited by examiner" data-tooltip="Cited by examiner" style="cursor: default;"> *</span></span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Jul 20, 1999</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Sep 26, 2000</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Pass & Seymour, Inc.</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Strain relief clamp assembly</span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.google.com/patents/US6137058" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: inherit;">US6137058</span></a></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Apr 21, 1999</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Oct 24, 2000</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Commscope, Inc. Of North Carolina</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Coaxial cable</span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.google.com/patents/US6353177" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: inherit;">US6353177</span></a></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Jun 7, 1994</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Mar 5, 2002</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Nexans Canada Inc.</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Vibration resistant overhead electrical cable</span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://www.google.com/patents/US6746279" style="text-decoration-line: none;">US6746279</a><span aria-label="Cited by examiner" class="patent-tooltip-anchor" data-tooltip-text="Cited by examiner" data-tooltip="Cited by examiner" style="cursor: default;"> *</span></span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Nov 7, 2000</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Jun 8, 2004</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Ixos Limited</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Power distribution system</span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://www.google.com/patents/US6921292" style="text-decoration-line: none;">US6921292</a><span aria-label="Cited by examiner" class="patent-tooltip-anchor" data-tooltip-text="Cited by examiner" data-tooltip="Cited by examiner" style="cursor: default;"> *</span></span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Nov 20, 2003</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Jul 26, 2005</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Autonetworks Technologies, Ltd.</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Connector having shielding shell</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span class="patent-section-title" style="font-size: 12pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: bold; line-height: 16pt; text-transform: uppercase;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">REFERENCED BY</span></span></div>
<table class="patent-data-table" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(209, 209, 209); border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; border-style: none none solid; margin: 10px 0px 0px 18px;"><thead class="patent-data-table-thead" style="font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; white-space: nowrap;">
<tr class="patent-data-table" style="border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(209, 209, 209); border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 18px; margin-top: 10px;"><th class="patent-data-table-th" style="border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(209, 209, 209); padding-right: 25px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Citing Patent</span></th><th class="patent-data-table-th" style="border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(209, 209, 209); padding-right: 25px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Filing date</span></th><th class="patent-data-table-th" style="border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(209, 209, 209); padding-right: 25px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Publication date</span></th><th class="patent-data-table-th" style="border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(209, 209, 209); padding-right: 25px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Applicant</span></th><th class="patent-data-table-th" style="border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(209, 209, 209); padding-right: 25px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Title</span></th></tr>
</thead><tbody>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://www.google.com/patents/US7338331" style="text-decoration-line: none;">US7338331</a><span aria-label="Cited by examiner" class="patent-tooltip-anchor" data-tooltip-text="Cited by examiner" data-tooltip="Cited by examiner" style="cursor: default;"> *</span></span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Aug 8, 2005</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Mar 4, 2008</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Bmt Co., Ltd.</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Power distribution panel</span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://www.google.com/patents/US7452240" style="text-decoration-line: none;">US7452240</a><span aria-label="Cited by examiner" class="patent-tooltip-anchor" data-tooltip-text="Cited by examiner" data-tooltip="Cited by examiner" style="cursor: default;"> *</span></span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Jul 20, 2006</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Nov 18, 2008</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Mitek Corp., Inc.</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Dual-clamp fuse block</span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://www.google.com/patents/US8008576" style="text-decoration-line: none;">US8008576</a><span aria-label="Cited by examiner" class="patent-tooltip-anchor" data-tooltip-text="Cited by examiner" data-tooltip="Cited by examiner" style="cursor: default;"> *</span></span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Feb 15, 2007</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Aug 30, 2011</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Tyco Electronics Brasil Ltda</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Energy distribution system</span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://www.google.com/patents/US8512053" style="text-decoration-line: none;">US8512053</a><span aria-label="Cited by examiner" class="patent-tooltip-anchor" data-tooltip-text="Cited by examiner" data-tooltip="Cited by examiner" style="cursor: default;"> *</span></span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Mar 7, 2011</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Aug 20, 2013</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Cisco Technology, Inc.</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Cable system with integrated adaptor</span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://www.google.com/patents/US9306379" style="text-decoration-line: none;">US9306379</a><span aria-label="Cited by examiner" class="patent-tooltip-anchor" data-tooltip-text="Cited by examiner" data-tooltip="Cited by examiner" style="cursor: default;"> *</span></span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Jan 16, 2014</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Apr 5, 2016</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">William Greenberg</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Fuse and power distribution block</span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://www.google.com/patents/US20070123076" style="text-decoration-line: none;">US20070123076</a><span aria-label="Cited by examiner" class="patent-tooltip-anchor" data-tooltip-text="Cited by examiner" data-tooltip="Cited by examiner" style="cursor: default;"> *</span></span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Nov 28, 2006</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">May 31, 2007</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Hon Hai Precision Ind. Co., Ltd.</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Card edge connector</span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://www.google.com/patents/US20080020647" style="text-decoration-line: none;">US20080020647</a><span aria-label="Cited by examiner" class="patent-tooltip-anchor" data-tooltip-text="Cited by examiner" data-tooltip="Cited by examiner" style="cursor: default;"> *</span></span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Jul 20, 2006</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Jan 24, 2008</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Mitek Corp. Inc.</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Dual-clamp fuse block</span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://www.google.com/patents/US20090050344" style="text-decoration-line: none;">US20090050344</a><span aria-label="Cited by examiner" class="patent-tooltip-anchor" data-tooltip-text="Cited by examiner" data-tooltip="Cited by examiner" style="cursor: default;"> *</span></span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Feb 15, 2007</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Feb 26, 2009</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Tyco Electronics Brasil Ltda.</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Energy distribution system</span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://www.google.com/patents/US20120231642" style="text-decoration-line: none;">US20120231642</a><span aria-label="Cited by examiner" class="patent-tooltip-anchor" data-tooltip-text="Cited by examiner" data-tooltip="Cited by examiner" style="cursor: default;"> *</span></span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Mar 7, 2011</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Sep 13, 2012</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Cory Worth</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Cable system with integrated adaptor</span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://www.google.com/patents/US20140305693" style="text-decoration-line: none;">US20140305693</a><span aria-label="Cited by examiner" class="patent-tooltip-anchor" data-tooltip-text="Cited by examiner" data-tooltip="Cited by examiner" style="cursor: default;"> *</span></span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Jan 16, 2014</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Oct 16, 2014</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">William Greenberg</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Fuse and Power Distribution Block</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="patent-section-footer" style="margin-left: 18px;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">* Cited by examiner</span></div>
</div>
<div class="patent-section patent-tabular-section" style="clear: both; font-size: 13.28px; margin-top: 20px;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" id="classifications"></a></span><br /></span>
<div class="patent-section-header" style="margin-bottom: 1em;">
<span class="patent-section-title" style="font-size: 12pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: bold; line-height: 16pt; text-transform: uppercase;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">CLASSIFICATIONS</span></span></div>
<table class="patent-data-table" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(209, 209, 209); border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; border-style: none none solid; margin: 10px 0px 0px 18px;"><thead class="patent-data-table-thead" style="font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; white-space: nowrap;">
<tr class="patent-data-table" style="border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(209, 209, 209); border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 18px; margin-top: 10px;"><th class="patent-data-table-th" style="border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(209, 209, 209); padding-right: 25px;"></th><th class="patent-data-table-th" style="border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(209, 209, 209); padding-right: 25px;"></th></tr>
</thead><tbody>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">U.S. Classification</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><span class="nested-value"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?id=CVJ8BAABERAJ&q=http://www.uspto.gov/web/patents/classification/uspc439/defs439.htm&usg=AFQjCNGRUBDlIORIREC9lh3gU-e5LKYcrg#C439S709000" saprocessedanchor="true" style="text-decoration-line: none;">439/709</a></span>, <span class="nested-value"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?id=CVJ8BAABERAJ&q=http://www.uspto.gov/web/patents/classification/uspc439/defs439.htm&usg=AFQjCNGRUBDlIORIREC9lh3gU-e5LKYcrg#C439S957000" saprocessedanchor="true" style="text-decoration-line: none;">439/957</a></span>, <span class="nested-value"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?id=CVJ8BAABERAJ&q=http://www.uspto.gov/web/patents/classification/uspc439/defs439.htm&usg=AFQjCNGRUBDlIORIREC9lh3gU-e5LKYcrg#C439S814000" saprocessedanchor="true" style="text-decoration-line: none;">439/814</a></span>, <span class="nested-value"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?id=CVJ8BAABERAJ&q=http://www.uspto.gov/web/patents/classification/uspc174/defs174.htm&usg=AFQjCNHELEmkiUMl4w4SiSYr67NeOiAS4Q#C174S059000" saprocessedanchor="true" style="text-decoration-line: none;">174/59</a></span>, <span class="nested-value"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?id=CVJ8BAABERAJ&q=http://www.uspto.gov/web/patents/classification/uspc439/defs439.htm&usg=AFQjCNGRUBDlIORIREC9lh3gU-e5LKYcrg#C439S620270" saprocessedanchor="true" style="text-decoration-line: none;">439/620.27</a></span></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">International Classification</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span class="nested-value"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?id=CVJ8BAABERAJ&q=http://web2.wipo.int/ipcpub/&usg=AFQjCNER44F5jlVoswCkvW3YEcB5lW4moA#refresh=page&notion=scheme&version=20130101&symbol=H01R0009220000" saprocessedanchor="true" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">H01R9/22</span></a></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Cooperative Classification</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><span class="nested-value"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?id=CVJ8BAABERAJ&q=http://worldwide.espacenet.com/classification&usg=AFQjCNGs5WqSrPE3A4ZP63zGuM6PRNfEFA#!/CPC=Y10S439/957" saprocessedanchor="true" style="text-decoration-line: none;">Y10S439/957</a></span>, <span class="nested-value"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?id=CVJ8BAABERAJ&q=http://worldwide.espacenet.com/classification&usg=AFQjCNGs5WqSrPE3A4ZP63zGuM6PRNfEFA#!/CPC=H01R9/223" saprocessedanchor="true" style="text-decoration-line: none;">H01R9/223</a></span>, <span class="nested-value"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?id=CVJ8BAABERAJ&q=http://worldwide.espacenet.com/classification&usg=AFQjCNGs5WqSrPE3A4ZP63zGuM6PRNfEFA#!/CPC=H01R4/36" saprocessedanchor="true" style="text-decoration-line: none;">H01R4/36</a></span>, <span class="nested-value"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?id=CVJ8BAABERAJ&q=http://worldwide.espacenet.com/classification&usg=AFQjCNGs5WqSrPE3A4ZP63zGuM6PRNfEFA#!/CPC=H01R2201/26" saprocessedanchor="true" style="text-decoration-line: none;">H01R2201/26</a></span>, <span class="nested-value"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?id=CVJ8BAABERAJ&q=http://worldwide.espacenet.com/classification&usg=AFQjCNGs5WqSrPE3A4ZP63zGuM6PRNfEFA#!/CPC=H01R9/245" saprocessedanchor="true" style="text-decoration-line: none;">H01R9/245</a></span>, <span class="nested-value"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?id=CVJ8BAABERAJ&q=http://worldwide.espacenet.com/classification&usg=AFQjCNGs5WqSrPE3A4ZP63zGuM6PRNfEFA#!/CPC=H01R9/24" saprocessedanchor="true" style="text-decoration-line: none;">H01R9/24</a></span></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">European Classification</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span class="nested-value"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">H01R9/24</span></span></td></tr>
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<div class="patent-section-footer" style="margin-left: 18px;">
</div>
</div>
<div class="patent-section patent-tabular-section" style="clear: both; font-size: 13.28px; margin-top: 20px;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" id="legal-events"></a></span><br /></span>
<div class="patent-section-header" style="margin-bottom: 1em;">
<span class="patent-section-title" style="font-size: 12pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: bold; line-height: 16pt; text-transform: uppercase;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">LEGAL EVENTS</span></span></div>
<table class="patent-data-table" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(209, 209, 209); border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; border-style: none none solid; margin: 10px 0px 0px 18px;"><thead class="patent-data-table-thead" style="font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; white-space: nowrap;">
<tr class="patent-data-table" style="border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(209, 209, 209); border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 18px; margin-top: 10px;"><th class="patent-data-table-th" style="border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(209, 209, 209); padding-right: 25px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Date</span></th><th class="patent-data-table-th" style="border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(209, 209, 209); padding-right: 25px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Code</span></th><th class="patent-data-table-th" style="border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(209, 209, 209); padding-right: 25px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Event</span></th><th class="patent-data-table-th" style="border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(209, 209, 209); padding-right: 25px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Description</span></th></tr>
</thead><tbody>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Dec 23, 2005</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">AS</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Assignment</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><div class="nested-key-value" style="margin-bottom: 4px;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><span class="nested-key" style="font-weight: bolder;">Owner name: </span><span class="nested-value">AAMP OF FLORIDA, INC., FLORIDA</span></span></div>
<div class="nested-key-value" style="margin-bottom: 4px;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><span class="nested-key" style="font-weight: bolder;">Free format text: </span><span class="nested-value">ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:LOPEZ, ALBERTO A.;CATALANO, JOHN;WINCEK, NATHAN;REEL/FRAME:017415/0166</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><span class="nested-key" style="font-weight: bolder;">Effective date: </span><span class="nested-value">20051223</span></span></div>
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<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Nov 20, 2006</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">AS</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Assignment</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><div class="nested-key-value" style="margin-bottom: 4px;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><span class="nested-key" style="font-weight: bolder;">Owner name: </span><span class="nested-value">GENERAL ELECTRIC CAPITAL CORPORATION, AS AGENT, CO</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><span class="nested-key" style="font-weight: bolder;">Free format text: </span><span class="nested-value">SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:AAMP OF FLORIDA, INC.;REEL/FRAME:018552/0181</span></span></div>
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<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Nov 29, 2010</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">FPAY</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Fee payment</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><div class="nested-key-value" style="margin-bottom: 4px;">
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><span class="nested-key" style="font-weight: bolder;">Owner name: </span><span class="nested-value">ANTARES CAPITAL LP, AS SUCCESSOR AGENT, ILLINOIS</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><span class="nested-key" style="font-weight: bolder;">Effective date: </span><span class="nested-value">20150821</span></span></div>
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<br />albertoalopezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01993782226348320330noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5773772622008994113.post-49161250649058885532017-07-26T15:41:00.002-04:002017-07-26T19:24:29.220-04:00Couldn't have happened to a nicer guy.<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuBfm1_rChTSz3VoHyixulH3SS_lTEmpzNKWC_DY52N9NHWTw6cY1v2_Mq0u3Si5UHTKTOUlnmm7rW84J8N2WkPTd4CAgGQtN6JGvNZ-0CaI6V5OsXzUeM9F0GaIYA8CkzHdDcvCR3ch1t/s1600/Dustin+Culton%2527s+1990+Honda+Civic++%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="picture of Dustin Culton and his 1990 Red Honda Civic" border="0" height="153" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuBfm1_rChTSz3VoHyixulH3SS_lTEmpzNKWC_DY52N9NHWTw6cY1v2_Mq0u3Si5UHTKTOUlnmm7rW84J8N2WkPTd4CAgGQtN6JGvNZ-0CaI6V5OsXzUeM9F0GaIYA8CkzHdDcvCR3ch1t/s320/Dustin+Culton%2527s+1990+Honda+Civic++%25281%2529.jpg" title="With only minimal body modifications, Dustin Culton is now well on his way to a successful year in IASCA and USAC" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Dustin Culton and his '90 Honda Civic</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-size: large;">And suddenly catastrophe happened. </span>This wasn't the first, nor the last time that one of our team cars had been stolen. Doing incredible car audio made is immediately recognizable and gave us great notoriety. I once took my Sentra to the Nissan dealership for a checkup and the service guy asked me if I had a system in it. He then followed on to tell me that Alberto Lopez had already designed a system for his car and would soon start doing it. I then asked him if he knew who I was. He replied with a question and an embarrassed look: you are Alberto Lopez? Yes, a never met the guy before, but I had somehow designed a system for a car I had never seen. It was funny.<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiodozdKmmcCDIPqBXFvaI8YojUoHfq9hrCaCk4VROs-l82GZXLtEx5796Qmi_1sb_9bQ_C5czsSngsxg_kJL1TsrrsjFcaVulVLyp8S5s6sfR3nDJnx3ynH1lKBgo3a8AdFSQfcc-p42op/s1600/Dustin+Culton%2527s+1990+Honda+Civic++%25283%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="picture of Dustin Culton's 1990 Red Honda Civic's engine compartment" border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiodozdKmmcCDIPqBXFvaI8YojUoHfq9hrCaCk4VROs-l82GZXLtEx5796Qmi_1sb_9bQ_C5czsSngsxg_kJL1TsrrsjFcaVulVLyp8S5s6sfR3nDJnx3ynH1lKBgo3a8AdFSQfcc-p42op/s320/Dustin+Culton%2527s+1990+Honda+Civic++%25283%2529.jpg" title="From half inch acrylic to large gauge wiring, Dustin Culton's car sported the cleanest and most beautiful engine compartment." width="223" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A beautifully clean engine compartment</td></tr>
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But with the accolades came the constant threat that our vehicles could be vandalized or stolen. Many outside of car audio may not immediately understand that the worst people among the bad guys love great car audio. So it was always a matter of time before one of us in the team would let their guard down in a car would be stolen. But this couldn't have happened to a nicer guy. When Dustin told me that his competition Civic had been stolen<a href="https://audio2music.blogspot.com/2016/05/autosound-security-magazine-march-1995.html" target="_blank"> (<i><span style="color: yellow;">read here about Dustin's previous system</span></i>)</a>, he was heartbroken. Thankfully he had great insurance and some savings. So, as soon as the claim was settled, Dustin started on his next project. He knew exactly what he wanted; from the type of car, to the color, to the audio equipment brands, to the overall fit and finish. Dustin was a mad man with a mission.<br />
His fantastic efforts were published by Mobile Sound Competition's special edition Annual '96 Winners magazine. Following is a transcription from that memorable edition. Enjoy!<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhoX6QJSNLKLy-07RdGquAvjwvNpAEmHh8zs6I_rVyhiuzl-VQF23q8Sr6vU3bqVJFo37P_DVznqALlW5Rla4ypUtafDOpLp0-H-rIQbzY9xELESZR9dBZm9cn620beUN3R4Tupjv_PW7Kt/s1600/Dustin+Culton%2527s+1990+Honda+Civic++%25282%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="picture of Dustin Culton's 1990 Red Honda Civic's driver side interior" border="0" height="228" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhoX6QJSNLKLy-07RdGquAvjwvNpAEmHh8zs6I_rVyhiuzl-VQF23q8Sr6vU3bqVJFo37P_DVznqALlW5Rla4ypUtafDOpLp0-H-rIQbzY9xELESZR9dBZm9cn620beUN3R4Tupjv_PW7Kt/s320/Dustin+Culton%2527s+1990+Honda+Civic++%25282%2529.jpg" title="" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Dustin Culton got his slick Honda Civic <br />
when his last set of wheels was stolen.</td></tr>
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<i><span style="color: #b4a7d6;"><b>Mobile Sound Competition's Annual '96 Winners </b></span><b style="color: #b4a7d6;">edition</b></i></div>
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<i><span style="color: #b4a7d6;">By: Staff Writer</span></i></div>
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">What do you do when your car and competition stereo get ripped off? First you cry, then you get over it. You get another car and make the next system even better.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Sounds like something that will typically happen in LA., but it actually happened to Dustin Culton in his home land of Omaha, Nebraska. It wasn't pretty, but it did get him his 1990 Honda Civic Si, and he is now well on his way to a successful year in IASCA and USAC.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9PpqPA4xJbYSmDf1-D3MsdPlPoK2AiySNVMmu4TcMIpk0yJXt8D07XQMZZCx_Bkr064uzRaPbsRvSZ88m2CK9p6l-aFxr-0RVWUTiLQoNlJJ2K99QpZr6uM8sZHAFXu84WpQCsPINwCyF/s1600/Dustin+Culton%2527s+1990+Honda+Civic++%25285%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="picture of Dustin Culton's 1990 Red Honda Civic's passenger side interior" border="0" height="164" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9PpqPA4xJbYSmDf1-D3MsdPlPoK2AiySNVMmu4TcMIpk0yJXt8D07XQMZZCx_Bkr064uzRaPbsRvSZ88m2CK9p6l-aFxr-0RVWUTiLQoNlJJ2K99QpZr6uM8sZHAFXu84WpQCsPINwCyF/s320/Dustin+Culton%2527s+1990+Honda+Civic++%25285%2529.jpg" title="" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The dash is stock, and hidden beneath <br />
the passenger seat is a Phoenix Gold EQ.</td></tr>
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Dustin's main concern when he put together his stereo (mostly by himself, we should add) was to make it as bulletproof as possible. That's because he drives the Civic every day, and Nebraskan winters can really wreck havoc on a car.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">With only minimal body modifications, he is clearly succeeded. The dash is all still stock, with only a Sony CDX-900 added as a source. The kick panels have been massaged to house 5-inch Morel mids and Focal tweeters. Hidden under the passenger seat is a Phoenix Gold EQ, and under the driver's seat is a toolkit.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRpsQ48HSCQlKlSTdQ5x0BgYMTSawlX1LLzDIb1jy0alun2sSnmiA2PL6mFH7VHu4bPDNFwG8gemRtS3B7etciVUd2RbXbJSFbib1UP6iGsZhZJ7OxxeX50zmjvRU_5dby2vemSLO9XnM0/s1600/Dustin+Culton%2527s+1990+Honda+Civic++%25284%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="picture of Dustin Culton's 1990 Red Honda Civic's rear interior" border="0" height="260" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRpsQ48HSCQlKlSTdQ5x0BgYMTSawlX1LLzDIb1jy0alun2sSnmiA2PL6mFH7VHu4bPDNFwG8gemRtS3B7etciVUd2RbXbJSFbib1UP6iGsZhZJ7OxxeX50zmjvRU_5dby2vemSLO9XnM0/s320/Dustin+Culton%2527s+1990+Honda+Civic++%25284%2529.jpg" title="" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Because there wasn't much space behind the Civic's rear seat, <br />
Dustin surrendered his spare tire to his Rockford subs.</td></tr>
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Civic hatchback's don't have a whole lot of space behind the rear seat to fit subs, and as </span><span style="color: #b4a7d6;"><strike>Craig </strike></span><i><span style="color: #ffe599;">(Dustin)</span></i><span style="color: #b4a7d6;"> couldn't part with any of them, he gave up the spare tire. He installed a pair of Rockford Fosgate 8-inch subs, and he and Alberto Lopez plugged up the bottom of the tire well with an Aperiodic mat to make the subs think they had just the right amount of air space. All told, he still has 90 percent of his hatch space for his stuff.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Starting over is something easier than lumbering on with the old. For <strike>Craig </strike></span><i><span style="color: #ffe599;">(Dustin)</span></i><span style="color: #b4a7d6;">, paradoxically, having his cars swiped turned out to be a great move —for his competitive edge that is.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhoWXMXKi2xkpK08K13nxcSTCSKm2KXbCuD8AIpKFKA09y7Ntj1-kyo1x9_zMGEg0IGsapQYF8c3hw8ZwEyLURzWmg4wVh5zp0O2_x4_kNgLuBYFr5sWGlpbwAseYMAxRdnQKrskbT5pQmP/s1600/Mobile+Sound+Competition%2527s+Annual+%252796+Winners+edition+Page+78.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img alt="image of Mobile Sound Competition's Annual '96 Winners edition page 78 covering Dustin Culton's 1990 Honda Civic" border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhoWXMXKi2xkpK08K13nxcSTCSKm2KXbCuD8AIpKFKA09y7Ntj1-kyo1x9_zMGEg0IGsapQYF8c3hw8ZwEyLURzWmg4wVh5zp0O2_x4_kNgLuBYFr5sWGlpbwAseYMAxRdnQKrskbT5pQmP/s320/Mobile+Sound+Competition%2527s+Annual+%252796+Winners+edition+Page+78.jpg" title="Mobile Sound Competition's Annual '96 Winners edition page 78 covering Dustin Culton's 1990 Honda Civic" width="225" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8WstSteM1bflXbLFXVXS57vc42fnHcixYoKRgBvgHwQxo5YUs1MhNqEIuWGdKUe1r3BYVwVz3w-0li3ITN8RTeaBmZwXit5jTE7wy8DduEhpfAvGEYYRAPirnHla8I8pR4UFCGUp1RUi2/s1600/Mobile+Sound+Competition%2527s+Annual+%252796+Winners+edition.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="image of Mobile Sound Competition's Annual '96 Winners edition cover page" border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8WstSteM1bflXbLFXVXS57vc42fnHcixYoKRgBvgHwQxo5YUs1MhNqEIuWGdKUe1r3BYVwVz3w-0li3ITN8RTeaBmZwXit5jTE7wy8DduEhpfAvGEYYRAPirnHla8I8pR4UFCGUp1RUi2/s320/Mobile+Sound+Competition%2527s+Annual+%252796+Winners+edition.jpg" title="Mobile Sound Competition's Annual '96 Winners edition cover page" width="235" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnbEYlW1setr-m-bnEvn70BMc_HCnNmnQx1_semz9LiA77mVwSEnUMklUJh70drEI0n1rCghkH2IOZRaKBpsK8mClHmoEmYA3oVpmAQBN4-Ba5xYi5l9LUpAjTF14gITILBUYIX45NzK8W/s1600/Dustin+Culton%2527s+1990+Honda+Civic++%25286%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="List of installers and equipment in Dustin Culton's 1990 Civic" border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnbEYlW1setr-m-bnEvn70BMc_HCnNmnQx1_semz9LiA77mVwSEnUMklUJh70drEI0n1rCghkH2IOZRaKBpsK8mClHmoEmYA3oVpmAQBN4-Ba5xYi5l9LUpAjTF14gITILBUYIX45NzK8W/s320/Dustin+Culton%2527s+1990+Honda+Civic++%25286%2529.jpg" title="" width="224" /></a></div>
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albertoalopezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01993782226348320330noreply@blogger.com0Omaha, NE, USA41.2523634 -95.99798829999997541.0614744 -96.32071179999997 41.4432524 -95.675264799999979tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5773772622008994113.post-57335622785329678622017-07-25T17:02:00.000-04:002017-08-29T10:03:24.839-04:00US Patent 7338330 - Vehicle power system with integrated graphics displayAnd the hardcore stuff continues. Following is patent US7338330 as created by Nathan Wincek, John Catalano and I while at AAMP of America. It is the second patent of the Stinger Expert series from a golden era in car audio. Enjoy!<br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Vehicle power system with integrated graphics display </span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">US 7338330 B2</span><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibYqQo9dAFA0r12gms3g5kLxY_twE_49fqv_Mq2S1naLpb9YO7Y8SfQFwPWDRA7Z6BjXRYGBKZ2qaDzScY5HfCj0JRrKAvB09sVq5ayNWq3uM1miT2J0Hs9mNai-kS2IFIUo7LWNIbS9QQ/s1600/US07338330-20080304-D00001.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><img alt="US Patent 7338330 - Vehicle power system with integrated graphics display" border="0" height="288" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibYqQo9dAFA0r12gms3g5kLxY_twE_49fqv_Mq2S1naLpb9YO7Y8SfQFwPWDRA7Z6BjXRYGBKZ2qaDzScY5HfCj0JRrKAvB09sVq5ayNWq3uM1miT2J0Hs9mNai-kS2IFIUo7LWNIbS9QQ/s320/US07338330-20080304-D00001.png" title="Vehicle power system with integrated graphics display US 7338330 B2" width="320" /></span></a><span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">ABSTRACT</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">A power system with graphics display includes power inputs, power outputs and power protection and/or power conditioning adapted between the power inputs and power outputs. A graphics display is included in the system for displaying graphic images from an external video source. The graphics system enables the display of images, colors, color patterns, video and the like. The power system provides power protection such as fusing and/or power conditioning such as noise reduction and filtering.</span><br />
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">DESCRIPTION</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">This application is related to co-pending U.S. application titled, “VEHICLE POWER SYSTEM WITH WIRE SIZE ADAPTER,” which was filed on Dec. 23, 2005, Ser. No. 11/317,539; and inventors Alberto A. Lopez, John Catalano and Nathan Wincek. Additionally, this application is related to co-pending U.S. application titled, “VEHICLE POWER SYSTEM UTILIZING OVAL WIRE,” which was filed on Dec. 23, 2005, Ser. No. 11/317,699; and inventors Alberto A. Lopez, John Catalano and Nathan Wincek. Additionally, this application is related to co-pending U.S. application titled, “VEHICLE POWER SYSTEM WITH ROTATBLE MAIN ASSEMBLY,” which was filed on Dec. 23, 2005, Ser. No. 11/318,221; and inventors Alberto A. Lopez, John Catalano and Nathan Wincek.</span><br />
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">1. Field of the Invention</span><br />
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">The present invention relates to the field of conditioning or distributing power within an oval or elliptical wire and more particularly to an apparatus that provides for wire size adapters for multiple wire sizes.</span><br />
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">2. Description of the Related Art</span><br />
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">Automotive accessories are becoming more functional and decorative. High power audio amplifiers, lighting systems, automation systems and even waterfalls have been installed in vehicle doors, passenger compartments and trunks. These devices utilize large amounts of power and put significant loads on the vehicle's power distribution systems. The art has many examples of vehicle power distribution, including U.S. Pat. No. 6,746,279, “Power Distribution System,” to Lopez, which is hereby incorporated by reference. This patent describes a power distribution and fusing system that accepts one or two larger power wires, fuses the power and distributes the power over several smaller gauge wires.</span><br />
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">Additionally, there is a need for lighting and display. U.S. Pat. No. 6,181,563, “Meter Device for Vehicle,” to Shimbu, et al, describes a vehicle metering and display device and is hereby incorporated by reference. This device has a display for displaying vehicle speed and engine speed, for example. The display is mounted in the passenger compartment and visible to the driver. The device of this patent does not distribute power to other devices. Furthermore, the display is provided for displaying information according to signals from the electronic component units integrated into the device and not enabled to accept external, fully-graphical video sources.</span><br />
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">Historically, power has been distributed by a single power cable carrying one voltage potential, usually positive, and the frame of the vehicle carrying the other voltage potential, usually negative. The power cables of the prior art are generally heavy gauge, stranded wire of a size suitable for carrying the current required by the load. Standard wire comes in sizes that are numbered based upon its diameter and hence current carrying capacity with the higher numbers used for smaller wire having lower current carrying capacity. For heavy loads, a larger wire size is used. Unfortunately, as more current is required, the wire diameter increases requiring higher-profile connecting devices, causing difficulty in bending and shaping the wire and, when run under carpet, creating bumps and bulges. Oval shape wire has been used in very narrow applications for delivering high-voltage power in the AC power grid. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,171,942 to Wilber F. Powers, issued Dec. 12, 1992, describes a specialized oval wire for overhead high tension lines and is hereby incorporated by reference. This patent describes a very special type of oval power line and does not imply any other use for such oval cable. In another example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,353,177 B1 to Walter W. Young, issued Mar. 5, 2002 describes a cable of oval form, but the core conductor is round and the insulator is oval. This type of power cable has all the issues related to a round cable described above with no advantage for automotive use. The oval design of its insulation improves its wind resistance which is not an issue in automotive applications.</span><br />
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">Unfortunately, there is a lack of power conditioning, fusing, and/or distribution devices integrated with a general purpose graphics display in the art.</span><br />
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">What is needed is an apparatus that will provide a general purpose graphics display and a power circuit in the same device.</span><br />
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">An object of the present invention is to provide a power distribution device that includes a graphics display for displaying a wide range of colors, patterns and video.</span><br />
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">In one embodiment, a power system with a display is disclosed including an enclosure and a graphics display housed in a display housing that is coupled to the enclosure. Power input connectors and power output connectors are situated on the periphery of the enclosure. A power distribution device is housed within the enclosure and accepts power from the at least one power input connector and delivers power to the at least one power output connector.</span><br />
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">In another embodiment, a method for distributing power and providing a display is disclosed including providing a power system with display having an enclosure and a graphics display housed in a display housing hingedly coupled to the enclosure. The graphics display is connected to a graphics display controller and the graphics display controller connected to a video input connector. Power input connectors and power output connectors are situated on the periphery of the enclosure. A power distribution device is housed within the enclosure and accepts power from the at least one power input connector and delivers power to the at least one power output connector. Next, the power input connector is connected to a power input wire and the power output connector is connected to a power output wire and the video input connector is connected to a source of video.</span><br />
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">In another embodiment, a power distribution system with a display is disclosed including an enclosure and a graphic display for displaying graphic images mounted in a display enclosure. The display enclosure is coupled to the enclosure by a hinge. A power input and a power output is situated on the periphery of the enclosure. There is a power distribution module housed within the enclosure adapted to accept power from the power input and to distribute power to the power output.</span><br />
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">The invention can be best understood by those having ordinary skill in the art by reference to the following detailed description when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTrTdxz26NT7yp36wiREMujDL8way4iHCaFbcVQ8G2rOWo26xDRhyOT_109gjgeQEuFtKGdypAqE72XV_bFjI45N-KfoUK81LkbBcuGYTJTi3wongjDvMdbXkcZBifU_R0Bvhbq339BZAF/s1600/US07338330-20080304-D00001.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><img alt="US Patent 7338330 - Vehicle power system with integrated graphics display" border="0" height="288" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTrTdxz26NT7yp36wiREMujDL8way4iHCaFbcVQ8G2rOWo26xDRhyOT_109gjgeQEuFtKGdypAqE72XV_bFjI45N-KfoUK81LkbBcuGYTJTi3wongjDvMdbXkcZBifU_R0Bvhbq339BZAF/s320/US07338330-20080304-D00001.png" title="FIG. 1 illustrates a perspective view of the apparatus of the present invention. US Patent 7338330 - Vehicle power system with integrated graphics display" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">FIG. 1 illustrates a perspective view of the apparatus of the present invention.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-K96KP8y0EY1jrnPIwfY_C_O2tj5c_DYGsAYM3524z6-aSXO_fZ8Wztc2o_032VgGkUQ3qz2n4Vzp3cwj0dGBB6O3qpkACSd01JMHOIN6smmB2Hv1ciGznFz3qOy4XMt9p77v6Y8QiGme/s1600/US07338330-20080304-D00002.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><img alt="US Patent 7338330 - Vehicle power system with integrated graphics display" border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-K96KP8y0EY1jrnPIwfY_C_O2tj5c_DYGsAYM3524z6-aSXO_fZ8Wztc2o_032VgGkUQ3qz2n4Vzp3cwj0dGBB6O3qpkACSd01JMHOIN6smmB2Hv1ciGznFz3qOy4XMt9p77v6Y8QiGme/s320/US07338330-20080304-D00002.png" title="FIG. 2 illustrates a right-side perspective view of the present invention. FIG. 3 illustrates a left-side perspective view of the present invention. US Patent 7338330 - Vehicle power system with integrated graphics display" width="180" /></span></a></div>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">FIG. 2 illustrates a right-side perspective view of the present invention.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">FIG. 3 illustrates a left-side perspective view of the present invention.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDM_lXq7huU83Js0QmQuuL76YS4IJTL388tUZeg1EUtzM10bjpYmlwcGBnlZ2DcltMDwnlCoBc4GuP3KtKlUCDIi-ZmhID6Y2ZW95J8KnSxGTxsEe19bDak93Bpj7hTDcmoBXoakqO_BL1/s1600/US07338330-20080304-D00003.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><img alt="US Patent 7338330 - Vehicle power system with integrated graphics display" border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDM_lXq7huU83Js0QmQuuL76YS4IJTL388tUZeg1EUtzM10bjpYmlwcGBnlZ2DcltMDwnlCoBc4GuP3KtKlUCDIi-ZmhID6Y2ZW95J8KnSxGTxsEe19bDak93Bpj7hTDcmoBXoakqO_BL1/s320/US07338330-20080304-D00003.png" title="FIG. 4 illustrates an exploded view of the present invention. US Patent 7338330 - Vehicle power system with integrated graphics display" width="204" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">FIG. 4 illustrates an exploded view of the present invention.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjc0G51lQlBnRCRsGbl1glmd3u3jZUDOx3fFyVDr9_YTz2g5bUXoBUA03zt9T2EVdt4vk9iXEAZwEJuvpBf03-Hau5nX_xacHi-kCmJAhG6nIQx6AIdADOGJVIQuMcBYxhDb31J8ENfHju/s1600/US07338330-20080304-D00004.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><img alt="US Patent 7338330 - Vehicle power system with integrated graphics display" border="0" height="289" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjc0G51lQlBnRCRsGbl1glmd3u3jZUDOx3fFyVDr9_YTz2g5bUXoBUA03zt9T2EVdt4vk9iXEAZwEJuvpBf03-Hau5nX_xacHi-kCmJAhG6nIQx6AIdADOGJVIQuMcBYxhDb31J8ENfHju/s320/US07338330-20080304-D00004.png" title="FIG. 5 illustrates a perspective view of the apparatus of the present invention configured for opposite connections to that of FIG. 1. US Patent 7338330 - Vehicle power system with integrated graphics display" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">FIG. 5 illustrates a perspective view of the apparatus of the present invention configured for opposite connections to that of FIG. 1.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgoZiJO4S2EGIXAoDyWcK2SorrdE-Upd0eXq4SrOlzzCzuDSzHFluaCV3yOYnWX5qMrD4783yxbHGyjOlGD74mhMwjMk7WTAnnYD931lu1puh7fphqqoCKmSlo3XfdvWYEZKXUA-75jK1Ym/s1600/US07338330-20080304-D00005.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><img alt="US Patent 7338330 - Vehicle power system with integrated graphics display" border="0" height="293" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgoZiJO4S2EGIXAoDyWcK2SorrdE-Upd0eXq4SrOlzzCzuDSzHFluaCV3yOYnWX5qMrD4783yxbHGyjOlGD74mhMwjMk7WTAnnYD931lu1puh7fphqqoCKmSlo3XfdvWYEZKXUA-75jK1Ym/s320/US07338330-20080304-D00005.png" title="FIG. 6 illustrates a schematic diagram of the common electronics of the present invention. US Patent 7338330 - Vehicle power system with integrated graphics display" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">FIG. 6 illustrates a schematic diagram of the common electronics of the present invention.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguxas-37XUFoGPt2QNZ6jpAQm9FSKdNSpQHKHTG5AS8wyoVDsOqZEvE45iXl6LNlAFKrFgrs_py6eqZdJ8H5y82gvqlxqKWVLeOrz3p7KFM_mg2A_ZQjn8ZVoXHhpcCqzUilCODAy_CBKg/s1600/US07338330-20080304-D00006.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><img alt="US Patent 7338330 - Vehicle power system with integrated graphics display" border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguxas-37XUFoGPt2QNZ6jpAQm9FSKdNSpQHKHTG5AS8wyoVDsOqZEvE45iXl6LNlAFKrFgrs_py6eqZdJ8H5y82gvqlxqKWVLeOrz3p7KFM_mg2A_ZQjn8ZVoXHhpcCqzUilCODAy_CBKg/s320/US07338330-20080304-D00006.png" title="FIG. 7 illustrates a schematic diagram of a fused distribution option of the present invention. FIG. 8 illustrates a schematic diagram of a distribution block option of the present invention. US Patent 7338330 - Vehicle power system with integrated graphics display" width="285" /></span></a></div>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">FIG. 7 illustrates a schematic diagram of a fused distribution option of the present invention.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">FIG. 8 illustrates a schematic diagram of a distribution block option of the present invention.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJf-09Nhb8Ts03FNKxDuZK_r11ekbX0RiaRmvLH6Ls1ZgVXf2ZNqr-ji0JIGinFFvM37NQZfnQnvbDLocFfI_9t2gaY7G1XcqdtXuM123YapVLL4rgc5R4u3tVMEWzhieYU-8PSKG_cpyR/s1600/US07338330-20080304-D00007.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><img alt="US Patent 7338330 - Vehicle power system with integrated graphics display" border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJf-09Nhb8Ts03FNKxDuZK_r11ekbX0RiaRmvLH6Ls1ZgVXf2ZNqr-ji0JIGinFFvM37NQZfnQnvbDLocFfI_9t2gaY7G1XcqdtXuM123YapVLL4rgc5R4u3tVMEWzhieYU-8PSKG_cpyR/s320/US07338330-20080304-D00007.png" title="FIG. 9 illustrates a schematic diagram of a high capacity capacitor option of the present invention. FIG. 10 illustrates a schematic diagram of a power conditioning circuit option of the present invention. US Patent 7338330 - Vehicle power system with integrated graphics display" width="253" /></span></a></div>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">FIG. 9 illustrates a schematic diagram of a high capacity capacitor option of the present invention.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">FIG. 10 illustrates a schematic diagram of a power conditioning circuit option of the present invention.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYpHAv8hxPmFOrNnIJ_iRTnJpuXM6HoDFFxgYl-Lvq9GAV-tvcRBk2AWDK7Qb_gkDoA5K0Rj1MVQWNNMEmC1zPJ4cy1WCOQAvls49TuTKEamfyVQLoptHhyndPL96kIxWqOLZ6cyG18jC7/s1600/US07338330-20080304-D00008.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><img alt="US Patent 7338330 - Vehicle power system with integrated graphics display" border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYpHAv8hxPmFOrNnIJ_iRTnJpuXM6HoDFFxgYl-Lvq9GAV-tvcRBk2AWDK7Qb_gkDoA5K0Rj1MVQWNNMEmC1zPJ4cy1WCOQAvls49TuTKEamfyVQLoptHhyndPL96kIxWqOLZ6cyG18jC7/s320/US07338330-20080304-D00008.png" title="FIG. 11 a illustrates a power cable and a power distribution box of the prior art. FIG. 11 b illustrates a power cable and a power distribution box of the present invention. US Patent 7338330 - Vehicle power system with integrated graphics display" width="221" /></span></a></div>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">FIG. 11 a illustrates a power cable and a power distribution box of the prior art.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">FIG. 11 b illustrates a power cable and a power distribution box of the present invention.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitqvCMdsz_EWfNfHSCxfcyERHA_WV5ZXuhUTktlm5zUZL_TNwpfdNaWtnIDzqnFqtfX39ugA7CLzmWL4YE71y5Ef_c21Q4xcV4hVs0HDHRUDZ3zJtM0_PytimaMk4zoG_dxpKERf0-gmvL/s1600/US07338330-20080304-D00009.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><img alt="US Patent 7338330 - Vehicle power system with integrated graphics display" border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitqvCMdsz_EWfNfHSCxfcyERHA_WV5ZXuhUTktlm5zUZL_TNwpfdNaWtnIDzqnFqtfX39ugA7CLzmWL4YE71y5Ef_c21Q4xcV4hVs0HDHRUDZ3zJtM0_PytimaMk4zoG_dxpKERf0-gmvL/s320/US07338330-20080304-D00009.png" title="FIG. 12 illustrates a cable size adapter of the present invention. US Patent 7338330 - Vehicle power system with integrated graphics display" width="259" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">FIG. 12 illustrates a cable size adapter of the present invention.</span><br />
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">Reference will now be made in detail to the presently preferred embodiments of the invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Throughout the following detailed description, the same reference numerals refer to the same elements in all figures. In the description of the device for distributing power of the present invention, the perspective views include a display and a power option having two power inputs, a plurality of fuses and four power outputs. This is an example of one possible configuration, whereas any number of inputs and outputs as well as several different power options are described later and can be installed into the same housing. The graphics display is multipurpose, in that it is useful for displaying video such as a video stream from a DVD player and text as well as emitting a wide range of colors and patterns, providing both aesthetic as well as safety features.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">Referring to FIG. 1, a perspective view of the apparatus of the present invention is shown. The power distribution system 5 includes an outer case 10 with a display (not visible) housed within a display housing 100. The power distribution system 5 has a rotatable and exchangeable power distribution device allowing configuration with various power options that can be oriented so that power enters on the left side and exits on the right side or visa-versa, providing flexibility in the viewing direction of the display. The power distribution system 5 in this embodiment has two power inputs 20/22 connected through a power input connector, in this embodiment, a terminal block 23 and physically/electrically held by set screws 24. The terminal block is sized to accept a specific size of wire. In some embodiments, the wire is oval or elliptical so that it lies flat when routed through a vehicle, especially under carpet, bends easy and so that the power distribution system can be designed to have a lower profile than if round wire is used. The inputs 20/22 are connected to a first terminal 42 of the fuses 40/44. In this embodiment, two types of fuses are installed 40/44 but in some embodiments, only one type of fuse is installed providing flexibility in protection for each output 30/32/34/36 in that a first type of fuse has current ranges up to 40 amps, while another type fuse has current ranges up to 750 amps. The second terminal 42 of the fuses 40/44 is connected to a power output connector, in this embodiment, a second terminal block 27 for connection to the output power cables 30/32/34/36, held electrically/physically with set screws 26.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">Referring to FIG. 2, a right-side perspective view of the present invention is shown. The case 10 has a side cut-out that is filled with a surface 39 of the power distribution module and has four openings 31/33/35/37 configured to accept four output power cables (30/32/34/36 from FIG. 1). The display housing 100 is shown slightly tilted. In this embodiment, the display is rotatably coupled to the outer case 10 allowing adjustment to its angles.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">Referring to FIG. 3, a left-side perspective view of the present invention is shown. The outer case 10 has a side cut-out that is filled with a surface 39 of the power distribution module and has two openings 19/21 configured to accept two input power cables (20/22 from FIG. 1). The display housing 100 is shown slightly tilted and the display 102 is visible. The display 102 is of any flat panel display technology known in the industry, including but not limited to plasma, liquid crystal display (LCD), etc. In this embodiment, a video input connector 104 is provided for providing a video source to the display 102. In some embodiments, display content is generated internally, providing varying colors, patterns and lighting effects.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">Referring to FIG. 4, an exploded view of the present invention is shown. The power distribution system 5 includes an outer case 10 with a display 102 housed within a display housing 100 that is hingedly connected to the outer case 10. The power distribution system 5 has rotatable and exchangeable power distribution devices configurable with various power options that can be oriented so that power enters on the left side and exits on the right side or visa-versa, providing flexibility in the viewing direction of the display. The power distribution system 5 in this embodiment has two power input connectors which are, in this embodiment, a terminal block 23. The input power wires are physically and electrically held by set screws 24. The inputs are connected to a first terminal 42 of the fuses 40/44. In this embodiment, two types of fuses are installed 40/44, In some embodiments, only one type of fuse 40 or the other 44 is installed providing flexibility in protection for each output. The second terminal 42 of the fuses 40/44 is connected to a second power output connector, in this embodiment, a terminal block 27 for connection to the output power wires (30/32/34/36 in FIG. 1), held electrically/physically with set screws 26. The power distribution module 39 has a modular housing 76 that is symmetrical so that the power distribution module 39 is adaptable to be mounted within the outer case 10 in one orientation or in another opposite orientation, rotated 180 degrees horizontally. Wire guides 79 guide the two power input wires (20/22) into the terminal block 23 and wire guides 78 guide the power output wires (30/32/34/36) into the output terminal block 27. A circuit board 70 provides power and video distribution to the display 102 and holds the video input connector 104. In some embodiments, a graphics display controller (see FIG. 6) is mounted on the circuit board 70. A bottom cover 72 protects the circuit board and holds the power distribution module 39 within the outer case 10.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">Referring to FIG. 5, a perspective view of the apparatus of the present invention configured for opposite connections to that of FIG. 1 is shown. The power distribution system 5 includes an outer case 10 with a display (not visible) housed within a display housing 100. The power distribution system 5 has a rotatable and exchangeable power distribution device configurable with various power options that can be oriented so that power enters on the left side and exits on the right side or visa-versa, providing flexibility in the direction of the display. The power distribution system 5 in this embodiment has four power outputs 30/32/34/36 connected through a power output connector, in this embodiment a terminal block 27. The power output wires 30/32/34/36 are physically and electrically held by set screws 26. The outputs 30/32/34/36 are connected to a first terminal 42 of the fuses 40/44. In this embodiment, two types of fuses are installed 40/44 but in some embodiments, only one type of fuse 40 or the other 44 is installed providing flexibility in protection for each output 30/32/34/36. The second terminal 42 of the fuses 40/44 is connected to a power input connector, in this embodiment a terminal block 23 for connection to the input power wires 20/22. The input power wires 20/22 are electrically and physically coupled with set screws 24.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">Referring to FIG. 6, a schematic diagram of the common electronics of the present invention is shown. In this embodiment, two DC inputs 20/22 enter the power distribution device or modular power circuit 115. In other embodiments, one, three, four or any number of DC inputs is present. The content and function of the power distribution device 115 will be described in the description of FIGS. 7-10. Generally, the power distribution device 115 is a device that accepts power from a power source and distributes the power to one or more power outputs. In some embodiments, the power distribution device 115 provides protection by way of fuses or surge suppressors or provides power conditioning.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">Also in this embodiment, four DC outputs 30/32/34/36 exit the power distribution device 115. In other embodiments, one, two, three or any number of outputs exit the power distribution device 115. A connection to one of the DC inputs 22 is made to derive power for the internal electronics, indicators and displays. In some embodiments, the power passes through a fuse 110 to protect from an overload in the internal electronics and display. In the present embodiment, the input video signal 105 from the video input connector 104 is routed to a graphics display controller 112 which accepts a video signal from the video connector 104 such as NTSC, RGB, S-video, composite video, SECAM, PAL and the like, decodes the signal and generated signals required by the video display 102, for example, LVDS (Low Voltage Differential Signal) and parallel. The display is preferably a liquid crystal display (LCD), but can be any flat panel display including Plasma.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">In some embodiments, the graphics display controller 112 generates colors and patterns on the video display 102 independently of the video input 105. In these embodiments, there is a user interface (not shown) consisting of an input device such as a keyboard or keyboard and mouse (not shown), configured to accept commands from a user to set up the display colors, patterns and sequences.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">Referring to FIG. 7, a schematic diagram of a fused distribution option 120 of the present invention is shown. The circuit shown includes two DC inputs 20/22 connected to four DC outputs 30/32/34/36 by fuses 40/44. Note that in some embodiments more than one type of fuse receptacle is deployed in parallel providing flexibility in fuse selection and current handling. By installing more than one type of fuse in parallel, the current handling capacity is increased.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">Referring to FIG. 8, a schematic diagram of a distribution block option 130 of the present invention is shown. The circuit includes two DC inputs 20/22 directly connected to four DC outputs 30/32/34/36 through wiring paths 132.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">Referring to FIG. 9, a schematic diagram of a high capacity capacitor option 140 of the present invention is shown. The circuit includes a DC input 20 directly connected to two DC outputs 30/32 with a capacitor 142 between the DC input 20 and ground 146. The capacitor 142 is, for example, a high-capacity electrolytic or super capacitor. The value of the capacitor is, for example, 10-30 farads at 15 volts.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">Referring to FIG. 10 illustrates a schematic diagram of a power conditioning circuit option 150 of the present invention. The circuit includes a DC input 20 that is conditioned with a power conditioning circuit 152 before passing to two DC outputs 30/32. The power conditioning circuit 152 is also connected to a ground 156. In some embodiments, the power conditioning circuit 152 includes circuitry to regenerate the standard 12V output by switching the DC input voltage at a high frequency into a transformer (e.g., a torroid transformer), then regulating and filtering the output of the transformer to conform to the required 12V output, thereby eliminating any voltage fluctuations and noise created by the vehicle's engine or high current devices such as starter motors, lights, power seats and the like.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">Referring to FIG. 11 a, a wire or power cable and power distribution system of the prior art is shown. The power cable 112 is substantially round or tubular and has a central conductor 111 and an insulator 113. The power distribution system 9 of the prior art has a round receptacle 109 for accepting the power cable 112. The height, h, of the power distribution system 109 must be greater than the diameter, d, of the power cable 112.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">Referring to FIG. 11 b, a wire or power cable and power distribution system of the present invention is shown. The power cable 120 is substantially oval or elliptical and has a central conductor 121 that is also substantially oval or elliptical and an insulator 123 that is also substantially oval or elliptical. The power distribution system 10 of the present invention has an oval or elliptical receptacle 107 for accepting the power cable 120. The height, h′, of the power distribution system 10 is greater than the diameter, d′, of the power cable 120, but since the diameter d′ of the elliptical cable 120 is smaller than the diameter d of the round cable 112, it is possible for the height h′ of the power distribution system of the present invention to be less than the height h of the power distribution system of the prior art, providing a much lower profile power distribution system that looks better and fits better in tight compartments.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">Referring now to FIG. 12, a cable size adapter of the present invention is shown. The power distribution system 10 has openings and terminal blocks 107 that are sized to accept one size of wire 120. The insulation 123 of the wire 120 is stripped, exposing the oval conductor 121 which is then inserted into the power distribution terminal block 10 into the oval opening 107 where it is held in place by a set screw (shown in FIGS. 1, 4 and 5). The size of the opening 107 and terminal block are adapted to one specific size of wire. If a smaller wire 130 is used without an adapter 135, the set screw would not properly hold the wire in place and proper conduction would not be achieved. Instead, the smaller wire 130 has its insulation 133 stripped exposing its smaller oval conductor 131 and the exposed oval conductor 131 is inserted into a cable size adapter 135 and the smaller wire 130 and cable size adapter 135 are then inserted into the opening 107 and fastened with a set screw. In some embodiments, the cable size adapter 135 has a hole 137 sized to allow the set screw to pass through the cable size adapter 135 and apply pressure directly to the conductor 131. The adapter 135 is made from a conductive material, preferably copper or brass. In some embodiments, the adapter 135 is plated with another conductive metal such as nickel, brass, gold or silver.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">Equivalent elements can be substituted for the ones set forth above such that they perform in substantially the same manner in substantially the same way for achieving substantially the same result.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">It is believed that the system and method of the present invention and many of its attendant advantages will be understood by the foregoing description. It is also believed that it will be apparent that various changes may be made in the form, construction and arrangement of the components thereof without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention or without sacrificing all of its material advantages. The form herein before described being merely exemplary and explanatory embodiment thereof. It is the intention of the following claims to encompass and include such changes.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">CLAIMS(21)</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">1. A power system with display comprising:</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">an enclosure;</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">a graphics display housed in a display housing, the display housing hingedly coupled to the enclosure;</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">at least one power input connector situated on the periphery of the enclosure;</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">at least one power output connector situated on the periphery of the enclosure; and</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">a power distribution device fixedly housed within the enclosure, the power distribution device adapted to accept power from the at least one power input connector and the power distribution device adapted to deliver power to the at least one power output connector.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">2. The power system with display of claim 1, wherein the power distribution device passes power directly from the at least one power input connector through at least one fuse to the at least one power output connector.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">3. The power system with display of claim 1, wherein the power distribution device passes power from the at least one power input connector to the at least one power output connector and at least one capacitor is coupled between the at least one power input connector and a ground potential.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">4. The power system with display of claim 1, wherein the power distribution device passes power from the at least one power input connector through a power conditioning circuit to the at least one power output connector.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">5. The power system with display of claim 1, wherein the graphics display is controlled by a graphics display controller and the graphics display controller is connected to a video input connector mounted on the periphery of the enclosure.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">6. The power system with display of claim 1, wherein the graphics display is controlled by a graphics display controller and the graphics display controller generates colors and patterns for display on the graphics display.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">7. The power system with display of claim 1, wherein the at least one power input connector is situated on a left side of the enclosure and the at least one power output connector is situated on a right side of the enclosure.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">8. A method for distributing power and providing a display comprising:</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">providing a power system with display, the power system with display comprising:</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">an enclosure;</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">a graphics display housed in a display enclosure, the display enclosure hingedly coupled to the enclosure, the graphics display connected to a graphics display controller and the graphics display controller connected to a video input connector;</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">at least one power input connector situated on the periphery of the enclosure;</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">at least one power output connector situated on the periphery of the enclosure; and</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">a power distribution device housed within the enclosure, the power distribution device adapted to accept power from the at least one power input connector and the power distribution device adapted to deliver power to the at least one power output connector;</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">connecting the at least one power input connector to a power input wire;</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">connecting the at least one power output connector to a power output wire; and</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">connecting the video input connector to a source of video.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">9. The method claim 8, wherein the power distribution device passes power from the at least one power input connector through at least one fuse to the at least one power output connector.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">10. The method claim 8, wherein the power distribution device passes power from the at least one power input connector to the at least one power output connector and at least one capacitor is coupled between the at least one power input connector and a ground potential.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">11. The method claim 8, wherein the power distribution device passes power from the at least one power input connector through a power conditioning circuit to the at least one power output connector.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">12. The method claim 8, wherein the graphics display is controlled by a graphics display controller and the graphics display controller is connected to a video input connector mounted on the periphery of the enclosure.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">13. The method claim 8, wherein the graphics display is controlled by a graphics display controller and the graphics display controller generates colors and patterns for display on the graphics display.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">14. The method claim 8, wherein the power distribution device is adapted to be installed in a first configuration and in a second configuration, in the first configuration the at least one power input connector appearing on a first side of the enclosure and in the second configuration the at least one power input connector appearing on an opposite side of the enclosure.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">15. A power system with display comprising:</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">an enclosure means;</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">a means to display graphic images mounted within a display enclosure, the display enclosure hingedly coupled to the enclosure means;</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">a means to input power situated on the periphery of the enclosure means;</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">a means to output power situated on the periphery of the enclosure means; and</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">a means to distribute power housed fixedly attached within the enclosure means, the means to distribute electrical power adapted to accept power from the means to input power and the means to distribute power adapted to deliver the electrical power to the means to output power.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">16. The power system with display of claim 15, wherein the means to distribute power passes the electrical power from the means to input power through at least one fuse means to the means to output power.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">17. The power system with display of claim 15, wherein the means to distribute power passes the electrical power from the means to input power to the means to output power and at least one capacitor is coupled between the means to input power and a ground potential.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">18. The power system with display of claim 15, wherein the means to distribute power passes the electrical power from the means to input power through a power conditioning circuit to the means to output power.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">19. The power system with display of claim 15, wherein the graphics display is controlled by a graphics display controller and the graphics display controller is connected to a video input connector mounted on the periphery of the enclosure.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">20. The power system with display of claim 15, wherein the means to display graphic images is controlled by a graphics display controller and the graphics display controller generates colors and patterns for display on the means to display graphic images.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;">21. The power system with display of claim 15, wherein the means to input power is on a left side of the enclosure and in the means to output power is on a right side of the enclosure.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
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<div class="patent-section patent-tabular-section" style="clear: both; font-size: 13.28px; margin-top: 20px;">
<div class="patent-section-header" style="margin-bottom: 1em;">
<span class="patent-section-title" style="font-size: 12pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: bold; line-height: 16pt; text-transform: uppercase;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">PATENT CITATIONS</span></span></div>
<table class="patent-data-table" style="border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(209, 209, 209); border-collapse: collapse; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; margin: 10px 0px 0px 18px;"><thead class="patent-data-table-thead" style="font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; white-space: nowrap;">
<tr class="patent-data-table" style="border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(209, 209, 209); border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 18px; margin-top: 10px;"><th class="patent-data-table-th" style="border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(209, 209, 209); padding-right: 25px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Cited Patent</span></th><th class="patent-data-table-th" style="border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(209, 209, 209); padding-right: 25px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Filing date</span></th><th class="patent-data-table-th" style="border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(209, 209, 209); padding-right: 25px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Publication date</span></th><th class="patent-data-table-th" style="border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(209, 209, 209); padding-right: 25px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Applicant</span></th><th class="patent-data-table-th" style="border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(209, 209, 209); padding-right: 25px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Title</span></th></tr>
</thead><tbody>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.google.com/patents/US5171942" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: inherit;">US5171942</span></a></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Feb 28, 1991</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Dec 15, 1992</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Southwire Company</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Oval shaped overhead conductor and method for making same</span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.google.com/patents/US5504655" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: inherit;">US5504655</span></a></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Jun 10, 1994</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Apr 2, 1996</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Westinghouse Electric Corp.</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Electric vehicle power distribution module</span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.google.com/patents/US5831413" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: inherit;">US5831413</span></a></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Aug 15, 1997</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Nov 3, 1998</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Gould; Russell H.</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Emergency light system</span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://www.google.com/patents/US5997367" style="text-decoration-line: none;">US5997367</a><span aria-label="Cited by examiner" class="patent-tooltip-anchor" data-tooltip-text="Cited by examiner" data-tooltip="Cited by examiner" style="cursor: default;"> *</span></span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Nov 19, 1998</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Dec 7, 1999</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Vlt Corporation</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Adapter</span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.google.com/patents/US6005193" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: inherit;">US6005193</span></a></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Aug 20, 1997</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Dec 21, 1999</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Markel; Mark L.</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Cable for transmitting electrical impulses</span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://www.google.com/patents/US6065677" style="text-decoration-line: none;">US6065677</a><span aria-label="Cited by examiner" class="patent-tooltip-anchor" data-tooltip-text="Cited by examiner" data-tooltip="Cited by examiner" style="cursor: default;"> *</span></span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Apr 30, 1998</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">May 23, 2000</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Ncr Corporation</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Retail terminal having a base assembly which is mountable on any one of a plurality of mounting plates and associated method</span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.google.com/patents/US6137058" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: inherit;">US6137058</span></a></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Apr 21, 1999</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Oct 24, 2000</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Commscope, Inc. Of North Carolina</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Coaxial cable</span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.google.com/patents/US6181563" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: inherit;">US6181563</span></a></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Aug 21, 1997</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Jan 30, 2001</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Nippon Seiki Co., Ltd.</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Meter device for vehicle</span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.google.com/patents/US6353177" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: inherit;">US6353177</span></a></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Jun 7, 1994</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Mar 5, 2002</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Nexans Canada Inc.</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Vibration resistant overhead electrical cable</span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.google.com/patents/US6608399" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: inherit;">US6608399</span></a></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Apr 3, 2001</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Aug 19, 2003</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Lear Corporation</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Vehicle universal docking station and electronic feature modules</span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.google.com/patents/US6746279" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: inherit;">US6746279</span></a></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Nov 7, 2000</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Jun 8, 2004</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Ixos Limited</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Power distribution system</span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.google.com/patents/US6878004" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: inherit;">US6878004</span></a></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Mar 4, 2002</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Apr 12, 2005</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Littelfuse, Inc.</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Multi-element fuse array</span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://www.google.com/patents/US6940714" style="text-decoration-line: none;">US6940714</a><span aria-label="Cited by examiner" class="patent-tooltip-anchor" data-tooltip-text="Cited by examiner" data-tooltip="Cited by examiner" style="cursor: default;"> *</span></span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Nov 6, 2003</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Sep 6, 2005</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Support for a display screen</span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://www.google.com/patents/US7145767" style="text-decoration-line: none;">US7145767</a><span aria-label="Cited by examiner" class="patent-tooltip-anchor" data-tooltip-text="Cited by examiner" data-tooltip="Cited by examiner" style="cursor: default;"> *</span></span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Nov 13, 2003</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Dec 5, 2006</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Support</span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.google.com/patents/US20040080211" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: inherit;">US20040080211</span></a></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Oct 25, 2002</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Apr 29, 2004</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Pavlacka Myron F.</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Cable management system and protective cover for a remote power supply</span></td></tr>
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<span class="patent-section-title" style="font-size: 12pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: bold; line-height: 16pt; text-transform: uppercase;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">REFERENCED BY</span></span></div>
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<tr class="patent-data-table" style="border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(209, 209, 209); border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 18px; margin-top: 10px;"><th class="patent-data-table-th" style="border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(209, 209, 209); padding-right: 25px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Citing Patent</span></th><th class="patent-data-table-th" style="border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(209, 209, 209); padding-right: 25px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Filing date</span></th><th class="patent-data-table-th" style="border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(209, 209, 209); padding-right: 25px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Publication date</span></th><th class="patent-data-table-th" style="border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(209, 209, 209); padding-right: 25px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Applicant</span></th><th class="patent-data-table-th" style="border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(209, 209, 209); padding-right: 25px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Title</span></th></tr>
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<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://www.google.com/patents/US7878868" style="text-decoration-line: none;">US7878868</a><span aria-label="Cited by examiner" class="patent-tooltip-anchor" data-tooltip-text="Cited by examiner" data-tooltip="Cited by examiner" style="cursor: default;"> *</span></span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Dec 23, 2008</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Feb 1, 2011</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Drexan Energy Systems Inc.</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Multipurpose cable connector</span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://www.google.com/patents/US8553421" style="text-decoration-line: none;">US8553421</a><span aria-label="Cited by examiner" class="patent-tooltip-anchor" data-tooltip-text="Cited by examiner" data-tooltip="Cited by examiner" style="cursor: default;"> *</span></span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Sep 14, 2010</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Oct 8, 2013</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Nohmi Bosai Ltd.</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Fire alarm system transmitter</span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://www.google.com/patents/US20100285678" style="text-decoration-line: none;">US20100285678</a><span aria-label="Cited by examiner" class="patent-tooltip-anchor" data-tooltip-text="Cited by examiner" data-tooltip="Cited by examiner" style="cursor: default;"> *</span></span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Dec 23, 2008</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Nov 11, 2010</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Drexan Energy Systems Inc.</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Multipurpose cable connector</span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://www.google.com/patents/US20110090654" style="text-decoration-line: none;">US20110090654</a><span aria-label="Cited by examiner" class="patent-tooltip-anchor" data-tooltip-text="Cited by examiner" data-tooltip="Cited by examiner" style="cursor: default;"> *</span></span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Sep 14, 2010</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Apr 21, 2011</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Akira Mizukami</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Fire alarm system transmitter</span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://www.google.com/patents/US20110312222" style="text-decoration-line: none;">US20110312222</a><span aria-label="Cited by examiner" class="patent-tooltip-anchor" data-tooltip-text="Cited by examiner" data-tooltip="Cited by examiner" style="cursor: default;"> *</span></span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Jun 16, 2011</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Dec 22, 2011</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Tanaka Yokichi J</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Multi-electrode holders</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="patent-section-footer" style="margin-left: 18px;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">* Cited by examiner</span></div>
</div>
<div class="patent-section patent-tabular-section" style="clear: both; font-size: 13.28px; margin-top: 20px;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" id="classifications"></a></span><br />
</span><br />
<div class="patent-section-header" style="margin-bottom: 1em;">
<span class="patent-section-title" style="font-size: 12pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: bold; line-height: 16pt; text-transform: uppercase;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">CLASSIFICATIONS</span></span></div>
<table class="patent-data-table" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(209, 209, 209); border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; border-style: none none solid; margin: 10px 0px 0px 18px;"><thead class="patent-data-table-thead" style="font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; white-space: nowrap;">
<tr class="patent-data-table" style="border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(209, 209, 209); border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 18px; margin-top: 10px;"><th class="patent-data-table-th" style="border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(209, 209, 209); padding-right: 25px;"></th><th class="patent-data-table-th" style="border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(209, 209, 209); padding-right: 25px;"></th></tr>
</thead><tbody>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">U.S. Classification</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><span class="nested-value"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?id=x_uBBAABERAJ&q=http://www.uspto.gov/web/patents/classification/uspc439/defs439.htm&usg=AFQjCNGRUBDlIORIREC9lh3gU-e5LKYcrg#C439S709000" saprocessedanchor="true" style="text-decoration-line: none;">439/709</a></span>, <span class="nested-value"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?id=x_uBBAABERAJ&q=http://www.uspto.gov/web/patents/classification/uspc439/defs439.htm&usg=AFQjCNGRUBDlIORIREC9lh3gU-e5LKYcrg#C439S170000" saprocessedanchor="true" style="text-decoration-line: none;">439/170</a></span></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">International Classification</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span class="nested-value"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?id=x_uBBAABERAJ&q=http://web2.wipo.int/ipcpub/&usg=AFQjCNER44F5jlVoswCkvW3YEcB5lW4moA#refresh=page&notion=scheme&version=20130101&symbol=H01R0009220000" saprocessedanchor="true" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">H01R9/22</span></a></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Cooperative Classification</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><span class="nested-value"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?id=x_uBBAABERAJ&q=http://worldwide.espacenet.com/classification&usg=AFQjCNGs5WqSrPE3A4ZP63zGuM6PRNfEFA#!/CPC=H01R31/02" saprocessedanchor="true" style="text-decoration-line: none;">H01R31/02</a></span>, <span class="nested-value"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?id=x_uBBAABERAJ&q=http://worldwide.espacenet.com/classification&usg=AFQjCNGs5WqSrPE3A4ZP63zGuM6PRNfEFA#!/CPC=H01R13/68" saprocessedanchor="true" style="text-decoration-line: none;">H01R13/68</a></span>, <span class="nested-value"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?id=x_uBBAABERAJ&q=http://worldwide.espacenet.com/classification&usg=AFQjCNGs5WqSrPE3A4ZP63zGuM6PRNfEFA#!/CPC=H01R2201/26" saprocessedanchor="true" style="text-decoration-line: none;">H01R2201/26</a></span></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">European Classification</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span class="nested-value"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">H01R31/02</span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="patent-section-footer" style="margin-left: 18px;">
</div>
</div>
<div class="patent-section patent-tabular-section" style="clear: both; color: #333333; font-size: 13.28px; margin-top: 20px;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: black;"><span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" id="legal-events"></a></span><br />
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<div class="patent-section-header" style="margin-bottom: 1em;">
<span class="patent-section-title" style="font-size: 12pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: bold; line-height: 16pt; text-transform: uppercase;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: inherit;">LEGAL EVENTS</span></span></div>
<table class="patent-data-table" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(209, 209, 209); border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; border-style: none none solid; margin: 10px 0px 0px 18px;"><thead class="patent-data-table-thead" style="font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; white-space: nowrap;">
<tr class="patent-data-table" style="border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(209, 209, 209); border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 18px; margin-top: 10px;"><th class="patent-data-table-th" style="border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(209, 209, 209); padding-right: 25px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Date</span></th><th class="patent-data-table-th" style="border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(209, 209, 209); padding-right: 25px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Code</span></th><th class="patent-data-table-th" style="border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(209, 209, 209); padding-right: 25px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Event</span></th><th class="patent-data-table-th" style="border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(209, 209, 209); padding-right: 25px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Description</span></th></tr>
</thead><tbody>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Dec 23, 2005</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">AS</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Assignment</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><div class="nested-key-value" style="margin-bottom: 4px;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><span class="nested-key" style="font-weight: bolder;">Owner name: </span><span class="nested-value">AAMP OF FLORIDA, INC., FLORIDA</span></span></div>
<div class="nested-key-value" style="margin-bottom: 4px;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><span class="nested-key" style="font-weight: bolder;">Free format text: </span><span class="nested-value">ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:LOPEZ, ALBERTO A.;CATALANO, JOHN;WINCEK, NATHAN;REEL/FRAME:017415/0022</span></span></div>
<div class="nested-key-value" style="margin-bottom: 4px;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><span class="nested-key" style="font-weight: bolder;">Effective date: </span><span class="nested-value">20051223</span></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Nov 20, 2006</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">AS</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Assignment</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><div class="nested-key-value" style="margin-bottom: 4px;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><span class="nested-key" style="font-weight: bolder;">Owner name: </span><span class="nested-value">GENERAL ELECTRIC CAPITAL CORPORATION, AS AGENT, CO</span></span></div>
<div class="nested-key-value" style="margin-bottom: 4px;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><span class="nested-key" style="font-weight: bolder;">Free format text: </span><span class="nested-value">SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:AAMP OF FLORIDA, INC.;REEL/FRAME:018552/0181</span></span></div>
<div class="nested-key-value" style="margin-bottom: 4px;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><span class="nested-key" style="font-weight: bolder;">Effective date: </span><span class="nested-value">20061116</span></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Aug 26, 2011</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">FPAY</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Fee payment</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><div class="nested-key-value" style="margin-bottom: 4px;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><span class="nested-key" style="font-weight: bolder;">Year of fee payment: </span><span class="nested-value">4</span></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Sep 4, 2015</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">FPAY</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Fee payment</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><div class="nested-key-value" style="margin-bottom: 4px;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><span class="nested-key" style="font-weight: bolder;">Year of fee payment: </span><span class="nested-value">8</span></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Oct 9, 2015</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">AS</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Assignment</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(236, 236, 236); padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><div class="nested-key-value" style="margin-bottom: 4px;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><span class="nested-key" style="font-weight: bolder;">Owner name: </span><span class="nested-value">ANTARES CAPITAL LP, AS SUCCESSOR AGENT, ILLINOIS</span></span></div>
<div class="nested-key-value" style="margin-bottom: 4px;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><span class="nested-key" style="font-weight: bolder;">Free format text: </span><span class="nested-value">ASSIGNMENT OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:GENERAL ELECTRIC CAPITAL CORPORATION, AS RETIRING AGENT;REEL/FRAME:036826/0746</span></span></div>
<div class="nested-key-value" style="margin-bottom: 4px;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><span class="nested-key" style="font-weight: bolder;">Effective date: </span><span class="nested-value">20150821</span></span></div>
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albertoalopezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01993782226348320330noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5773772622008994113.post-59953583081114978042016-07-30T00:09:00.000-04:002016-08-02T15:12:26.194-04:00Face-off: Top Midbass Speakers (Part 2)<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<span style="font-size: large;">Welcome to the second part of the comprehensive comparison between the industry's best midbass units. Yes, I know that the test's goals are more than ambitious. but we already defined that Jerry was crazy</span>. In any case, I sure found the first installment on the quest for the best midbass speaker to be quite interesting. Perhaps the information has been a little dry or even wonky for some. Let's remember that we are dealing with physics. There is a process for all science related matters. So far, Jerry has done a great job balancing between the needed rigor and keeping information simple enough for most enthusiasts.<br />
But we should now prepare for the conclusion. This is what all the preparation was needed for. Very quickly, Jerry will address each speaker system from the most subjective angle in all the project: the listening experience. But why wait? Let's move on to the conclusion:<br />
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<b><span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-size: large;">The Art of the Mid -Woofer; </span></b><br />
<b><span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-size: large;">11 Top Midbass Woofers Face-off!</span></b><br />
<b><span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-size: large;">(Part 2)</span></b><br />
<b><span style="color: #b4a7d6;">By Jerry Niebur</span></b><br />
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<b><span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-size: large;">The Results</span></b></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsOoxDx9n3k8TOGxTZw495V3IPVlcxiv2kMCi5ie6CIboWIbYqtZa12hIVXez6DLPjrw2-jfTu14P4R3cEutQV3l6bnNapTTWN8CySweWPB3Q1bAeSbqZhF6z44taKmA2IjLYAEGlq9TNy/s1600/Hybrid+Audio+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="color: #b4a7d6;"><img alt="Closeup Picture of Hybrid Audio Technologies' L6SE speaker" border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsOoxDx9n3k8TOGxTZw495V3IPVlcxiv2kMCi5ie6CIboWIbYqtZa12hIVXez6DLPjrw2-jfTu14P4R3cEutQV3l6bnNapTTWN8CySweWPB3Q1bAeSbqZhF6z44taKmA2IjLYAEGlq9TNy/s200/Hybrid+Audio+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" title="The Art of the Mid -Woofer; 11 Top Midbass Woofers Face-off! (Part 2)" width="198" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Hybrid Audio</span></td></tr>
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<b><span style="color: #b4a7d6;">SCORING SYSTEM</span></b></div>
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">The results of this test will be represented by a 4-Tier scoring system for the 11 drivers tested. Drivers in “Tier 1” scored the highest of the test group, while drivers in “Tier 4” scored the lowest of the test group.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">The scores given to the mid-woofers in the individual categories determined the final tier placement for each driver. We will not divulge the actual scoring sheets.</span></div>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">The mid-woofers appear in alphabetical order in the tier in which they were placed. Technical data is presented at the end in alphabetical order by the manufacturer name.</span><br />
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<b><span style="color: #b4a7d6;">TIER 4 MID-WOOFERS</span></b><br />
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Eighteen Sound 6ND430</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">This company was started in Italy in 1997 and is a division of a much larger Italian company called AEB. AEB is involved in aquatics, alternative fuels, robotics, and well, you guessed it... drivers. It goes to show you that genius engineers of all types study speaker design; think about it, a speaker is an electro mechanical and magnetic device that also involves spring technology. This speaker features a neodymium magnet with an interesting surround, treated cone and a nice heat sink on the magnet assembly. It seems this baby was built for long-term abuse and sound reinforcement but their website clearly states “built for two way systems”.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">These drivers finished in Tier 4 due to their poor overall performance relative to the other drivers in this test. All the testers were in consensus, stating these drivers were dead and lifeless sounding. Each tester also noted that these particular mid-woofers, while extending somewhat low, suffered from a lack of midbass impact and what they did play sounded muddy. They did not correctly replicate proper impact or loudness in varying textures of lower frequencies. The Eighteen Sound’s midrange sounded hollow and nasally, lacking a natural tonal quality. The overall presentation of music was substantially inferior to the other drivers in this test. Furthermore, the soundstage lacked depth, image placement, and lifelike presence.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">There was no discernable difference of opinion between on-axis and off-axis testing. For these reasons, this woofer’s sonic performance was uninvolving. Consequently, these mid-woofers would be recommended for a different type of application.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqJFoTcaZe1NTKJ2uwwvEYP1HSl_GmK6-4ykUbDjFfUB7WmShhGndU4rIVpwnX2wgclugqdMrRghcx1AvNaH1g71NHHuvw32cV7sIyBaBGXcgBB_yAJqwjj2lGfL6cjCYt56CsmO6DSVlD/s1600/18+Sound-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: #b4a7d6;"></span></a></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqJFoTcaZe1NTKJ2uwwvEYP1HSl_GmK6-4ykUbDjFfUB7WmShhGndU4rIVpwnX2wgclugqdMrRghcx1AvNaH1g71NHHuvw32cV7sIyBaBGXcgBB_yAJqwjj2lGfL6cjCYt56CsmO6DSVlD/s1600/18+Sound-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Image of performance Chart of Eighteen Sound 6ND430 speakers" border="0" height="262" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqJFoTcaZe1NTKJ2uwwvEYP1HSl_GmK6-4ykUbDjFfUB7WmShhGndU4rIVpwnX2wgclugqdMrRghcx1AvNaH1g71NHHuvw32cV7sIyBaBGXcgBB_yAJqwjj2lGfL6cjCYt56CsmO6DSVlD/s400/18+Sound-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" title="The Eighteen Sound 6ND430 speakers came in at Tier 4 performance, "Too Many Flaws" in the test. "The Eighteen Sound’s midrange sounded hollow and nasally, lacking a natural tonal quality."" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #b4a7d6;"><i>Click Image to Enlarge</i></span></td></tr>
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">SEAS EXCEL W18NX-001</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">The Seas Excel hails from Norway and Seas is a well known manufacturer of raw drivers designed for use in both home and car loudspeaker systems.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">In this test they were also clearly in tier 4 with the Eighteen Sounds. The Seas Excel’s had a poor overall tonal balance. The listeners described the reproduction of the midrange frequencies as bright and brittle, and unanimously agreed these drivers exhibited a beaming quality in the upper midrange. These drivers generally lacked output and articulation in the lower midrange and midbass, sounding as if these frequencies were just missing. The sound of the Seas was so thin that many listeners thought the polarity had inadvertently been reversed. Unfortunately for the Seas, polarity was confirmed, and the drivers were indeed in phase. However, there is still the possibility of a technical issue with these particular drivers.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">The testers also noted that these drivers were very dry and clinical sounding, lacking in musicality, validating the above characteristics. The Soundstage depth was considered poor and seemed to suffer from the overbearing high frequency information, causing the singer to get lost amongst the other instruments. Additionally, there was an inconsistency in the varying musical tracks on the top frequencies. Considering the performance of the other drivers in this test, these performed well below average. Given all the attributes at all frequencies, these drivers do not receive our recommendation as a top performance midbass and you are best served by another choice.</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgclRXqtjdkGsj8IbGDoU7lDZZf-yQebML860QTOV5ty-YHqq0o0lZinxqflZTUzjmptInO4xg3PabUE-XTVAf0D2VN1HUyylIciF-LBPXLNeeDcb3NjUGtD9kAcG0axBI8KVBkgC3mdkvz/s1600/Seas+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Image of performance Chart of SEAS EXCEL W18NX-001 speakers" border="0" height="253" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgclRXqtjdkGsj8IbGDoU7lDZZf-yQebML860QTOV5ty-YHqq0o0lZinxqflZTUzjmptInO4xg3PabUE-XTVAf0D2VN1HUyylIciF-LBPXLNeeDcb3NjUGtD9kAcG0axBI8KVBkgC3mdkvz/s400/Seas+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" title="The SEAS EXCEL W18NX-001 speakers came in at Tier 4 performance, "Too Many Flaws" in the test. "These drivers were very dry and clinical sounding, lacking in musicality."" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
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<b><span style="color: #b4a7d6;">TIER 3 MID-WOOFERS</span></b><br />
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Audio Technology C-QUENZE 18H</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">The Audio Technology C-Quenze 18H is also manufactured in Denmark, along with the Dynaudio, Vifa and Scan-Speak brands. Drivers made by Audio Technology enjoy a prestigious pedigree; its founder is known for his experience and long history of loudspeaker design and innovation.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Surprisingly, relative to the other drivers in this test, these drivers faired only reasonably well, earning a Tier 3 rating. These mid-woofers lacked fullness to the midbass, especially in male vocals and varying drum tracks. In addition, articulation in the lower midrange lacked the finesse associated with a high quality driver. What midbass these drivers did have sounded a tad muddy and smeared. Where this speaker did do well was upper midrange, which is surprising considering it looks like a very heavy-duty driver; its robust stature would suggest incredible midbass impact, which was not the case. Interestingly, this driver performed well in the upper midrange. The presentation and staging also suffered due to the tonal inaccuracies in the lower registers. These drivers made the soundstage sound much smaller than it actually was, but the placement of images within the soundstage was reasonably well defined. Overall, these drivers were not impressive, and consequently, the sound was characterized as rather boring and uninvolving. It is noteworthy that Audio Technology offers customized products; you can actually tailor the Thiele/Small parameters and have them build a driver to your specifications, which is pretty cool.</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmQsYJ0JV4982i_cyWf0AHpVRhGFrv24_QC9scc99Hg6i0itFjoZ75Cdk8FBrLI0AQXuI6obvnsPs_ASfCSS7WlsGNZ-A4NLwsz64Sa8oNr3Std8VnEj1SowFy-fWWqpzrf7H7RIwaSCcG/s1600/AudioTechnology+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Image of performance Chart of Audio Technology C-QUENZE 18H speakers" border="0" height="265" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmQsYJ0JV4982i_cyWf0AHpVRhGFrv24_QC9scc99Hg6i0itFjoZ75Cdk8FBrLI0AQXuI6obvnsPs_ASfCSS7WlsGNZ-A4NLwsz64Sa8oNr3Std8VnEj1SowFy-fWWqpzrf7H7RIwaSCcG/s400/AudioTechnology+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" title="The Audio Technology C-QUENZE 18H speakers came in at Tier 3 performance, "OK, but with Flaws" in the test. "What midbass these drivers did have sounded a tad muddy and smeared."" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">JBL 660GTi</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">James B. Lansing founded JBL, which is now owned by Harmon International. JBL makes a variety of highly regarded products and has a vast history in speaker building. They are successful not only in the consumer market, but also in the professional and sound reinforcement. They have engineered a number of well-respected woofers using their own Aquaplas coating system and the Bi-Radial® horn-loaded drivers. During the early 1990's, they took much of what they had learned in the professional arena and applied it to their mobile products, creating what was known as the GTi series. Since then, the GTi line has grown into a full line of drivers. The JBL 660GTi midbass was designed to be the reference level mobile product.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Despite its lofty heritage, the 660 GTi was another woofer whose sonic performance was uninvolving enough to land it in Tier 3. Its overall presentation was mellow and what some judges reported as flat. Midbass frequencies sounded dull and lacked the impact of better scoring drivers.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">With these drivers, drums lacked slam and sounded muddy. Like the Audio Technology, they had reasonably good upper mid-range detail and sounded best on acoustical guitar passages, but the low extension even on acoustic guitar was missing the necessary harmonics to move it up in the ranks. Overall, most instruments lacked life, sounding dull and emotionless. Nonetheless, the 660GTi’s exhibited reasonably good soundstage depth, height, and width. Due to its overall somewhat lacking overall performance, the judges unanimously agreed the JBL driver deserved a Tier 3 ranking.</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWj7d8z71LQtV-OC3V5zLBo9Va5d1KBp2obf2spQg1Fmr6Na8lBD-6c6Sg8KwainjBcyJD0NJd63_k6gXIolrisVgUjQo4u4u90wXSMpu5dTfLxEsb-71uBd5wEha1u1i5S1S8ptXttxge/s1600/JBL+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Image of performance Chart of JBL 660GTi speakers" border="0" height="263" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWj7d8z71LQtV-OC3V5zLBo9Va5d1KBp2obf2spQg1Fmr6Na8lBD-6c6Sg8KwainjBcyJD0NJd63_k6gXIolrisVgUjQo4u4u90wXSMpu5dTfLxEsb-71uBd5wEha1u1i5S1S8ptXttxge/s400/JBL+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" title="The JBL 660GTi speakers came in at Tier 3 performance, "OK, but with Flaws" in the test. "Midbass frequencies sounded dull and lacked the impact of better scoring drivers."" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Vifa NE180W-04</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Vifa is also another brand hailing out of Denmark and has a long history of building drivers used in many DIY home audio kits. They manufacture a myriad of drivers with a wide range of parameters. This particular driver, like the Scan- Speak, uses a unique basket design allowing for welldirected airflow around the coil, while at the same time minimizing air turbulence from the spider-cone-magnet structure. This air turbulence, if not properly controlled and minimized, can create noise in the driver thus increasing audible distortion. Vifa and Scan-Speak have successfully developed their own technological approach to address the design challenges associated with turbulences. The driver’s cone also employs a unique geometry and wood pulp material developed by Vifa.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Even with all this technology, the Vifa NE180W-04 mid-woofers earned a Tier 3 ranking. This drivers exhibited poor low-frequency extension combined with inadequate midbass impact and heft. In more complicated passages, the midbass was further muddied and somewhat compressed sounding. Midrange frequencies also sounded harsh at times, sounding rather sharp and a bit beamy in the upper midrange. One common characteristic among Tier 3 woofers was the lack of articulation and involvement during playback; very dull from top to bottom. Its score on staging and imaging were VERY poor and one of the worst in the test. The testers unanimously agreed the stage depth was poor. The soundstage sounded rather one-dimensional with everything running together on a flat plane. This speaker could have been ranked in Tier 4, but the performance characteristics of the Tier 4 drivers were much worse than the Vifa.</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsvHHV9ospTHEaBMILzYnNzbEljl86rjVK8TYiY0HqI6eQSjzG0GMjxyJqA79995_Oy7mbRkI0qxi03hF5CGhktHQaq31eARc_AuJOergGs2Epa3eKmbkC9mxJ7wFCeXygDAq8X5hJclAY/s1600/Vifa+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Image of performance Chart of Vifa NE180W-04 speakers" border="0" height="272" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsvHHV9ospTHEaBMILzYnNzbEljl86rjVK8TYiY0HqI6eQSjzG0GMjxyJqA79995_Oy7mbRkI0qxi03hF5CGhktHQaq31eARc_AuJOergGs2Epa3eKmbkC9mxJ7wFCeXygDAq8X5hJclAY/s400/Vifa+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" title="The Vifa NE180W-04 speakers came in at Tier 3 performance, "OK, but with Flaws" in the test. "Midrange frequencies sounded harsh at times, sounding rather sharp and a bit beamy."" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
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<b><span style="color: #b4a7d6;">TIER 2 MID-WOOFERS</span></b><br />
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Exodus Ex-Anarchy</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">The Exodus Ex-Anarchy mid-woofers came from a website that sells high-end cables named www.DIYcable.com. They are mostly a do-it-yourself website and the future for these drivers seems uncertain as per their website. From the website and the Exodus Audio data sheet, the driver appears to have been designed by Dan Wiggins at Acoustic Development International. This thing is a beast in both size and heft. The manufacturer claims significant midbass output, while minimizing associated turbulence and noises created from the mechanics of the driver. Given its commendable sonic performance at its affordable price point, this driver is undoubtedly the high value winner of this test. At $180 a pair, they are the bargain.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">These mid-woofers scored well in the test. One of their best attributes was the even balance throughout the frequency range. As their beefy size might indicate, they excelled in midbass performance. The midbass had good impact, although it was a tad muddy, and at times, it sounded more like test tones than natural sounding midbass. Its midrange reproduction was good, although not impressive. There was some upper-end midrange resonance apparent during many of the songs especially during complex musical passages. Separation was poor throughout the entire frequency range, as many instruments and frequencies seemed to blend into one during the more demanding musical passages. The Exodus threw a large soundstage and scored well in height, depth, and width with all the testers. Overall, these drivers were solid performers and ranked well among the other drivers. As discussed in the “Ultimate Midrange Shootout”, a product like the Exodus, and a few others in this test, would greatly benefit from a dedicated midrange. In the midrange test, we had some high-value offerings that would compliment this driver quite well.</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvg7GCgu1uawxSaCoB_UaP7CWEkq1BbpTIK-bkrWuLVDF8SOvQ-WrnnW7y_3QlR7KdHWgN2dw3PV5LyoWYzIoCPyTH3hfSuBZsxW34egxeaWeNreq0YZGY577i3nb8y8e9Ks12DJbBYtuH/s1600/Exodus+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Image of performance Chart of Exodus Ex-Anarchy speakers" border="0" height="255" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvg7GCgu1uawxSaCoB_UaP7CWEkq1BbpTIK-bkrWuLVDF8SOvQ-WrnnW7y_3QlR7KdHWgN2dw3PV5LyoWYzIoCPyTH3hfSuBZsxW34egxeaWeNreq0YZGY577i3nb8y8e9Ks12DJbBYtuH/s400/Exodus+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" title="The Exodus Ex-Anarchy speakers came in at Tier 2 performance, "Great Contenders" in the test. "There was some upper-end midrange resonance apparent during many of the songs especially during complex musical passages."" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNOIbhddsf04-skbvqk0CpkPUhvAokJ26hAHQaeIof0wgKPc3djh6Ukq5CjzqJPq6Fvc9EXRBGttutYLVYyQlKY1Lb2rw6MY8ASmE2km2bSoQC2VHOL7h3W004RbG2hlyXw48WjpAciNRp/s1600/Exodus+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><i><span style="color: #b4a7d6;"></span></i></a></div>
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Hybrid Audio Technologies L6SE</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Hybrid Audio Technologies was founded in 2005 by Scott Buwalda, a multi-time champion in car audio sound quality competitions. The Hybrid Audio Technologies L6SE mid-woofers are the company’s top-of-the-line, reference-quality Special Edition. This gorgeous driver features a copper phase plug, a lightweight paper cone, and superb quality-related details.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">This driver did many things well during this test. The midbass was detailed but didn’t quite match the superb impact and volume typical of Tier 1 drivers. The midbass frequencies simply needed more output and impact in the lower octaves. The female voices sounded airy and smooth, but the male voices sounded a little flat and lacked the visceral presentation of some of the higher scoring drivers. Instruments had good separation and the acoustic guitar sounded lively and palpable, due to its good midrange articulation and speed. These mid-woofers had great upper end detail and impact throughout the midrange frequencies, but at times sounded a bit strained. The main thing these drivers lacked was fullness to the sound, sounding accurate and correct, but falling short in the lower octaves. The testers unanimously agreed the soundstage was good, rendering it of proper size and height, depth, and width. The HAT L6SE overall performance was very good but just missing some presentation in lower octaves, sometimes sounding as if it would do better as a dedicated mid-range. In this test a great overall driver.</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFVc0lzmmpanGPLQzYh1jzM2LsMDpLDexYZbHwIBg141m1SLuT8lUlyBeGU_0GQvXbEMKc6IKcH1N-Yei-7iED7RKbBKFHF_MHSNZ-RgAG1pj8tTIFFm5eAniQATdYcjNu9EbDwU1N4w9S/s1600/Hybrid+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Image of performance Chart of Hybrid Audio Technologies L6SE speakers" border="0" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFVc0lzmmpanGPLQzYh1jzM2LsMDpLDexYZbHwIBg141m1SLuT8lUlyBeGU_0GQvXbEMKc6IKcH1N-Yei-7iED7RKbBKFHF_MHSNZ-RgAG1pj8tTIFFm5eAniQATdYcjNu9EbDwU1N4w9S/s400/Hybrid+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" title="The Hybrid Audio Technologies L6SE speakers came in at Tier 2 performance, "Great Contenders" in the test. "The main thing these drivers lacked was fullness to the sound, sounding accurate and correct, but falling short in the lower octaves."" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi63dpFL0FgyqfreVat4Kc5kyuiBw8h5Z_AAUVmgKFQDhSal5TcNpBqSIf2zgIDHaX1tBH5BnboT8OgTSGHqqA-g8PLfAe1ka4vkLgh9mgTbskXblKre8-pwuQIlh7H-HSQQ5laZV5OpFg8/s1600/Hybrid+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><i><span style="color: #b4a7d6;"></span></i></a></div>
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Pioneer TS-C172PRS</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Pioneer has long history of leadership in producing reference level mobile audio products. These mid-woofers are part of Pioneer’s newest Stage 4 reference level component set, which consists of mid-woofers, tweeters, and crossovers. Pioneer also offers a full electronic compliment (source unit and amplifier) as part of Stage 4. We are also very curious about their amplifiers [hmmm … future test? hint, hint].</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">The Pioneer TS-C172PRS mid-woofers sounded really nice overall with a pleasant balance throughout all frequencies. The lower bass capability was, like the Hybrids, lacking in the lower registers. The drivers did not have much low-frequency extension, and did get a little muddy down low, causing separation to suffer. The Pioneer’s midrange frequencies were also good, having wonderful detail in the upper frequencies. The Pioneer’s had threw a precise and reasonably large sound stage, with very good width, height, and width. These mid-woofers also scored well in the category of tonality. All testers were generally positive toward the Pioneer’s performance but they did fall short in bottom end resolution - clearly earning them a Tier 2 slot. Overall, another good sounding mid-woofer that just didn’t seem to extend very low and did not possess capabilities characteristic of the Tier 1 drivers.</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhewaCpjnQ7NUCDDli-FDAQOsD8j5Ia9hyphenhyphenN2RqUzitN9oYrIpXxXxvsG4VMB7xHdz97TP4ZnLsJtFLgqHcABvv3YlKF1r3APwPzrNA83Se7b0IYYpWYviyqwkJb2iAxiraOzkYAH1LKznrC/s1600/Pioneer+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Image of performance Chart of Pioneer TS-C172PRS speakers" border="0" height="267" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhewaCpjnQ7NUCDDli-FDAQOsD8j5Ia9hyphenhyphenN2RqUzitN9oYrIpXxXxvsG4VMB7xHdz97TP4ZnLsJtFLgqHcABvv3YlKF1r3APwPzrNA83Se7b0IYYpWYviyqwkJb2iAxiraOzkYAH1LKznrC/s400/Pioneer+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" title="The Pioneer TS-C172PRS speakers came in at Tier 2 performance, "Great Contenders" in the test. "All testers were generally positive toward the Pioneer’s performance but they did fall short in bottom end resolution"" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaEN2XSjOXVe9hPJV8Kgn7U6CNy9rA6mdGfsm3xWgbX7s4Xoe23F4kiMlsva9xwr_ckyKYkYIljU7COcOpJdsaQoKkygoDl653J-x_dzFDlKWH4h4o-zJLgV3kORK8Hl7l4XuRrhefXc4t/s1600/Pioneer+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><i><span style="color: #b4a7d6;"></span></i></a></div>
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<b><span style="color: #b4a7d6;">TIER 1 MID-WOOFERS</span></b><br />
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Dynaudio Esotar2 e650</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Dynaudio is fully engineered and manufactured in Denmark in their state-of-the-art facility. Dynaudio became famous for the performance and quality of their drivers that were, and still are, considered to be amongst the very best. Due to their reputation for performance and quality, Dynaudio drivers were used in many high-end speaker brands like Wilson Audio, Sonus Faber and Thiel, to name a few. Among Dynaudio’s many innovations in driver design, the most obvious is their proprietary magnesium silicate polymer cone, and their large, but lightweight, voice coil with internal magnets.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">We tested the Esotar2 650, a mid-woofer from its flagship line of Esotar products.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Does all this extra effort in engineering, production and design pay off for Dynaudio? In a word YES. The Esotar2 650’s performed very well in this test with excellent extension in the lower registers. The midbass extension went very low, with very good midbass impact, articulation and detail. The performance in the midbass was effortless - even when going deep it still maintained its composure. Additionally, even in complex musical passages, the driver never strained. Midrange detail was exceptional, with subtleties much more noticeable throughout. Upper vocals sounded airy and natural, while lower vocals were strong and energetic, but still sounded true to life. Everything in a musical passage was played correctly and accurately. The actual descriptive comments from testers were – it‘s lifelike, non-fatiguing, full-bodied, and awesome. The overall soundstage was expansive and precise with excellent height, width and depth that created a 3-dimentional, almost holographic, soundstage with pinpoint images. Overall, this was an excellent sounding driver well deserving of its Tier 1 ranking.</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg11cJeSuZVUZ362GzY87546CBzYocy_1lxxgJVIEvnmCfX_IOE69AF8rQ1KdBC0-hqIqV4RjMSPoVOs6lalloN26zfG8smfHM5m0Di0SHhgVXIWWW4Dnn-6nVGmeVLXBzXnD3gwUrNzGy4/s1600/Dynaudio+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Image of performance Chart of Dynaudio Esotar2 e650 speakers" border="0" height="262" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg11cJeSuZVUZ362GzY87546CBzYocy_1lxxgJVIEvnmCfX_IOE69AF8rQ1KdBC0-hqIqV4RjMSPoVOs6lalloN26zfG8smfHM5m0Di0SHhgVXIWWW4Dnn-6nVGmeVLXBzXnD3gwUrNzGy4/s400/Dynaudio+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" title="The Dynaudio Esotar2 e650 speakers came in at Tier 1 performance, "The Absolute Best" in the test. "Midrange detail was exceptional, with subtleties much more noticeable throughout."" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWndCoyJLtc75saK8x9rx4qnd__NskWjwpo14m_X1-5O5feRMgA_tpQlfGWkvo-r785dJqAYPm07WmzQEkmxnO5VRaA4NFvxgxvMHQE50IDUq2wd_0gUdHeg0h8OEqfK8Gzp9uVfp97Irn/s1600/Dynaudio+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><i><span style="color: #b4a7d6;"></span></i></a></div>
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">PHASS MD0790</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Phass is manufactured in Japan and first began as an amplifier company manufacturing a unique, but very serious, RE line of amplifiers. Their powerful solid-state amps utilize topology usually found in high-end tube amplifiers. At that time they offered two more high-end series amplifier families, one of which was the entry AP series which won a few awards and accolades for their performance. 1996 was the official beginning for Phass, and about a year later they began selling loudspeaker drivers.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">The MD0790 is Phass’ top reference level offering and we are happy to report they have succeeded. This is a wonderful driver that utilizes a lightweight paper cone, high-density resin basket, and rare alnico magnet. These mid-woofers also scored very well in this test and ended up in the top tier. Tier 1 placement is impressive, as this company is more know for it high end amps [upcoming test? hint - details to be released]. The seriousness of this driver’s performance was immediately obvious. These mid-woofers sounded very full in their delivery, exhibiting very good low-end extension, with good impact in the lower mid-range frequencies. The driver’s deficit to the top two was due to its inability to convey the proper impact and drive like the Scan-Speak and Dynaudio. The Phass had good detail and separation throughout the entire passband, allowing the testers to easily hear the individual instruments. The midrange was pleasing and lifelike, and the stage presentation had good height, width, and depth, with good instrument separation and proper placement. The music played through the PHASS MD0790 is realistic sounding and tonally accurate. Well done!!</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiSZ1UD8pjzLaq5DjjpPCnTkIGQ0T6AHgebAmgtmVMDOIJ1-0rtFoi9wT4lAaH9ZwVdcOEuyDgQ28vP9eEf_PT0Xowfp6KZCUewsHri7RRUxn_nSrQGrOqbfIMVBnp-nKXf9OsBVd9ROYB/s1600/Phass+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Image of performance Chart of PHASS MD0790 speakers" border="0" height="268" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiSZ1UD8pjzLaq5DjjpPCnTkIGQ0T6AHgebAmgtmVMDOIJ1-0rtFoi9wT4lAaH9ZwVdcOEuyDgQ28vP9eEf_PT0Xowfp6KZCUewsHri7RRUxn_nSrQGrOqbfIMVBnp-nKXf9OsBVd9ROYB/s400/Phass+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" title="The PHASS MD0790 speakers came in at Tier 1 performance, "The Absolute Best" in the test. "These mid-woofers sounded very full in their delivery, exhibiting very good low-end extension, with good impact in the lower mid-range frequencies."" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipjsxXXQXLrh5wujF7YZqMxR8rYN2RrS7j0H-KLBnT1wcj0dUfzRMStgoYOXQCsZKTSjyIDAjK6m9c-I_J1WtcCe_J2YIKRPMjjOYTL8jwR3gQQeyz2x8tJ85xmVvP6LGNMOMXs0hrFCnm/s1600/Phass+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><i><span style="color: #b4a7d6;"></span></i></a></div>
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Scan-Speak 18WU/4741T-00</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Scan-Speak, like Dynaudio, is one of the world’s premier loudspeaker manufactures and arguably one of the best. The company started production in 1970 and quickly became sought after because of the performance, low distortion and quality construction. Designed and manufactured in Denmark,</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Scan-Speak is known worldwide for its careful manufacturing and quality control. You will find that Scan-Speak also has some automotive offerings but for this test we wanted the best from their Illuminator product line.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">The Scan-Speak 18WU’s midbass performance was also stellar, earning a Tier 1 placement. Its performance in these lower registers was also effortless and clean. It was punchy and authoritative when it needed to be, and gently refined when the music called for those subtleties. Like the other two in this tier you can keep on listening, it was tonally right. The midrange was also amazing with tremendous timbral accuracy, and an appropriate sense of air. The only nitpick was absence of upper-end detail. Other than that, this was one of the top performing drivers of the test. The soundstage was precise and three-dimensional, with incredible height, width, and depth that made the stage came alive with well-separated instruments and vocals.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">These drivers had good detail throughout most of the passband with a very nice, rich texture. These mid-woofers were full of energy and presence, while sounding tonally accurate and lifelike. Overall, this was a superb sounding mid-woofer that did almost everything right.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkcKyD6DYzAhyphenhyphenuFG6fNYAJnDY-IvEvrevlAKSOi8gF8clnNN9HWMwmta4X7m7rEFVXzJ7gxGdZXuxXYDQDie_2bwT4sXq8U9vhydAyW8a2w66c6IzqiIAHajwtbDDatP5SQYIB6YMzneOx/s1600/Scanspeak+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: #b4a7d6;"></span></a></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkcKyD6DYzAhyphenhyphenuFG6fNYAJnDY-IvEvrevlAKSOi8gF8clnNN9HWMwmta4X7m7rEFVXzJ7gxGdZXuxXYDQDie_2bwT4sXq8U9vhydAyW8a2w66c6IzqiIAHajwtbDDatP5SQYIB6YMzneOx/s1600/Scanspeak+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Image of performance Chart of Scan-Speak 18WU/4741T-00 speakers" border="0" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkcKyD6DYzAhyphenhyphenuFG6fNYAJnDY-IvEvrevlAKSOi8gF8clnNN9HWMwmta4X7m7rEFVXzJ7gxGdZXuxXYDQDie_2bwT4sXq8U9vhydAyW8a2w66c6IzqiIAHajwtbDDatP5SQYIB6YMzneOx/s400/Scanspeak+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" title="The Scan-Speak 18WU/4741T-00 speakers came in at Tier 1 performance, "The Absolute Best" in the test. "The midrange was also amazing with tremendous timbral accuracy, and an appropriate sense of air."" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
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<b><span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-size: large;">CONCLUSION</span></b><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">“High performance” or “reference” is thrown around too easily these days and those designations seem to be driven more by marketing than solid engineering and superior build quality. Further confusing the decision process can be the vast information available on the internet. While the internet serves as an excellent starting guideline for product research, it is also filled with unverifiable verdicts and opinions. We were resolute in our unbiased testing to find superior performing midbass drivers. As always, consider your own priorities, installation limits, and goals. “Tier 1” placement was reserved for drivers that played effortlessly and accurately while still maintaining their midrange resolution even at realistic volume levels. Overall this placement is reserved for outstanding performance with majority consensus amongst the judges. Any driver in “Tier 1” will reward with exceptional performance. “Tier 2” drivers are an excellent option and should still be considered. Drivers in this group did everything well but have a shortcoming to “Tier 1” drivers. The products in “Tier 3” have some good characteristics but were lacking in numerous performance variables as compared to the top two tiers. “Tier 3” drivers, and even in some instances “Tier 2” drivers, would gain performance with the addition of a dedicated midrange. It was the opinion of all the judges that “Tier 4” was not in the same caliber as the other drivers and were not to be considered. The Seas drivers in this test could have had some defect given their poor results, but given the time constraints we could not verify this. The Eighteen Sounds seems to have been designed for another purpose other than a dedicated midbass for two-way system duties.</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpgN4RGXnFmf9GIiV0VbdmHxY-BhkezDLCJfr2CQKYuJvRZUngqWs_uU1nLAMtyBhCCdYGYS5zog-_3WGcI5f-MtRy5w6pFNHB8cfPobx7uXAtzoDLPu6H7Oy95eYBjXPapPmwZnh7KgXa/s1600/omparison+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Graphs of COMPARISON OF IMPORTANT MEASURED TESTING PARAMETERS" border="0" height="241" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpgN4RGXnFmf9GIiV0VbdmHxY-BhkezDLCJfr2CQKYuJvRZUngqWs_uU1nLAMtyBhCCdYGYS5zog-_3WGcI5f-MtRy5w6pFNHB8cfPobx7uXAtzoDLPu6H7Oy95eYBjXPapPmwZnh7KgXa/s400/omparison+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" title="These bar graphs show that data doesn’t correlate to expected performance. " width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Click Image to Enlarge</span></i></td></tr>
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Using these bar graphs, further visual guidance is quickly given on the performance of these drivers in this test. This section shows that some specified data doesn’t correlate to expected performance especially in the lower octaves. Considering the ultimate goal for these drivers is a mobile installation, special consideration must be made to mounting depth. If your desire is to build dedicated door enclosures our graph shows which drivers work best in the smallest enclosures. Even if you choose to mount your drivers in "free air", our graph helps you select drivers designed to perform best for that application.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">While there is no such thing as the perfect speaker, there are some that are far better than others: some that put a big smile on your face, some that made you wince once and a while, and some that made you question logic and intelligence - we wanted big smiles……we got them!</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">For any questions or comments, please email me at jerry_hdma@cox.net.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;"><br /></span>
<br />
<i><span style="color: #b4a7d6;">" ... loudspeaker design is still largely an art. Engineering will guide the way, but it is no substitute for good taste, good sense, and musical sensitivity. If Engineering were all it took, there would be no bad or even mediocre loudspeakers to think about."</span> <span style="color: magenta;">(</span></i><b><i><span style="color: magenta;">5)</span></i></b><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGl6364XapKdK7kFcEL0B8PV2VZbuie5OnoDfv10asEpv4eGIqsDwFDhxfziWFs1rFsrea8GUAN-68l_ktiWnt8d-YpILoTQ0aVmBKx_FBWW51UHkSWWa_yi8gelIYfGWdgQl-kaBwd1J_/s1600/Hybrid+Dynaudio+%2526+PHASS++-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Photo image of Hybrid L6SE, Dynaudio Esotar2 650 and PHASS MD0790" border="0" height="208" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGl6364XapKdK7kFcEL0B8PV2VZbuie5OnoDfv10asEpv4eGIqsDwFDhxfziWFs1rFsrea8GUAN-68l_ktiWnt8d-YpILoTQ0aVmBKx_FBWW51UHkSWWa_yi8gelIYfGWdgQl-kaBwd1J_/s320/Hybrid+Dynaudio+%2526+PHASS++-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" title="" ... loudspeaker design is still largely an art. Engineering will guide the way, but it is no substitute for good taste, good sense, and musical sensitivity. If Engineering were all it took, there would be no bad or even mediocre loudspeakers to think about."" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Hybrid, Dynaudio & PHASS</span></td></tr>
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<b><span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Reference</span></b><br />
<i><b><span style="color: magenta;">(1)</span></b></i> <span style="color: #b4a7d6;">V. Dickason, The Loudspeaker Design Cookbook, 6th Ed., Audio Amateur Press, ©2000, pp. 23-32, 155-171.</span><br />
<i><b><span style="color: magenta;">(2)</span></b></i> <span style="color: #b4a7d6;">H. J. Weibell and R. Bywater, Practical Design of Optimal Sealed-Box Loudspeaker Systems, Audio Engineering Society, reprint 2105 (C-2), 1984.</span><br />
<i><b><span style="color: magenta;">(3)</span></b></i> <span style="color: #b4a7d6;">V. Dickason, The Loudspeaker Design Cookbook, 6th Ed., Audio Amateur Press, ©2000, pp. 173-183.</span><br />
<i><b><span style="color: magenta;">(4)</span></b></i> <span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Ibid. p. 33.</span><br />
<i><b><span style="color: magenta;">(5)</span></b></i> <span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Vance Dickason, The Loudspeaker Design Cookbook, 6th ed., 2000, p. 155.</span><br />
<i><b><span style="color: magenta;">(6)</span></b></i> <span style="color: #b4a7d6;">V. Dickason, The Loudspeaker Design Cookbook, 6th Ed., Audio Amateur Press, ©2000, p. 105.</span><br />
<i><b><span style="color: magenta;">(7)</span></b></i> <span style="color: #b4a7d6;">http://www.diyaudio.com/forums/multi-way/192215-phase-plug.html</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">*The above illustrates and supports your editors’ findings and conclusions derived from the “The Ultimate Midrange Shootout”.</span><br />
<br />albertoalopezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01993782226348320330noreply@blogger.com2Omaha, NE, USA41.2523634 -95.99798829999997541.0614744 -96.32071179999997 41.4432524 -95.675264799999979tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5773772622008994113.post-20886300593428987552016-07-23T00:15:00.000-04:002016-08-02T00:26:36.442-04:00Face-off: Top Midbass Speakers (Part 1)<span style="font-size: large;">I consider myself a wealthy person. No, not wealthy in the usual way. Instead, I am lucky to have hundreds or thousands of fantastic friendships. </span>These friendships incalculably enrich my life. One of such friendships is with Jerry Niebur.<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOd39XlPlBNAABb4M6LPP4RZJx80dcHX-6arhxF2Z_0YWWDVGKG_EEkGP5y2qt4XEQoo3H5soTUSiLe8hFf4uZA6Cp7tp0cnHsX6kHBxAEuJSyPVB6jU63OKVvr7qDzSFZwtbVE2aiZgSz/s1600/Stereo+West+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Mid 1990's Black and White photo of the sales floor at Stereo West in Omaha, Nebraska" border="0" height="191" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOd39XlPlBNAABb4M6LPP4RZJx80dcHX-6arhxF2Z_0YWWDVGKG_EEkGP5y2qt4XEQoo3H5soTUSiLe8hFf4uZA6Cp7tp0cnHsX6kHBxAEuJSyPVB6jU63OKVvr7qDzSFZwtbVE2aiZgSz/s320/Stereo+West+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" title="Stereo West went from being a good local retailer to a Top 5 retailer in the US. " width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Sales Floor at Stereo West in Omaha, NE</td></tr>
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I met Jerry over 22 years ago. After I was called to talk with the bright-eyed and enthusiastic guy who wanted better sound for his red Cavalier, the conversation quickly took a very technical direction. Very smart, Jerry wanted to know much more than the average Stereo West customer. So, we discussed about a system that would deliver the goods. And did his car perform. Despite being a simple installation by our very high standards-in-sophistication, the car did everything right. This is the image that Jerry and I kept. One based on solid fundamental performance of a car that barked little while devouring the competition.<br />
As I left the country to pursue my dreams, Jerry never lost the audio bug. So, when I received his call many years later, it was easy to take off from where we left it.<br />
But this time, the student had become a master. Jerry had real insight and a large following among the many across the nation who love sound and who document such love through the many online forums on the subject.<br />
As Jerry's celebrity grew, so did the size of his projects. One day, he called to say that he was attempting a test that would dwarf anything ever attempted by even the wealthiest of industry publications. Jerry wanted to end, once and for all, the perpetual debate among the audio elite. He wanted to define the best mid-bass driver the industry could deliver. Since it made no sense to include any of the substandard iterations vomited daily by most Chinese speaker makers, Jerry settled for the best available. Perhaps the only noteworthy brand missing was Focal. But Jerry had to settle for speakers he could get a hold of. You see, without tens of thousands of dollars to pour into fancy loudspeakers, Jerry had to rely on the assistance of many forum participants. Anyone with a high end pair who was willing to send their beloved drivers to Jerry for the test did so.<br />
It takes a real understanding of the complexity behind Jerry's project to begin to see why he was more than crazy. But crazy or not, he accomplished it. And, thanks to his efforts, I am now able to bring it to you.<br />
I write this blog with the goal of creating great archival value for the many who love audio and music. As such, transcribing the results from Jerry's experiment is perhaps the best chance I have ever had at honoring my blog's goal.<br />
As you read through the experiments and conclusions, it is probable that you will disagree with some or all of the content. But regardless of your level of endorsement or skepticism, never forget that Jerry went through great lengths to remain as objective as possible. Be thankful that he worked very hard for all of us without demanding a single cent in compensation. Enjoy Jerry's altruistic and very valuable work:<br />
<b><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></b>
<b><span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-size: large;">The Art of the Mid -Woofer; </span></b><br />
<b><span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-size: large;">11 Top Midbass Woofers Face-off!</span></b><br />
<b><span style="color: #b4a7d6;">By Jerry Niebur</span></b><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQazpuLpCtmJBiIiHbHrje4__GsQ92DyVQBRvrhGKJnGksdHA4NShflQi7UB6c8ClS3azsWve_G0HGi4vpgSx2M2TNjJF-yD_6eoOMdM4XcDuy6uad8L-cuu6my3Vor12BlPJewnDpU1U0/s1600/Pioneer+Stage4+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: #b4a7d6;"></span></a></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Pioneer Stage 4</span></td></tr>
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Approximately 80% of all high-end aftermarket mobile audio systems consist of a two-way (mid-woofer& tweeter) front stage with some type of bass supplementation in the rear of the vehicle. Consumers wishing to attain a level of superior musical reproduction, one that would equal a decent home audio system, typically look at purchasing products with exotic materials and certain published specifications associated with “high” performance; usually aligning certain brand names with specific parameters suggesting superior engineering and build quality.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">We set out to find superior performance midbass drivers capable of producing accurate midrange frequencies while still producing authoritative, yet tonally accurate, midbass. The midbass performance is critical to high quality music playback as the speaker is asked to play 5 full octaves of music and in some cases 6 octaves! Additionally, the ability of the midbass to dig deep in the lower frequencies is critical to getting a subwoofer to blend correctly in the system. Excellent midbass performance compliments proper musical balance while minimizing the localization of the subwoofer and potential smearing in these critical lower frequencies.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">11 high quality midbass drivers were chosen for this test. The mix of brands was based on any of the following criteria or a combination of the following: brand reputation, performance (company published specifications), price attributes, use in the mobile audio competition scene, and implementation of the latest technological innovations. You will also notice that we chose to test 6.5” – 7” woofers, as these are the most popular sizes. Drivers of this size typically have the ability to go deeper into the bass region and present a full soundstage upfront. The list of brands chosen is quite impressive; some of these brands garner great respect, not only in mobile audio, but also in some of the highest regarded home/professional drivers available.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">You might be wondering why some brands are missing from this test? At the request of two popular manufacturers, we agreed to not include their drivers in this very competitive test.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">The following drivers were selected for this test (in alphabetical order):</span></div>
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6;"><br /></span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Dynaudio Esotar</span></td></tr>
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">•<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Audio Technology C-Quenze 18H</span></div>
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">•<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Dynaudio Esotar2 e650</span></div>
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">•<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Eighteen Sound 6ND430</span></div>
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">•<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Exodus Ex-Anarchy</span></div>
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">•<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Hybrid Audio Technologies L6SE</span></div>
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">•<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>JBL 660GTi</span></div>
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">•<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>PHASS MD0790</span></div>
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">•<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Pioneer TS-C172PRS</span></div>
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">•<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Scan-Speak 18WU/4741T-00</span></div>
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">•<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Seas Excel W18NX-001</span></div>
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">•<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Vifa NE180W-04</span></div>
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6;"><br /></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #b4a7d6;">WHAT IS A MIDWOOFER?</span></b></div>
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">A mid-woofer (also known as a midbass) is any speaker that is capable of playing both midrange and midbass frequencies at the same time. The mid-woofer is usually used in a component speaker system consisting of the woofer, tweeter, and passive crossover. In a 2-way component system, a typical mid-woofer is usually responsible at least six octaves, ranging from 80Hz to 2.5kHz and sometimes higher. In a 3-way component system, a mid-woofer usually is used as a dedicated mid-bass and responsible for a general range between 80Hz and 250Hz, while some still go as high as 1000Hz (usually when a smaller midrange is used). The mid-woofer can range in size from 5.25” to 8” in diameter, with some exceptions.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">The typical car audio mid-woofer that is the most popular is 6.5” to 7” in diameter and used in the lower front door of most vehicles.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6;"><br /></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #b4a7d6;">TEST METHODOLOGY</span></b></div>
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">As with our first monumental test – The Ultimate Midrange Shootout, strict but statistically accurate guidelines were used in our testing methodology. Various methods (as outlined in detail in this section) were employed to prevent biased data reporting, errors in reporting and influence from external variables, which could skew actual performance of each midbass driver.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6;"><br /></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="211" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGNubE9yRJtIYuSrUfYQJdXkJGpUuvgvgiPVqnDZfNh2b-t_hywz3JycyiPzFMacOPoAFe-mT5eDD9onx8RU24nzt-sNDaS_Yg95aCkBVlO2IQShDPA-ri3BN8g0EEZFGhG5suP4Dj_ofh/s320/Focus+Mastering%25E2%2580%2599s+state+of+the+art+studio+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="320" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Focus Mastering’s state of the art studio</span></td></tr>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGNubE9yRJtIYuSrUfYQJdXkJGpUuvgvgiPVqnDZfNh2b-t_hywz3JycyiPzFMacOPoAFe-mT5eDD9onx8RU24nzt-sNDaS_Yg95aCkBVlO2IQShDPA-ri3BN8g0EEZFGhG5suP4Dj_ofh/s1600/Focus+Mastering%25E2%2580%2599s+state+of+the+art+studio+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: #b4a7d6;"></span></a><b><span style="color: #b4a7d6;">PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT</span></b></div>
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Careful consideration was placed in the physical testing environment, the associated equipment, and with the actual testers. To further the accuracy of the test Mr. Doug Van Sloun, owner and engineer of Focus Mastering, was recruited to assist in this test.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Doug donated his time, expertise and his sophisticated, state of the art recording studio.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Focus Mastering utilizes velocity-type bass trapping as well as the new RPG pressure zone bass trapping for smooth, extended low frequency response. The reflection free zone extends all the way to the client couch and provides a wide, accurate, and enveloping sound field. The quality of the room allowed the test to be conducted on the mid-woofers themselves, without the room adding any coloration, making for a near perfect physical test environment.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6;"><br /></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirS_CPOqd-MSUZt33rh486QmatWVNmoEc05Ewcp83vwyoz0ElvpoOb5SW6s_f5fL9xtyv2tcHBwqiOvxOo5NW7goXduW2bRJfPg1mA0hzSYaf3tUz72buBTdQbdXQmrcNyJw6Wq5VEZ8X1/s320/One+of+the+test+enclosures+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="320" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #b4a7d6;">One of the test enclosures pictured</span></td></tr>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirS_CPOqd-MSUZt33rh486QmatWVNmoEc05Ewcp83vwyoz0ElvpoOb5SW6s_f5fL9xtyv2tcHBwqiOvxOo5NW7goXduW2bRJfPg1mA0hzSYaf3tUz72buBTdQbdXQmrcNyJw6Wq5VEZ8X1/s1600/One+of+the+test+enclosures+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><span style="color: #b4a7d6;"></span></a><b><span style="color: #b4a7d6;">TEST EQUIPMENT</span></b></div>
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">As you will see from the impressive equipment list below, considerable attention was paid to the associated test equipment, further fostering the best performance playback for each midbass in the test.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">One of the most difficult choices was finding a suitable reference level tweeter. After much research the Dynaudio’s Esotar T330D was chosen. This tweeter is known as one of the best tweeters ever made and has been used in the highest-end offerings from Dynaudio as well as other loudspeaker manufacturers worldwide. The Esotar Tweeter exhibits an extremely low resonant frequency (fs) of 750 Hz, which allows it to mate very well with all the mid-woofers tested.</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Focus Mastering also boasts an impressive equipment list (please visit www.focusmastering.com and select the “equipment” tab for a complete list) including a Krell KSA-250 Class “A” amplifier, which was used to power the test drivers. Class “A” has been long regarded as the best amplifier topology for high-end sound reproduction. This model from Krell has 250 watts per channel available for the test drivers.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Midwest Sound & Lighting, in Omaha, NE donated two DBX 240 DriveRack complete equalization and loudspeaker management processors for the test. These units were used to perform all crossover and individual speaker level duties.</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Balanced XLR cables were used throughout the entire signal chain ensuring a strong, clean signal, and all the speaker wire used was high-end oxygen free copper (OFC) wire.</span></div>
</div>
<div>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="166" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBXipbOg_2IkGPbbaRDUqyzcJx6NLyRJuSCgNtzN8dcQ5GfVeqqG5JyFVwdoBfc4rrwT56Vea5XfKncsi8ANB5BExZqoTpaQjz8zgz96QiKK-yR-toesgKT_I-X33tWpNtbdToxp8x_Jh0/s320/Exodus+%2526+ScanSpeak+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="320" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Exodus Ex-Anarchy & ScanSpeak</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBXipbOg_2IkGPbbaRDUqyzcJx6NLyRJuSCgNtzN8dcQ5GfVeqqG5JyFVwdoBfc4rrwT56Vea5XfKncsi8ANB5BExZqoTpaQjz8zgz96QiKK-yR-toesgKT_I-X33tWpNtbdToxp8x_Jh0/s1600/Exodus+%2526+ScanSpeak+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: #b4a7d6;"></span></a><b><span style="color: #b4a7d6;">SPEAKER ENVIRONMENT</span></b></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">It was decided to test the mid-woofers in sealed enclosures, which were made to mimic the approximate size and shape of a typical vehicle door where most midwoofers are mounted. It is ideal to test all drivers in an ideal enclosure size, giving the drivers a QTC of 0.707, which is considered to provide optimum transient response. Since it is impractical to build a specific test enclosure for all mid-woofers tested, the enclosure was constructed large enough to have little overall effect on the “Q” of the speaker and designed more to emulate a typical automotive sealed door environment. The enclosures were constructed from !” medium-density fiberboard (MDF), used for its strength and very dense properties, and heavy internal bracing was used to minimize cabinet resonance. The enclosures were made with 3 cubic feet internal airspace and measured 6” deep, emulating the depth of most vehicle doors. To prevent speaker cone break-up due to standing waves and enclosure resonance, Cascade Audio Engineering Deflex PowerPads were installed behind the mid-woofers (in an up-coming article, we will discuss the science behind these pads). All of the midwoofers were mounted to 1” MDF trim rings that were sealed air tight to the enclosure using gasketing foam.</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<b><span style="color: #b4a7d6;">ELECTRONIC ENVIRONMENT</span></b></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">With one goal of this test being to minimize possible variances that could skew the results, a passband that favorable to all drivers was selected. The passband is the frequency range over which the mid-woofers would be played. Before selecting the passband, manufacturers data was review to ensure each driver was operating in a passband well within the limits of the driver.</span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Typically, using an 80 Hz crossover point will allow the woofer to mesh well with the subwoofer, while going low enough to facilitate the illusion of upfront bass. 80 Hz allows the mid-woofer to play authoritative midbass, while still protecting the speaker from over excursion, which can introduce large amounts of distortion and/or damage the speaker. A sealed enclosure is known to roll-off (meaning volume attenuates) at 12dB/octave, so applying an electronic crossover slope of 12dB/octave yields an acoustically in phase 4th-order Linkwitz-Riley impulse response.</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">The low-pass crossover was selected based on the physics of dynamic drivers. It is known that all drivers begin to narrow their dispersion of sound, or "beam", at higher frequencies. The frequencies at which they begin to beam is related to their cone diameter. This phenomenon is an inescapable fact in physics, and cannot be engineered out of drivers. For 6.5” to 7” drivers, beaming becomes significant at around 2,678 Hz, based on the actual diameter of the cone. Since we are mating the mid-woofer with a tweeter that has an extremely low resonant frequency of 750 Hz, it made sense to set the low-pass at 2,500 Hz. Is it generally accepted in most audio circles to set a 12dB/octave slope between the mid-woofer and the tweeter for a more natural blending between the two drivers.</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">The drivers were tested in the passband of 80 Hz and 2,500 Hz with 12dB/octave electronic crossover slopes, and all drivers were properly broken in using pink noise and random music offerings for the manufacturers recommended time frame and volume.</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;"><br /></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img alt="Picture of all the speakers in this test comparison while waiting to be review. Audio Technology C-Quenze 18H; Dynaudio Esotar2 e650; Eighteen Sound 6ND430; Exodus Ex-Anarchy; Hybrid Audio Technologies L6SE; JBL 660GTi; PHASS MD0790; Pioneer TS-C172PRS; Scan-Speak 18WU/4741T-00; Seas Excel W18NX-001; Vifa NE180W-04" border="0" height="164" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgV5ecaB5zJmOyaEPWTXQoy2fdHzM3_96vObfjTF_SRQeiaLkuhlVYD6y-OXEbHHrLAACme1ZhcvTy3fae33-OGiq-S61ZbelXqGlNBTojpQtvk3CGpSQMDJFuy-MsoINFBtd7G7Q7_l2n4/s320/An+Audiophile%25E2%2580%2599s+Dream+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" title="" width="320" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #b4a7d6;">An Audiophile’s Dream</span></td></tr>
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<div>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgV5ecaB5zJmOyaEPWTXQoy2fdHzM3_96vObfjTF_SRQeiaLkuhlVYD6y-OXEbHHrLAACme1ZhcvTy3fae33-OGiq-S61ZbelXqGlNBTojpQtvk3CGpSQMDJFuy-MsoINFBtd7G7Q7_l2n4/s1600/An+Audiophile%25E2%2580%2599s+Dream+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><span style="color: #b4a7d6;"></span></a><b><span style="color: #b4a7d6;">TEST PROCEDURES</span></b></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Test procedures guarantee the actual test was performed accurately to ensure all the results are reliable and all the mid-woofers were tested using the same methods.</span></div>
</div>
<div>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<div>
<b><span style="color: #b4a7d6;">LEVEL MATCHING</span></b></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Industry experts generally agree that components under evaluation should be level matched to within 0.2 decibels (dB). To ensure that all drivers were precisely level matched, a real time analyzer (RTA) was used to verify the volume of the drivers tested. The RTA's microphone was positioned 10 feet centered between both drivers to measure the total sound pressure level (SPL) while pink noise (20 to 20k Hz, Alpine Speed of Sound CD, Pink Noise –Ref -0dB) was played. Each mid-woofer was level matched with the tweeter (due to the variance of the sensitivity of the mid-woofer) before the overall volume was precisely adjusted so its total un-weighted SPL was 82.0dB ± 0.2dB. This volume was derived from considerable experimentation and evaluation before the test began.</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">It’s also important to note that no equalization was used and no other drivers, other than the tweeters already mentioned, were used in conjunction with the midwoofers drivers tested.</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;"><br /></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img alt="Picture of The beautiful Pioneer TS-C172PRS & JBL 660 GTi" border="0" height="196" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgw7CCQhX9J2iQZ8QurPmFDokljVBgyaEiz7VRD9-Reo3xTGUPnZUzzSZj8dTc7tcKWx0uWvUmQNyc4wC0yi-qCMt5myAT5bZlY3jQS1HAN0bmH4OhTZeRvkxWotYw8YeAETIS-xspRpEnu/s320/Pioneer+%2526+JBL+-+Alberto+A+Lopez+.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" title="" width="320" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Pioneer & JBL</span></td></tr>
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<div>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgw7CCQhX9J2iQZ8QurPmFDokljVBgyaEiz7VRD9-Reo3xTGUPnZUzzSZj8dTc7tcKWx0uWvUmQNyc4wC0yi-qCMt5myAT5bZlY3jQS1HAN0bmH4OhTZeRvkxWotYw8YeAETIS-xspRpEnu/s1600/Pioneer+%2526+JBL+-+Alberto+A+Lopez+.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: #b4a7d6;"></span></a><b><span style="color: #b4a7d6;">LISTENING TEST</span></b></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">The listening test consisted of a single blind listening session and technical measurements of all the drivers. The drivers were covered with acoustically transparent grill cloth so that none of the blind listeners could see the drivers and the testers were required to leave the room for each speaker change; even the Hybrid Audio’s beautiful copper colored phase plug was not visible, essentially guaranteeing there was no bias. The drivers were assigned a random number and a control driver was chosen at random and re-played during the testing session to validate the tester’s ability to accurately rate each set of drivers (the control driver scored identically all times it was tested thereby validating the listeners’ accuracy and repeatability). The testers were given score sheets to judge the drivers based on various aspects with a section to write down thoughts and opinions.</span></div>
</div>
<div>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<div>
<b><span style="color: #b4a7d6;">ELECTRICAL TESTING</span></b></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">All drivers were individually tested in free air and each driver was measured in the listening standardized test enclosure using the Dayton Audio Test System (DATS). During the free air test the drivers were suspended to ensure a proper reading from those drivers with a vented pole piece. The 1,000 " reference resistor, provided with the tester, was used to calibrate the leads of the DATS system, as instructed by the manual. The DATS tests the drivers for the following Thiele/Small parameters:</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;"><br /></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="248" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMQnYAB6UgXcWP2yPQrVcruCDdZzQM-QvkFdnc6Lnv6NkelxQSCcxloHlWSIoD-WCsyYL8rNahgu2J0f7ghCE-KAqSIlgMkpbUZlgP9zLURE9dZlGOs8Wb3OV_HvzZU5yEcutVs-Lc9QeL/s320/Vifa+2+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="320" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Vifa’s Pentacone cone technology midbass</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMQnYAB6UgXcWP2yPQrVcruCDdZzQM-QvkFdnc6Lnv6NkelxQSCcxloHlWSIoD-WCsyYL8rNahgu2J0f7ghCE-KAqSIlgMkpbUZlgP9zLURE9dZlGOs8Wb3OV_HvzZU5yEcutVs-Lc9QeL/s1600/Vifa+2+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><span style="color: #b4a7d6;"></span></a><span style="color: #b4a7d6;"><b>Re –</b> Measured in Ohms ("), this is the DC resistance of the voice coil.</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;"><b>Fs </b><b>–</b> The frequency at which the combination of the moving mass and</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">suspension compliance maximally reinforces cone motion, called the</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">resonance frequency, measured in hertz (Hz)</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;"><b>Qts –</b> Total Q factor. A unitless measurement characterizing the combined</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">electric and mechanical damping of the driver.</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;"><b>Qes –</b> Electrical Q factor. A unitless measurement describing the electrical</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">damping of the loudspeaker.</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;"><b>Qms –</b> Mechanical Q factor. A unitless measurement characterizing the</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">mechanical damping of the driver, that is, the losses in the suspension</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">(surround and spider.)</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;"><b>Le –</b> Measured in millihenries (mH), this is the inductance of the voice coil.</span></div>
</div>
<div>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<div>
<b><span style="color: #b4a7d6;">WHAT IS BEAMING & HOW DO YOU CALCULATE IT?</span></b></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">The upper crossover limit for a woofer is governed principally by its polar response. At frequencies corresponding to wavelengths that are large relative to the woofer’s diameter, the sonic radiation pattern is spherical. As the frequencies rise, and their corresponding wavelengths become smaller relative to the woofer’s diameter, the radiation pattern begins to narrow with increasing frequencies. This phenomenon is commonly called beaming, and is known to occur when the wavelength of sound is approximately equal to the circumference of the driver. This narrowing dispersion can adversely affect how the woofer integrates with the dispersion pattern of its companion tweeter, given it is generally accepted that the dispersion patterns of both drivers should be as identical as possible. Since the tweeter’s dispersion at typical crossover frequencies is essentially spherical, it is desirable that the woofer’s dispersion also be spherical.</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">One useful criterion for determining the extent of beaming defines the amount of allowable attenuation at 45 degrees off axis. It is generally accepted that attenuation ranging from -3 to -6 dB at 45 degrees off axis is an acceptable amount of attenuation to limit the audible effects of beaming. </span><b><i><span style="color: magenta;">(6)</span></i></b> <span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Vance Dickason presented both polar plots of directivity and tabulated data defining reasonable upper limits for low-pass crossover frequencies6. Vance’s tabulated data was fitted with a smooth function and transformed into graphical form as shown in the figure below:</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="230" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEMNiqacaGH5qL-P1fhSHoFf8g9je6D86XWhcvG9Ws3wRmaaTjNzfHr235RfIzLlFjaW6_1jlai4YbEYSW-vNkourfEQpMwWHEPp990BAizgFxekM1J9gNrShOEWHn2eQvTetkKKBK407b/s400/Speaker+Dispersion+Chart+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="400" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Driver Directivity by Vance Dickason</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEMNiqacaGH5qL-P1fhSHoFf8g9je6D86XWhcvG9Ws3wRmaaTjNzfHr235RfIzLlFjaW6_1jlai4YbEYSW-vNkourfEQpMwWHEPp990BAizgFxekM1J9gNrShOEWHn2eQvTetkKKBK407b/s1600/Speaker+Dispersion+Chart+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: #b4a7d6;"></span></a></div>
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">The chart above shows the independent variable, driver diameter in inches, on the abscissa, and the dependent variable, frequency in Hertz, on the ordinate. The solid red line represents the upper limit for the low-pass crossover frequency based on the less stringent criterion of -6 dB, while the dotted green curve represents the more stringent criterion of -3 dB. The graph clearly illustrates that a driver approximately 6 inches in diameter should be crossed-over to the tweeter no higher than about 3 kHz, and preferably at about 2 kHz, if possible. This phenomenon highlights the dilemma loudspeaker designers face: finding a tweeter with sufficiently robust performance parameters capable of withstanding the preferred crossover frequency, and thus why some manufacturers use well designed 3-way systems with cone or dome midrange speakers.</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Some of the loudspeakers in this test utilize “phase plugs”, devices believed to improve the high-frequency dispersion of the drivers. Research has shown that the effects of such devices are rather minimal, or even insignificant, for this purpose, thus rendering the term “phase plug” somewhat of a misnomer. Phase plugs are, however, effective at transferring heat away from the voice coil, and in some cases, are also used to mitigate the unwanted effects of a dust cap. The debate between the merits of dust caps versus phase plugs is a complex issue with proponents for each implementation.</span> <span style="color: magenta;"><i><b>(</b></i><b><i>7)</i></b></span> <span style="color: #b4a7d6;">In the end, either approach can be implemented effectively with appropriate engineering considerations.</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">To make sure you are playing your drivers below the point of beaming, you can calculate that point. According to NASA, the speed of sound at sea level is 1,116 ft/s (feet per second). Next take 1,116 x 12”, since speakers are sold in inches. This equals 13,392 inches per second. Now all you have to do is divide 13,392 by the diameter of the “cone”. A 6.5” diameter driver with a cone diameter of 5” would start to beam at 2,678Hz (13,392/5).</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;"><br /></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZNtJhnKBytyvwRJJ8K71OWmekDdU0vBcE6F3qex3AxARQ7pgjQxOsrgbxeayBlyrNHSGxLFpruDjLdQWhuxMu2nC0-RBEZgCIi58L7dp7tPIfDfhN4lCdcs7dM8ljNRvrYKbOLPdYsuzB/s320/Loudspeaker+Design+Cookbook+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="248" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #b4a7d6;">The Loudspeaker Design Cookbook</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZNtJhnKBytyvwRJJ8K71OWmekDdU0vBcE6F3qex3AxARQ7pgjQxOsrgbxeayBlyrNHSGxLFpruDjLdQWhuxMu2nC0-RBEZgCIi58L7dp7tPIfDfhN4lCdcs7dM8ljNRvrYKbOLPdYsuzB/s1600/Loudspeaker+Design+Cookbook+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: #b4a7d6;"></span></a><b><span style="color: #b4a7d6;">THIELE/SMALL DEFINED</span></b></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">“T/S parameters” refer to a set of electromechanical parameters that define the low frequency performance of a loudspeaker driver in a closed box, and are named after A. Neville Thiele of the Australian Broadcasting Commission, and Richard H. Small of the University of Sydney, who developed the electrical and pneumatic models that define the parameters.</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">There are two main types of closed-box designs: the infinite baffle (“IB”) and the acoustic suspension (“AS”). Relative to the compliance of the driver’s suspension, the IB enclosure utilizes a larger box containing a highly compliant volume of air, while the AS enclosure uses a much smaller, less compliant volume of air. Generally, mobile audio woofers, as typically mounted in automobile doors, would be considered IB.</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">T/S parameters of the driver are used as input variables to design the driver/enclosure resonance magnification factor, or Qtc, which defines the composite response of the electrical, mechanical, and pneumatic behavior of the driver/enclosure system at resonance. Information regarding T/S parameters can be found elsewhere.</span> <i><b><span style="color: magenta;">(1)</span></b></i></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Certain values of Qtc have mathematical significance. When the Qtc is equal to 0.5, the system is described as “critically damped”, and the frequency response of the system rises as rapidly as possible to its asymptotic output level with no overshoot and no settling time.</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Mathematically speaking, a system is described as “overdamped” when Qtc is less than 0.5, and “underdamped” when Qtc is greater than 0.5.</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">When the Qtc is 0.707, the system is described as “optimally damped”, meaning the frequency response rises as fast as possible while achieving the least amount of overshoot and settling time. It is interesting to note that maximum power handling occurs when the Qtc is equal to 1.1. Qtc also defines many important loudspeaker performance parameters such as the volume of the box, closed-box frequency of resonance, roll-off slope, phase angle at -3 dB output, cone excursion, group delay, impedance, and cone velocity, to name a few. Wiebell and Bywater published an excellent paper discussing the optimization of sealed-box loudspeaker systems.</span> <b><i><span style="color: magenta;">(2)</span></i></b> <span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Numerous types of computer programs and software are available to aide in the optimization of these parameters.</span> <i><b><span style="color: magenta;">(3)</span></b></i></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">The mathematical values of Qtc also influence the subjective sound quality of the driver/enclosure system. Systems with a Qtc of 0.5 are sometimes regarded as “dry”, “excessively taut”, or “over-damped”, yet some renowned loudspeaker designers maintain that 0.5 to 0.6 is optimal.</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Conversely, systems with a Qtc of about 1.0 sound “warm” and “robust”, and many consumers find this appealing. Many commercial loudspeakers utilize Qtc ranging typically from 0.5 to 0.9, while one notable exception, and commercially successful design, used 1.2.</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">It is important to realize that the T/S parameters are useful for small signal (low power) predictions. The driver/enclosure system can be expected to perform according to the calculations at 1 Watt (“W”) of power input.</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">However, as the power input increases, the voice coil temperature increases, which causes significant changes to the predictions at 1 W.</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">The maximum power input a driver can handle is limited by the driver’s ability to tolerate and dissipate heat. Typical materials and adhesives used in loudspeaker transducer design can tolerate temperatures up to about 250 °C. As the temperature of the voice coil increases with increasing power input, its electrical resistance increases, consequently decreasing the damping of the system. Research has shown that a driver/enclosure system modeled to obtain a Qtc of 0.707 at 1 W changes substantially with increasing power input. For instance, at 40 W, the voice coil temperature has been shown to rise to about 192 °C, and as a result, the Qtc rose to 1.2. Obviously, the significant rise in Qtc has a profound effect on the loudspeaker performance parameters. Since typical mobile audio systems provide tens, if not hundreds, of W to a driver, it is important to take this phenomenon into consideration. Consequently, some loudspeaker designers recommend using a lower Qtc to compensate for this effect.</span> <i><b><span style="color: magenta;">(4)</span></b></i></div>
</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<b><span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Reference</span></b><br />
<i><b><span style="color: magenta;">(1)</span></b></i> <span style="color: #b4a7d6;">V. Dickason, The Loudspeaker Design Cookbook, 6th Ed., Audio Amateur Press, ©2000, pp. 23-32, 155-171.</span><br />
<i><b><span style="color: magenta;">(2)</span></b></i> <span style="color: #b4a7d6;">H. J. Weibell and R. Bywater, Practical Design of Optimal Sealed-Box Loudspeaker Systems, Audio Engineering Society, reprint 2105 (C-2), 1984.</span><br />
<i><b><span style="color: magenta;">(3)</span></b></i> <span style="color: #b4a7d6;">V. Dickason, The Loudspeaker Design Cookbook, 6th Ed., Audio Amateur Press, ©2000, pp. 173-183.</span><br />
<i><b><span style="color: magenta;">(4)</span></b></i> <span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Ibid. p. 33.</span><br />
<i><b><span style="color: magenta;">(5)</span></b></i> <span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Vance Dickason, The Loudspeaker Design Cookbook, 6th ed., 2000, p. 155.</span><br />
<i><b><span style="color: magenta;">(6)</span></b></i> <span style="color: #b4a7d6;">V. Dickason, The Loudspeaker Design Cookbook, 6th Ed., Audio Amateur Press, ©2000, p. 105.</span><br />
<i><b><span style="color: magenta;">(7)</span></b></i> <span style="color: #b4a7d6;">http://www.diyaudio.com/forums/multi-way/192215-phase-plug.html</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">*The above illustrates and supports your editors’ findings and conclusions derived from the “The Ultimate Midrange Shootout”.</span><br />
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No doubt that Jerry took every precaution possible to be subjective. nothing less would be expected. Think about it. Any of the speaker pairs included in the face-off could win it all. They are all that great. But the reality is that only one will. All others will be losers with no one else to deliver their anger to than Jerry. His are some big shoes to fill. </div>
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Next, we should move on to his conclusion. <a href="http://audio2music.blogspot.com/2016/07/face-off-top-midbass-speakers-part-2.html" target="_blank">Click this link</a> to the second part on this quest for the best midbass speaker.</div>
albertoalopezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01993782226348320330noreply@blogger.com1Omaha, NE, USA41.2523634 -95.99798829999997541.0614744 -96.32071179999997 41.4432524 -95.675264799999979tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5773772622008994113.post-42182568207902622572016-05-14T00:49:00.000-04:002016-05-14T00:49:34.802-04:00A Golden Era to Remember<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">What if Romans had stayed away from hubris and currency defacing? Where would they be today?</span>What if tulip bubbles had spared the Dutch? Would economic markets be better regarded? What if the best artists in the world didn't have to flee Europe during the second world war? Would Paris still be the cultural center of the universe as we know it?<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjFQtqUx7tao5lI-JNCEHQVbYZPmmUiW_FDFS2XeuF8yiAyTgwLhe7Tff9bkFirq33PtQhm3woF02VZOG1rM17dqwjuoQ4p9IJQfA5WYwNSrBN3ktLG9LrxXedaFIMctQZrscM7DU8b1qL/s1600/The+Romans+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjFQtqUx7tao5lI-JNCEHQVbYZPmmUiW_FDFS2XeuF8yiAyTgwLhe7Tff9bkFirq33PtQhm3woF02VZOG1rM17dqwjuoQ4p9IJQfA5WYwNSrBN3ktLG9LrxXedaFIMctQZrscM7DU8b1qL/s400/The+Romans+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" title="What if Romans had stayed away from hubris and currency defacing? Where would they be today?" /></a>All these people and all these places went through a golden era that was followed by devastating decay. Not to the same magnitude because we're only talking about a car audio store in a small town, but my teammates and I went through a golden era of sorts during the mid-90s. Almost 10 years after I left Stereo West, I had lunch with Noel Huff. I was coming back to my spiritual home of Omaha to do some Rocker Fosgate training for Stereo West. Noel, the smartest and most mature of all the people I remember working for Stereo West when I left, was as pleasant as always. After reminiscing about the good ol' days, he suggested that my stint at the store was its golden era. Although I was humbled by the suggestion, I must say that it felt right to frame it in such way.<br />
It was almost like nothing could go wrong. It seemed as if we could create brain-fart of ideas that would lead to new solutions to better sound.<br />
We sold the better brands. Not one but all. Everyone wanted to be in our store. We had factory sales reps pushing us to build new cars that highlighted their equipment. If you look at the time, we would build a supercar with all Phoenix Gold equipment. We would then build another supercar with all Rockford Fosgate equipment. We would follow it with a supercar featuring all Kicker's best equipment. Inevitably next came a supercar with JL and MB Quart gear. Eclipse, Alpine, we had them all.<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiVwrxFOpGyblCnB5iKOsbv7dKaOBnc-if6kbQxJS-Amsd5sbv-qKDqIoK5qUtOsMRuQOLLioaTD5pD20oDjeh1Xeky5-s9xipbzYQiKBaOs8uvDNZBV7XnXhdykLHzGu86C0Ee9GyQm1i/s1600/025b.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img alt="image in color of the exterior of Matt Billmeier's 1995 Dodge Ram truck" border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiVwrxFOpGyblCnB5iKOsbv7dKaOBnc-if6kbQxJS-Amsd5sbv-qKDqIoK5qUtOsMRuQOLLioaTD5pD20oDjeh1Xeky5-s9xipbzYQiKBaOs8uvDNZBV7XnXhdykLHzGu86C0Ee9GyQm1i/s320/025b.jpg" title="Matt Billmeier is no stranger to music variety, although he's less than half the age of many of the musicians he listens to. Billmeier, 20, owns a mobile disk-jockey service, where he is likely to play anything from the latest hip-hop anthem to the smooth sounds of the Count Basie Orchestra." width="258" /></a>We were so successful at selling based on quality rather than price that having the biggest discounters in the universe as neighbors didn't even faze us.I remember that management at Nebraska Furniture Mart would send Joe Cavanaugh, the owner of our store, Christmas cards thanking him for another year of high profitability for all. If you are not sure what the Nebraska Furniture Mart is, just download space-station's images of the cities of Dallas, Kansas City and Omaha. Then look for the largest structures visible from space. Those are the three Mart's locations.<br />
We built the best cars, sold the best equipment and never had to discount. We did so much business that there were plenty of crumbs for the likes of Cellular Sound and Security to survive.<br />
It was during that time that some of our best cars were built. Matt Billmeier brought his truck to us precisely during that peak.<br />
Unfortunately, following the principles of historic reality, the golden era was not to last much longer. Those were bittersweet days for me. No matter how successful we were at doing our jobs, there was Greg Pauley who wanted my job and who made it impossible for me to stay. Unfortunately for him, the pleasure of taking my post after my departure didn't last at all. Within a year he was chewed up and discarded by the machine. He simply never had the commitment, integrity or the love for music.<br />
Thankfully for me, those same 12 months brought a new and invigorating experience. Living in Europe opened my eyes. My life changed and I never second-guessed it. It was the best catastrophe I ever experienced.<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2fBDtzkUWs5x4ZercqefJ8-B-Nbn9J8GJMUTXf4bxF5BnzEk364RvnXrc_-X4wZZGsiR0WoKgumasTH4BKOc5bRysSXHKzHtonX5fIAnc7GpeIOhdgGRQgJZouWfC2pT5Lvyv8xOqVYh0/s1600/024b.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="image in color of the interior of Matt Billmeier's 1995 Dodge Ram truck highlighting the radio" border="0" height="198" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2fBDtzkUWs5x4ZercqefJ8-B-Nbn9J8GJMUTXf4bxF5BnzEk364RvnXrc_-X4wZZGsiR0WoKgumasTH4BKOc5bRysSXHKzHtonX5fIAnc7GpeIOhdgGRQgJZouWfC2pT5Lvyv8xOqVYh0/s200/024b.jpg" title="" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">7909 CD radio was mounted in the stock <br />radio location, and switches in the ashtray <br />control various features of the audio system</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Yet, I was not the only casualty. There was extensive collateral damage. I left the US without being able to help Brian Casagrande finish his masterpiece, for example. While he eventually forgave me, I still feel sad about it.<br />
I also looked back a thousand times at Matt Billmeier's truck and wondered where he could have gone had I dedicated as much time and creativity to his truck as I did to Chuck Barbosa's car.<br />
But in the end, it was not to be. It all now seems as if time froze. It feels like I can walk between the spaces of yesteryear anytime I want. Yes, it's kind of weird. I am free to experience the greatness of whose golden moments at will.<br />
It is my intention to share this same experience with you. Through this blog I hope that you can also immerse yourself in between the pictures and the narratives. I hope that all creative ideas we had will make you fall in love with music all over again.<br />
Matt Billmeier's truck was very special indeed. No wonder Car Audio magazine decided to do an Installation's feature on it. The most prestigious article within the best industry magazine had nothing but accolades on this truck. So why not? Let's re-experience it one more time. Here is the transcript from that March 1997 issue. Enjoy!<br />
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-size: large;"><b>Car Audio and Electronics</b></span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-size: medium;"><b>March 1997</b></span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;"><span style="font-size: large;"></span><br /><span style="font-size: large;"></span></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-size: large;">Dance Machine</span><br />
<i><span style="color: #b4a7d6;">by Edwige Lee</span></i><br />
<i><span style="color: #b4a7d6;">photography by John Skaucky</span></i><br />
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGf3Fe9tVUm77XbTxLg1ACRtyc6sTSfvJtfPzK4PB7P_00aNbWbkOml2vw3rypNcUhR3JWw1jwjt8RHiWrJtEpuLPLdiVdASIPqbU-JQ4oCayjsyPj7yN1vHhX1VAiIS-aKmdaMG5Jz2_G/s1600/020d.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="image in color of Matt Billmeier's 1995 Dodge Ram truck with him and a lot of people around" border="0" height="190" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGf3Fe9tVUm77XbTxLg1ACRtyc6sTSfvJtfPzK4PB7P_00aNbWbkOml2vw3rypNcUhR3JWw1jwjt8RHiWrJtEpuLPLdiVdASIPqbU-JQ4oCayjsyPj7yN1vHhX1VAiIS-aKmdaMG5Jz2_G/s320/020d.jpg" title="Matt Billmeier is no stranger to music variety, although he's less than half the age of many of the musicians he listens to. Billmeier, 20, owns a mobile disk-jockey service, where he is likely to play anything from the latest hip-hop anthem to the smooth sounds of the Count Basie Orchestra." width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Sound travels for mobile DJ Matt Billmeier</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Matt Billmeier is no stranger to music variety, although he's less than half the age of many of the musicians he listens to. Billmeier, 20, owns a mobile disk-jockey service, where he is likely to play anything from the latest hip-hop anthem to the smooth sounds of the Count Basie Orchestra.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">"I play everything, even the stuff I don't like," he said.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Billmeier, of Omaha, Nebraska, is a management information systems major at a local university. He started his DJ business when he was 17. But he said he has tinkered with car radios and electronics ever since he was old enough to have a learner's permit at 15.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">"I can't sing, and listening to music and playing music was the only way I could relay what I like to do," Billmeier admitted.</span><br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJnNVhbxSsbaJgxoJI8WTCMOGhWxDNZhO_JxWyWLsrqniOR1cL6-SS0u2lAU6UePIiV1Nv4Q2VfSyJOFLyLFBPUSVopGy2wOSEcNxxbJl2rTgcEimfSQk9g0y-luSltjl5RNcoOX5tzfsw/s1600/020c.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="image in color of the interior of Matt Billmeier's 1995 Dodge Ram truck highlighting the equipment behind the driver's seat" border="0" height="307" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJnNVhbxSsbaJgxoJI8WTCMOGhWxDNZhO_JxWyWLsrqniOR1cL6-SS0u2lAU6UePIiV1Nv4Q2VfSyJOFLyLFBPUSVopGy2wOSEcNxxbJl2rTgcEimfSQk9g0y-luSltjl5RNcoOX5tzfsw/s320/020c.jpg" title="Panels behind the seats made out of medite, fiberglass, Bondo, and white Formica, and finished in gray vinyl, hold amplifiers, subwoofers, signal processors, and accessories." width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Panels behind the seats of Matt Billmeier's '95 Dodge Ram<br />
hold amplifiers, subwoofers, signal processors and accessories</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Billmeier said he's interested in and knowledge of 12-volt technology, however, were not enough to complete a competition audio system in his 1995 Dodge Ram 4x4 in the manner he wanted. So he left the installation of a custom system to Greg Pauley of West in Omaha.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">"I could have installed it physically, but I couldn't have made it as nice as they made it," Billmeier said.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-size: large;">Best Use Of Space</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">The limited space a pickup cab offers presents a unique challenge to installers, but Pauley was up to the task. By mounting angled panels in the narrow crevice behind the seats, using space under the seats, and taking advantage of factory storage compartments and other empty space, Pauley was able to fit in processors, amplifiers, subwoofers, horn-loaded compression drivers, others speakers, and other equipment without compromising passenger space.</span><br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimu73RCQC2YZw8_H59YCWvKGVqTbJLcBZUIdusWN-r_PuCI-Dgp53Z-x7RdRxV_pjFmY4LE4a6IQkpuN7dDhsNiIBjJBdFh8KBdVsAgKNYD-RxEDBek64rL4O_ZaJvldlCvNjoLy-vDplB/s1600/022b.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="image in color of the interior of Matt Billmeier's 1995 Dodge Ram truck highlighting the grill covers behind the driver's seat" border="0" height="199" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimu73RCQC2YZw8_H59YCWvKGVqTbJLcBZUIdusWN-r_PuCI-Dgp53Z-x7RdRxV_pjFmY4LE4a6IQkpuN7dDhsNiIBjJBdFh8KBdVsAgKNYD-RxEDBek64rL4O_ZaJvldlCvNjoLy-vDplB/s200/022b.jpg" title="" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Grills made of MDF and metal mesh <br />
cover the subwoofers. Similar covers, <br />
minus the metal mesh, conceal other<br />
components behind the seats.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">The panels behind the seats hold the largest concentration of equipment. The panels, built out of 1/2-inch medite and white Formica, with fiberglass and Bondo added to form curves, where attached to the back wall of the cab. They were finished in gray vinyl, as where all panels in the installation.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">The panel in the center, which is visible between the seats, holds a Rockford Fosgate 1-farad capacitor and a Phoenix Gold power-distribution block. Plexiglas covers fit over the two pieces.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">A Phoenix Gold EQ-230 equalizer and a Phoenix Gold AX-406 crossover are mounted on a panel behind the passenger seat. The panel on the driver's side holds two Phoenix Gold M. a PS-2240 amplifiers. Strips of aqua neon highlight the interior of each panel, and Plexiglas covers fit over the components to protect them. </span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Two Kicker Solo-Baric S12a 12-inch subwoofers are housed inside sealed enclosures behind the seats, one on each side. The front of each enclosure fits flush with the equipment panels.</span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEpkScLqRv49Mw_s8akL4pMjeMewrq82RX1ppTT2JNgTzxRJj7-2MOyL44O5Jz0ADvV8IVtbrUsd-nLzVp_hbnYxwN8mYf8ZepbB8JSpg2FPUF63gQvgjLKRc8QxpGJIw3DZrKpU6J-03S/s1600/022c.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="image in color of the interior of Matt Billmeier's 1995 Dodge Ram truck highlighting the equipment behind the passenger's seat" border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEpkScLqRv49Mw_s8akL4pMjeMewrq82RX1ppTT2JNgTzxRJj7-2MOyL44O5Jz0ADvV8IVtbrUsd-nLzVp_hbnYxwN8mYf8ZepbB8JSpg2FPUF63gQvgjLKRc8QxpGJIw3DZrKpU6J-03S/s320/022c.jpg" title="A similar panel behind the driver's seat holds two Phoenix Gold amplifiers. On either side of the center console is a Kicker 12-inch subwoofer in a sealed enclosure." width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A Phoenix Gold equalizer and crossover are mounted behind <br />
Plexiglas in a panel behind the passenger seat.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">The subwoofers were mounted on baffles made of medium-density fiberboard (MDF) and white Formica. According to Pauley, each enclosure holds a little under 1 cubic foot of airspace.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Grills wear fashions for the subwoofers out of MDF and metal mesh, and they were finished in grey grill cloth. Similar covers, minus the metal-mesh material, where made to conceal the other components. The covers were wrapped in grey grill cloth, and white Formica was used to finish the backsides of them. All covers used for concealing equipment in the truck where made the same way.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-size: large;">Nontraditional Mount</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Midbass supplied by a pair of MB Quart 5 1/4-inch speakers from a CX 215.03 component set installed in custom-made kick panels. The kick panels were built out of MFD, fiberglass, and vinyl.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">The hollow cavity behind each kick panel serves as an enclosure for each speaker. Grills similar to the ones concealing the subwoofers were built to protect the kick-panel speakers.</span><br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwsIL42veuaFsgprJsJg05nfgJ2zIt7TjiIStMnuB8xBBQHe5_sNErMrDSRIlPfR-8bEqLvGXWfaV2ThC-sBgtHyJ-PmqvGrEY5gVMzCbI5i_uDKRXMJFOQG08ynfAzNf4sdToYguha38F/s1600/023b.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="image in color of the interior of Matt Billmeier's 1995 Dodge Ram truck highlighting the passenger's side kickpanel" border="0" height="308" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwsIL42veuaFsgprJsJg05nfgJ2zIt7TjiIStMnuB8xBBQHe5_sNErMrDSRIlPfR-8bEqLvGXWfaV2ThC-sBgtHyJ-PmqvGrEY5gVMzCbI5i_uDKRXMJFOQG08ynfAzNf4sdToYguha38F/s320/023b.jpg" title="" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">An MB Quart 5 1/4-inch speaker was mounted in a custom <br />
kick panel on each side of the truck</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">The grills are not normally removed, Pauley said, except when the speakers need servicing. But just in case a sound-off Judge asks for them to be taken off during competition, the speaker baffles were painted black for a finished appearance.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Two USD BC-3 RTMT horn-loaded compression drivers handle upper frequencies. But their installation didn't follow the traditional under the dash routine, Pauley said, because the under dash area in the Dodge truck is much narrower than other vehicles. "In that truck, it would have looked really big and really noticeable," he said.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">The space below the seats, normally used for storage, was substantial, so Pauley decided to mount the drivers there. Instead of firing toward the passengers as in a typical dash mount, the horns face the opposite way and project sound toward the dash.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">The seats did not have to be modified to make the drivers fit, Pauley said. The only changes were some holes that were drilled into the existing seed brackets for mounting bolts. "You don't see any of the mounting pieces," Pauley pointed out.</span><br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_A6Y9HSp2oUt1MN4y-u2Wsn5NplnIzKMnR_8F2bbnBwDThRvzyQSxWmti-BeZD60z-8XCneTg_KVTsFom7sN7p4T2Z-g-nsQ0o4ux5piOH-nPSYT5nUatLYxhyphenhyphenGHRnR2WSzg2FmLpzsGM/s1600/023c.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="image in color of the interior of Matt Billmeier's 1995 Dodge Ram truck highlighting the passenger's side waveguide under the seat" border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_A6Y9HSp2oUt1MN4y-u2Wsn5NplnIzKMnR_8F2bbnBwDThRvzyQSxWmti-BeZD60z-8XCneTg_KVTsFom7sN7p4T2Z-g-nsQ0o4ux5piOH-nPSYT5nUatLYxhyphenhyphenGHRnR2WSzg2FmLpzsGM/s320/023c.jpg" title="" width="281" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Two horn-loaded compression drivers were mounted <br />
in an usual location: beneath each front seat. The <br />
mouth of each horn is covered by grille cloth.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Each driver is concealed by an L-shaped trim panel made out of MDF and vinyl, with grill cloth stretched over a cut-out in the center for the horn. The panels also extend to the side of the seat next to each door.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-size: large;">Smokin' Bass</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">The tweeters from the MB Quart CX 215.03 component sets are mounted in cut-outs made at the top of each door. Gray grill cloth was stretched over the cutouts. Because the tweeters are not used for everyday listening. Pauley said, a switch in the dash turns them on for competition use.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">The switch is located where the factory ashtray used to be. A vinyl-covered panel in the ashtray holds four switches. One switch turns neon on and off, the second controls a digital voltage meter end and amplifier temperature gauge in the overhead console, the third switches power between the two batteries under the hood, and the last turns the tweeters on and off.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">The cigarette lighter also does not work in its original capacity. Pauley modified it to control a Phoenix Gold LPL-44 bass-level controller. By removing the internal workings of the lighter, Pauley said he was able to fit the LPL-44 In Its place. The removable tip of the cigarette lighter was then attached to the control knob on the LPL-44 with epoxy. Instead of pulling out the cigarette lighter to light someone's smoke, the lighter/LPL-44 knob combination is turned to pump out some smokin' bass.</span><br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjiEHkRUdD7uZSbnKQQDMkTd1a9KlWpA0as3gqLfVJOKhKwy3HhMOFt3ZiHxGsxMFou5MG5rEQF7dWZGfupetIWn0IKzigCiFYPuuvwN4CLi_Nvmc8RStEnu6V8b2WjM20RIjzi0nbZlJ2X/s1600/023e.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="image in color of the interior of Matt Billmeier's 1995 Dodge Ram truck highlighting the equipment behind on the dash" border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjiEHkRUdD7uZSbnKQQDMkTd1a9KlWpA0as3gqLfVJOKhKwy3HhMOFt3ZiHxGsxMFou5MG5rEQF7dWZGfupetIWn0IKzigCiFYPuuvwN4CLi_Nvmc8RStEnu6V8b2WjM20RIjzi0nbZlJ2X/s320/023e.jpg" title="" width="293" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Displays for battery voltage and amplifier temperature <br />
are mounted behind a smoked Plexiglas panel in an <br />
overhead storage pocket.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Right above the switch panel is the Alpine 7909 CD radio, mounted in the stock location. A trim ring fashioned out of black Formica borders the unit.</span><br />
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">An enclosure made out of MDF, fiberglass, and vinyl below the center of the dash holds a Phoenix Gold TBAT balanced-line transmitter. A cover similar to others in the installation conceals the front of it.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">A digital voltage display for the batteries and a temperature gauge for the amplifiers are mounted behind a smoked-Plexiglas panel in an overhead storage pocket. A switch on the panel in the ashtray alternates to display from one battery to another, "so you can read the voltages of both batteries with one meter," Pauley said.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-size: large;">That Winning Edge</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Pauley protected Billmeier's investment with an Alpine 8080 alarm. When the alarm is triggered, Billmeier's cellular phone housed in the center console will call his pager.</span><br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitE2IS6KdCWhpq5BsecaCkpK81udKcA6FhZgmsPmGvedGUaDJ1WBQabN0GpgUVJuAA8ZwK3TotqF-qmK1U_qQYRO2VfC96mS7aSNpmwll22ccYdKTqcUQ1VT-3J88fqHbMndADSWB2rePw/s1600/024e.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="image in color of the engine compartment of Matt Billmeier's 1995 Dodge Ram truck highlighting the upgraded batteries" border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitE2IS6KdCWhpq5BsecaCkpK81udKcA6FhZgmsPmGvedGUaDJ1WBQabN0GpgUVJuAA8ZwK3TotqF-qmK1U_qQYRO2VfC96mS7aSNpmwll22ccYdKTqcUQ1VT-3J88fqHbMndADSWB2rePw/s320/024e.jpg" title="" width="281" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The factory battery was replaced with two interstate <br />
batteries linked by a Phoenix Gold isolator. Mounted <br />
next to the battery on the passenger side of the engine <br />
compartment is a Rockford Fosgate capacitor and a <br />
Phoenix Gold fuse holder, all covered by Plexiglas.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Under the hood, the factory battery was replaced with an interstate MTP-74 model. Another sits next to it to power the audio system when the engine is off. The two batteries are linked by a Phoenix Gold isolator. Also mounted near the batteries is a Rockford Fosgate 1-farad capacitor.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">The isolator and capacitor are mounted on top of the passenger-side fender wall on a black-Plexiglas panel. A clear Plexiglas panel covers them for protection. The panel also wraps around the batteries and holds various fuses and relays. The factory alternator was replaced with a larger stock 120-ampere model.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">The system in Billmeier's Dodge has remained generally the same in the two years it's been installed. Byt upgrades in the system are inevitable, Billmeier said, especially after his only loss in the 1996 season was when he took second place in the 0-100-Watts Consumer class at the USAC Finals in Kansas City.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">"There's that winning edge. You always want to be on top of everyone else," he said. "It's the same way being a DJ; you are always trying to outdo the competition. If your competition has 5,000 watts, you want to double that. You're always trying to do better than them."</span><br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhB1FElluhZH-amNIHyktqZM3EfTpkrgMfaSZ3nFXv-z7ipid8axbna5glOZzTA84DVfzA0y037U1noGEqPz7kCW8ZQb1EwsbsXN4vyBREeU169D0TYPLO2cu5sb9ua8pUc5SM0_SipTmck/s1600/024c.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="image in color of the interior of Matt Billmeier's 1995 Dodge Ram truck highlighting the Line Driver" border="0" height="199" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhB1FElluhZH-amNIHyktqZM3EfTpkrgMfaSZ3nFXv-z7ipid8axbna5glOZzTA84DVfzA0y037U1noGEqPz7kCW8ZQb1EwsbsXN4vyBREeU169D0TYPLO2cu5sb9ua8pUc5SM0_SipTmck/s200/024c.jpg" title="" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A compartment made out of MDF, <br />fiberglass, and vinyl below the dash holds <br />a Phoenix Gold balanced-transmitter.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9FskR1anGQgdg8gzIpybeRGphBnYL1iA1XF4h26g1bpZPpveN3MJPkQpg_tGQ1IvO5H-jMVieQCmQknqtcYriqLif7XYodpQ-85-u3BjNO4tiEZ8WI6Ffn_o_awwqhdlmYL6-5JmQq3q2/s1600/024d.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="image in color of the interior of Matt Billmeier's 1995 Dodge Ram truck highlighting the status meters" border="0" height="195" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9FskR1anGQgdg8gzIpybeRGphBnYL1iA1XF4h26g1bpZPpveN3MJPkQpg_tGQ1IvO5H-jMVieQCmQknqtcYriqLif7XYodpQ-85-u3BjNO4tiEZ8WI6Ffn_o_awwqhdlmYL6-5JmQq3q2/s200/024d.jpg" title="" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Displays for battery voltage and <br />amplifier temperature</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Car Audio and Electronics March 1997 <br />
Cover</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgf8DZu2aMnrfeEKS0KaKR_IChhdcgrTmu1qmQ3sZLhOPYrs8uP8Fb3s1a1jmafBKrDZweN0_JG2-9DdHA5IZepinULhnqbu71uWc3-wVp4EWCmXXJMZaNf7sbAj5G7unPhxnOO7J8jKjWl/s1600/Car+Audio+and+Electronics+March+1997+Index+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="image in color of Car Audio and Electronics March 1997 Index page" border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgf8DZu2aMnrfeEKS0KaKR_IChhdcgrTmu1qmQ3sZLhOPYrs8uP8Fb3s1a1jmafBKrDZweN0_JG2-9DdHA5IZepinULhnqbu71uWc3-wVp4EWCmXXJMZaNf7sbAj5G7unPhxnOO7J8jKjWl/s320/Car+Audio+and+Electronics+March+1997+Index+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" title="" width="230" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Car Audio and Electronics March 1997 <br />
Index</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEha0f0z2aid9Kpp0CZz8OozClXiSKYsnaV7hv41Zx7ue-yYS66mrxEl4Ouz6DnFt8u54C9gTgFJteJwYQ32uDLmlIZKWrZVeuGel6-GYOkbL8MTexi2-Lw22skGVfol9woYpOw-3EzW1dZV/s1600/Car+Audio+and+Electronics+March+1997+page+36+and+37+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="image in color of Car Audio and Electronics March 1997 Pages 36 and 37" border="0" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEha0f0z2aid9Kpp0CZz8OozClXiSKYsnaV7hv41Zx7ue-yYS66mrxEl4Ouz6DnFt8u54C9gTgFJteJwYQ32uDLmlIZKWrZVeuGel6-GYOkbL8MTexi2-Lw22skGVfol9woYpOw-3EzW1dZV/s320/Car+Audio+and+Electronics+March+1997+page+36+and+37+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" title="" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Car Audio and Electronics March 1997 <br />
Pages 36 and 37</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjng3A274ZPnLxd0ndgpTKTXfdnkoB7CTh_RiEjSk5TJj4j-GsHl9GSnOFAcDnvGWlFdpQCtxx6UBu6vc3AQdPgSRgFmDoWAwCFTA5J020D2En3D3DQjkpAx77-y1Dw8UbasRbiGzKJxDmt/s1600/Car+Audio+and+Electronics+March+1997+page+38+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Image in color of Car Audio and Electronics March 1997 Page 38" border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjng3A274ZPnLxd0ndgpTKTXfdnkoB7CTh_RiEjSk5TJj4j-GsHl9GSnOFAcDnvGWlFdpQCtxx6UBu6vc3AQdPgSRgFmDoWAwCFTA5J020D2En3D3DQjkpAx77-y1Dw8UbasRbiGzKJxDmt/s320/Car+Audio+and+Electronics+March+1997+page+38+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" title="" width="225" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Car Audio and Electronics March 1997 <br />
Page 38</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiCTzDtGWEsY8wb42ohW1uxwsfirFXZSTHDcaarxAA2oAxfALR_wHwuSVXzt6jISWYxWRgKZMenIqGweWK5TYu98n9lxxeaEM6uaq0y_vZQ9TC43QCUhyKnjJPnRCWrp4JhLd5HjKocX5q/s1600/Car+Audio+and+Electronics+March+1997+page+39+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="image in color of Car Audio and Electronics March 1997 Page 39" border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiCTzDtGWEsY8wb42ohW1uxwsfirFXZSTHDcaarxAA2oAxfALR_wHwuSVXzt6jISWYxWRgKZMenIqGweWK5TYu98n9lxxeaEM6uaq0y_vZQ9TC43QCUhyKnjJPnRCWrp4JhLd5HjKocX5q/s320/Car+Audio+and+Electronics+March+1997+page+39+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" title="" width="227" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Car Audio and Electronics March 1997 <br />
Page 39</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Car Audio and Electronics March 1997 <br />
Page 40</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCms3F0fO8QnTdbvUf9113z1FGH4DeDBc0KtgWAFPZMJPZ6tu9o9F8QFdY7aF3RKmAqocxr8Z_EJ_GNScJAllLm-LX92H0idWK9FQ3HY30rFwHt-n5jrzLgJP5g5x8YOMBYwheaxT8x4M4/s1600/Car+Audio+and+Electronics+March+1997+page+41+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="image in color of Car Audio and Electronics March 1997 Page 41" border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCms3F0fO8QnTdbvUf9113z1FGH4DeDBc0KtgWAFPZMJPZ6tu9o9F8QFdY7aF3RKmAqocxr8Z_EJ_GNScJAllLm-LX92H0idWK9FQ3HY30rFwHt-n5jrzLgJP5g5x8YOMBYwheaxT8x4M4/s320/Car+Audio+and+Electronics+March+1997+page+41+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" title="" width="227" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Car Audio and Electronics March 1997 <br />
Page 41</td></tr>
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albertoalopezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01993782226348320330noreply@blogger.com5Omaha, NE, USA41.2523634 -95.99798829999997541.0614744 -96.32071179999997 41.4432524 -95.675264799999979tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5773772622008994113.post-15182783010132089742016-05-10T15:44:00.001-04:002016-05-13T01:22:03.381-04:00The Chateau Lafite of Car Audio<span style="font-size: large;">If car audio systems are like wines, if they get better over time, Chuck Barbosa's Laser is the equivalent to an 1869 Chateau Lafite. </span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcd4OIfIdSP4i4PsTUeUR0rEJX5wk7EX9Y5HGXrs6vjdeOCCgwZHuuZSBwRobuKyqL_RdiNou_P_ecmJy56SdXb2e8LTTANXTsanWfcNrErlILX1zTWAZ6penHeRYC1oI0PpcHeX3jGdZl/s1600/Chuck+Barbosa%2527s+1990+Plymouth+Laser+-+068a+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Picture of Chuck Barbosa and his award winning 1990 Plymouth Laser" border="0" height="164" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcd4OIfIdSP4i4PsTUeUR0rEJX5wk7EX9Y5HGXrs6vjdeOCCgwZHuuZSBwRobuKyqL_RdiNou_P_ecmJy56SdXb2e8LTTANXTsanWfcNrErlILX1zTWAZ6penHeRYC1oI0PpcHeX3jGdZl/s320/Chuck+Barbosa%2527s+1990+Plymouth+Laser+-+068a+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" title="If car audio systems are like wines, if they get better over time, Chuck Barbosa's Laser is the equivalent to an 1869 Chateau Lafite Rothschild from Pauillac, France" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Chateau Lafite of Car Audio</td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: large;">At $45,000 per individual serving,</span> the 1869 Chateau Lafite Rothschild from Pauillac, France carries the Rothschild name just in case it's heritage is somehow missed. Yes, the Rothschilds funded Napoleon's wars. They lent us money to buy Louisiana and founded Lincoln's army. They safeguarded both Germany's and Britain's gold during the second world war. And they have been know to shun more than one king including Queen Elizabeth II. We are talking of some serious wine, if we can just see the facts.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZX7D8AM9aCvenexHIwLF99Yy4zySsFbzpqpSLlx2lGLObJLZR5ceeW-xGjwjxtAvWS3o23Q7i5ocOg8RRZy2FjJrS3vCk-3O6D6ebJ1jNKwur2JcYlJ_0cLqZ7AqgU719dKbFywxuqsAM/s1600/Chuck+Barbosa%2527s+1990+Plymouth+Laser+-+070c+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="166" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZX7D8AM9aCvenexHIwLF99Yy4zySsFbzpqpSLlx2lGLObJLZR5ceeW-xGjwjxtAvWS3o23Q7i5ocOg8RRZy2FjJrS3vCk-3O6D6ebJ1jNKwur2JcYlJ_0cLqZ7AqgU719dKbFywxuqsAM/s320/Chuck+Barbosa%2527s+1990+Plymouth+Laser+-+070c+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Whatever wasn't chromed was polished</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Chuck's car is no different. There was simply nothing else left to be chromed or polished anywhere. There were more motors than one could manage. Presenting while being judged for installation was a complete Broadway show with stage hands running around behind Chuck as he turned lights on and off, as seemingly factory panels were removed to uncover more shine than on Trump's airplane, and as motors activated and deactivated; all in a Cirque-du-Soleil-like choreography. Yes, Chuck's car has so much of so many things and that is just before the lights go out and the real show begins: the tremendously real sound presentation. His system was always sweet and precise. There was something very romantic about the way music played in his car.<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgG-2KZbHOzSsAwVpwuPJPT2LVSyrax8MPLVjX9AWrk7ryglIhM_rjcZLbqC-Y0uM68QSocgGeFW6AapEjj_sJ4b7OYVts4_BUfaBN0DgKmvetIwEr-egKCPAi9rj7MdhE-mTiC7_vG8QLd/s1600/Chuck+Barbosa%2527s+1990+Plymouth+Laser+-+066c+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="101" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgG-2KZbHOzSsAwVpwuPJPT2LVSyrax8MPLVjX9AWrk7ryglIhM_rjcZLbqC-Y0uM68QSocgGeFW6AapEjj_sJ4b7OYVts4_BUfaBN0DgKmvetIwEr-egKCPAi9rj7MdhE-mTiC7_vG8QLd/s320/Chuck+Barbosa%2527s+1990+Plymouth+Laser+-+066c+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Staging the illusion: 1990 Plymouth Laser<br />
It took many years, lots of competitions, and in a good deal of <br />
frustration to perfect the layout of this masterful system.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
In deed, his car had come a long way since the days of endless frustration. Chuck got the point of being able to win everything he competed in. In a <a href="http://audio2music.blogspot.com/2016/05/matt-billmeiers-super-stealth-95-ram.html" target="_blank">previous article I covered Matt Billmeier's truck</a> and made a comment about the fact that, if given the choice, I would have never had Chuck and Matt compete against each other. In the article I said that Chuck's car was much more mature. You see, Matt's truck, despite being very nice, still had way too much engine work to get done. There was the opportunity to add many points of motorization. Like it or not, judges like lights and motion. No different than mosquitoes. Just throw in some carbon dioxide and they are entranced. Then there is the fact that Matt could have had midbass added to the floor. He had more than enough space and it <a href="http://audio2music.blogspot.com/2015/08/a-family-business.html" target="_blank">would have complemented the waveguides</a> much more than the MB Quarts did. Also, I would have gone for a Dynaudio instead. <a href="http://audio2music.blogspot.com/2015/08/jays-escort-real-british-pride.html" target="_blank">I tried this combination in a future British car and it worked fantastically</a>. And even then, it would have been difficult for Matt to try to take a trophy from Chuck. It is safe to say that his counsel gave Matt bad advice.<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1qj6nlYR2hhMk6rEb1CWxQDNMnNRHPgXk-XDoL6P-HVwqnBopjRRKeTGMjBJ1jCsme2bDj7R8HqFW4gM3QkZ6XeZ6OGdJeDEV5tc_If1jBsiwaMpbivKktTV64e17-JqdZtVBBJt-ZR9c/s1600/Chuck+Barbosa%2527s+1990+Plymouth+Laser+-+069e+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="219" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1qj6nlYR2hhMk6rEb1CWxQDNMnNRHPgXk-XDoL6P-HVwqnBopjRRKeTGMjBJ1jCsme2bDj7R8HqFW4gM3QkZ6XeZ6OGdJeDEV5tc_If1jBsiwaMpbivKktTV64e17-JqdZtVBBJt-ZR9c/s320/Chuck+Barbosa%2527s+1990+Plymouth+Laser+-+069e+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A close inspection of the rear of the car does not reveal <br />
any amplifiers. At a touch of a button, four chrome <br />
Kicker amps are revealed</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
As for chuck, he went on to become one of the most wining vehicles in the history of car audio sound offs.Today, Chuck risks his life so that we all can live a better one. He is a decorated member of the SWAT team in the Kansas City metro area. That, besides still being the best looking guy in our competition team. We used to call him 'Suave' because he had the same gravitational pull on girls as a black-hole on stars. And why not, let's embarrass him.Let's hope his family reads this article so that we can all have a laugh at his expense. He has always had broad-enough shoulders to take on any load.<br />
Chuck, buddy, here is a transcription of the latest article Car Audio printed on you and your car. <a href="http://audio2music.blogspot.com/2014/01/sound-off-bullies-unwelcomed.html" target="_blank">To read the previous post on your car, visit this link.</a> It is my intention that this blog gains archival value so that your grandchildren can one day see what grandpa was up to. Enjoy:<br />
<br />
<br />
<b><span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-size: large;">This 1990 Plymouth Laser is a masterpiece</span></b><br />
<i><span style="color: #b4a7d6;">by Michael Waddell</span></i><br />
<i><span style="color: #b4a7d6;">photography by Heather Selwitz</span></i><br />
<i></i><br />
<i></i>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-size: large;">Everyone loves surprises.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">So it makes sense that nearly everyone loves Chuck Barbosa's 1990 Plymouth Laser. Why? Because it's loaded with more treats than a Christmas stocking. But make no mistake, it took many years, lots of competitions, and a good deal of frustration for Barbosa, who worked with Alberto Lopez, to perfect the layout of the system.</span><br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEike8dnf2wG_g1mA81Et2Y0HgkYWiNdfMrM7y1eP1xyVyckd_aszBnVpUcYxuXFzcrtritfdw6JfIoKtStvPcd3N8gqE7dUhyphenhyphenMpVe9R7y5-XWm4P2vpT6JkUhc7WgDR__1sag8Y_v-C1-TC/s1600/Chuck+Barbosa%2527s+1990+Plymouth+Laser+-+068d+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="116" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEike8dnf2wG_g1mA81Et2Y0HgkYWiNdfMrM7y1eP1xyVyckd_aszBnVpUcYxuXFzcrtritfdw6JfIoKtStvPcd3N8gqE7dUhyphenhyphenMpVe9R7y5-XWm4P2vpT6JkUhc7WgDR__1sag8Y_v-C1-TC/s200/Chuck+Barbosa%2527s+1990+Plymouth+Laser+-+068d+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Pioneer ODR CD transport, RSD2, <br />
appears from the dash when the <br />
cigarette lighter is pulled </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">At first glance, it appears the factory radio is still in place. The real thing, and RSD2 Pioneer ODR (optical digital reference system) in-dash CD transport, appears when the cigarette lighter is pushed. The large LCD-as background was modified to match the amber color of the instrument panel's lighting.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Like the front dash, the back seat also seems normal and unaltered when first viewed. "The rear seat is far from normal," explained Barbosa. "It is operated by a remote-controlled motor. The motor lowers the seat until it is completely horizontal, exposing the chromed ODR processors.</span><br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2H5bdbNAhGOWdTVKaMpyHWjNwzdx35YZjGYXG4_pv8GEK90Zo2mC1jznEJ5XC4YgE3Ta7AICQ9y0M6lSqFG2gBkO3X_ZeVmlgx0W7UN6Lwe1hNab7vmJ90jqm38Hii51nRKy9wcozDX-K/s1600/Chuck+Barbosa%2527s+1990+Plymouth+Laser+-+069d+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="140" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2H5bdbNAhGOWdTVKaMpyHWjNwzdx35YZjGYXG4_pv8GEK90Zo2mC1jznEJ5XC4YgE3Ta7AICQ9y0M6lSqFG2gBkO3X_ZeVmlgx0W7UN6Lwe1hNab7vmJ90jqm38Hii51nRKy9wcozDX-K/s200/Chuck+Barbosa%2527s+1990+Plymouth+Laser+-+069d+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Mounted on the back seat behind an acrylic <br />
window are Pioneer's ODR P1 digital <br />
equalizer and P50 digital crossover</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">The P1 Pioneer digital equalizer in the P50 Pioneer digital crossover and digital-to-analog converter (DAC) are mounted with steel brackets. A clear acrylic window makes for a beautiful presentation and protects the processors from damage, while an optical cable connects the processors to the indash transport.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">A 12-disc Pioneer ODR CD changer (RSM1) is a comfortably housed in the glove compartment. Pressing a button in the center console activates a motor that smoothly opens the globe box.</span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQ5MzWTltqpZ-9xZAPwlf0ScvgAH8rgHakzDCjBxo1EgdkaDswhYVwAKtYOFX42Kwtp064RgRKQh4DJA_sPVbjyRkM2aScIH6uHh9ajQLVdfn7G19-gkfcpxKu_-6FF_QNVSH90hbpQbDh/s1600/Chuck+Barbosa%2527s+1990+Plymouth+Laser+-+070d+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="145" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQ5MzWTltqpZ-9xZAPwlf0ScvgAH8rgHakzDCjBxo1EgdkaDswhYVwAKtYOFX42Kwtp064RgRKQh4DJA_sPVbjyRkM2aScIH6uHh9ajQLVdfn7G19-gkfcpxKu_-6FF_QNVSH90hbpQbDh/s320/Chuck+Barbosa%2527s+1990+Plymouth+Laser+-+070d+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A 12-disc ODR CD changer is comfortably housed <br />
in the motorized globe compartment</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">One of the most surprising aspects of the car is a kick panel design. Many competition vehicles have to expand the kick panel area in order to accommodate custom features. In Barbosa's Laser, the custom panels leave even more room than there was when the car came out of the factory! Accomplishing this feat, however, required some creative thinking.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">"Lots of factory wiring, relays, and the car's computer had to be removed in order to keep the kick panels as slim as possible." Barbosa said. "The result is a car that is easier to drive than ever before. This is a stark contrast to many competition vehicles.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">A pair of Focal four-inch midrange drivers (4K411) were chosen along with two one-inch Kicker tweeters (ND25) the angles of the mids and highs were determined based on a prediction of the speakers' dispersion properties (or the speakers' ability to radiate sound over a wide angle). The mids are pointed toward the far side passenger area, and the highs directly face a passenger. The result is sound that is wide, focused, and symmetrical.</span><br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBN84xZnVUbZr3ehO3dh4TEXthDHjBKU2QScyvy4rAeYtSJ2iQ-_rBa_7NP-Kb_1KdFexNOnY5NVbQmtN9zUOarm1RMNvhNapTE58yP3mf9KXv6K26V6azxC_HwmlJITAv0kw8kxyPn2um/s1600/Chuck+Barbosa%2527s+1990+Plymouth+Laser+-+068c+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="144" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBN84xZnVUbZr3ehO3dh4TEXthDHjBKU2QScyvy4rAeYtSJ2iQ-_rBa_7NP-Kb_1KdFexNOnY5NVbQmtN9zUOarm1RMNvhNapTE58yP3mf9KXv6K26V6azxC_HwmlJITAv0kw8kxyPn2um/s200/Chuck+Barbosa%2527s+1990+Plymouth+Laser+-+068c+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Chuck chose a factory stealth look<br />
for his dash</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">"Alberto decided to locate the tweeter in a place where it would be delayed by an almost equal amount, relative to the midrange, for both passengers," said Barbosa. "This is meant to eliminate the effect that makes a sound stage high at one end of the dash and low at the other end. The result is a stage that has stable height and uniform vertical spread from left to right."</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">After encountering some refraction problems, it was decided that the grills for both the mids and highs needed to be shaped by hand in order to achieve an exponential profile. The stainless steel mesh of the grills made this especially difficult, but not impossible.</span><br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcrBYMIfwepOb1bbkKqrxG4lNtvBgFxcqSLuX_ccOpyjZrXcixr6bhZtoTN4yj_Fq1GSZifliJhT1YuwjerSilrBQJhfSxyVv_auOiO0bz-j-F-6Twct891-pLj_GBtT7idTjfGiKGZ87_/s1600/Chuck+Barbosa%2527s+1990+Plymouth+Laser+-+069b+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="140" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcrBYMIfwepOb1bbkKqrxG4lNtvBgFxcqSLuX_ccOpyjZrXcixr6bhZtoTN4yj_Fq1GSZifliJhT1YuwjerSilrBQJhfSxyVv_auOiO0bz-j-F-6Twct891-pLj_GBtT7idTjfGiKGZ87_/s200/Chuck+Barbosa%2527s+1990+Plymouth+Laser+-+069b+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Two pairs of Focal 6-inch midbass <br />
drivers are installed in the custom doors</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">"The grills turned out to be masterpieces. We're very proud of how they turned out," said Barbosa. "One very famous competition judge told us that our grills were so solid that one could play Frisbee with them and still be able to show the car afterwards."</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Another masterful piece of work on Barbosa's Laser is the doors. They appear to be stock, but they are actually custom pieces that have been fabricated from fiberglass and are covered in vinyl. Because an accurate match to the factory color could not be found, the vinyl had to be dyed.</span><br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgK3iH4vvF4Ry8Qo47p9PD-75Bv7prGGOtVM1PKWr8Gq1bdsY5QkGEaLNbKOHZ1FrR1-HsTpZMp9hIYMh4wY0M1r3Qx0pQVrz6_9790-vFLbyI099Gbngse9tkbDpnig9sABSQ8xKU_CJvG/s1600/Chuck+Barbosa%2527s+1990+Plymouth+Laser+-+069c+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="142" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgK3iH4vvF4Ry8Qo47p9PD-75Bv7prGGOtVM1PKWr8Gq1bdsY5QkGEaLNbKOHZ1FrR1-HsTpZMp9hIYMh4wY0M1r3Qx0pQVrz6_9790-vFLbyI099Gbngse9tkbDpnig9sABSQ8xKU_CJvG/s200/Chuck+Barbosa%2527s+1990+Plymouth+Laser+-+069c+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Fabricated from fiberglass and <br />
covered in vinyl, these masterful <br />
doors appear stock</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">"Alberto did an incredible job with the construction of the doors," Barbosa declared. "It has been over four years since then, and the doors to look as good as brand-new."</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Two pairs of Focal six-inch midrange drivers are installed in the custom doors and mounted in cylinders that are lined with sound absorption padding. This helps the cylinders to work as short waveguides that control the dispersion of the speakers.</span><br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMAT4CuHD04lGaFA8WUOL7OgojAVQ3oZOOZNNgFLxiyshmyFg0wd6-v1vhBu-6444Slhyphenhyphen8uEaOIiz9-64_Q8JakIXOHHqmF1qNWS0Xd0m7dEEJxO0ptiwRH_2kmulY_iEwmApILaBl5FUu/s1600/Chuck+Barbosa%2527s+1990+Plymouth+Laser+-+068b+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="125" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMAT4CuHD04lGaFA8WUOL7OgojAVQ3oZOOZNNgFLxiyshmyFg0wd6-v1vhBu-6444Slhyphenhyphen8uEaOIiz9-64_Q8JakIXOHHqmF1qNWS0Xd0m7dEEJxO0ptiwRH_2kmulY_iEwmApILaBl5FUu/s200/Chuck+Barbosa%2527s+1990+Plymouth+Laser+-+068b+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Three Solo-Baric woofers are located in a <br />
fiberglass tub in the trunk of the car</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">A close inspection of the rear of the car does not reveal the amplifier location, but one touch of the alarm's remote and a custom amp rack suddenly appears, revealing four hand-chromed Kicker amps. To save space, two amps are mounted on each side of the rack.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">"We wanted the rack to be very stable, so we used double industrial grade rails and dual linear actuators," explained Barbosa. "The rack is also trimmed in Plexiglass. It took us a lot of hours to sand and polish the edges to make them transparent."</span><br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgy0l8Uc0kpc4IPcVaZE5GXuw70GhTBZYj_m_1bgUVeizoY7UMI-HUHH8f5GUNHWGTB6sYROCfDGSstEMfB8dfiqETJZYN-0AN7BIR8K-SZMJdwvXtXDZCrFCFBQds_dW6QojWYAiOd_XlU/s1600/Chuck+Barbosa%2527s+1990+Plymouth+Laser+-+070e+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="168" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgy0l8Uc0kpc4IPcVaZE5GXuw70GhTBZYj_m_1bgUVeizoY7UMI-HUHH8f5GUNHWGTB6sYROCfDGSstEMfB8dfiqETJZYN-0AN7BIR8K-SZMJdwvXtXDZCrFCFBQds_dW6QojWYAiOd_XlU/s200/Chuck+Barbosa%2527s+1990+Plymouth+Laser+-+070e+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Minor details like these fuses <br />
are paramount for success</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">To keep the amps cool, a sophisticated fan system allows for a strong flow of air whether the rack is up or down. For easy tuning, the amplifier gains have been extended to one side of the rack using a few feet of speedometer cable. Custom-made cables are used to connect the amps to the speakers and processors. </span><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFOixEfGL9psQanSzRls5eRh7ck_JTs7yeqIsRmXIk06YDX0_DjPKbE-5TYPt-JCY-FQnxHGUowX_MMODHA3NCKYu7xn0_y3B5wFrEnH54IMDcXg1HFq3ZnpDXsKKUkkiTpyGtq8Xjoh6D/s1600/Chuck+Barbosa%2527s+1990+Plymouth+Laser+-+070b+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="196" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFOixEfGL9psQanSzRls5eRh7ck_JTs7yeqIsRmXIk06YDX0_DjPKbE-5TYPt-JCY-FQnxHGUowX_MMODHA3NCKYu7xn0_y3B5wFrEnH54IMDcXg1HFq3ZnpDXsKKUkkiTpyGtq8Xjoh6D/s200/Chuck+Barbosa%2527s+1990+Plymouth+Laser+-+070b+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" width="200" /></a><span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Additionally, a digital amplifier gauge highlighting voltage and temperature is mounted behind Plexiglass in the spare pocket under the head unit in the dash. The gauge made by Intellitronics in Oklahoma, features a custom circuit that toggles between all four amps.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">In order to fill the bass in the front stage, a Focal five-inch subwoofer (5KX) is vented to the center console (in front of of the shifter). The sub is housed in a sealed enclosure and a custom grill provides an attractive covering.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">"Many times judges don't even know that the from sub is even there," Barbosa said.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Three Kicker Solo-Baric ten-inch subwoofers (S-10DC) are located in a fiberglass tub in the trunk of the car. The tub, which is painted with gelcoat to match the exterior of the car, is placed behind the amp rack. Red neon surrounds the enclosure.</span><br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDGq-wjrNK5AilPTHHvz91vl2S_RCGMZ79UszpUHeLFAG41URhC5_5EzzQrASXNhQYDd1SnrU6nY8rXMo2ejvUTkXoFMPP6YvQp5JROUsrKjUCxyjYIOR3vd0CwjiTO822Qs2kI3rZheS6/s1600/Chuck+Barbosa%2527s+1990+Plymouth+Laser+-+070g+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDGq-wjrNK5AilPTHHvz91vl2S_RCGMZ79UszpUHeLFAG41URhC5_5EzzQrASXNhQYDd1SnrU6nY8rXMo2ejvUTkXoFMPP6YvQp5JROUsrKjUCxyjYIOR3vd0CwjiTO822Qs2kI3rZheS6/s320/Chuck+Barbosa%2527s+1990+Plymouth+Laser+-+070g+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" width="271" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">For the 2000 season, Barbosa is planning<br />
a complete overhaul of the Laser</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9DwWj6OOI2h_7Imgi8G9RALWGvepeQjsf0iCQND3EYxpQ-8bpkljM7ZC1dWqqYNh5p5jb7e02pgWB-JtiX0HujMAK3uCoW6ITiqfWP6qc_csiDy3Va78Hc-3JFfmGQrT-6Kw1htLjvod7/s1600/Chuck+Barbosa%2527s+1990+Plymouth+Laser+-+070f+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="153" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9DwWj6OOI2h_7Imgi8G9RALWGvepeQjsf0iCQND3EYxpQ-8bpkljM7ZC1dWqqYNh5p5jb7e02pgWB-JtiX0HujMAK3uCoW6ITiqfWP6qc_csiDy3Va78Hc-3JFfmGQrT-6Kw1htLjvod7/s200/Chuck+Barbosa%2527s+1990+Plymouth+Laser+-+070f+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Minor detail;s such as this tool tray <br />
keep Chuck ahead of the pack</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Even after all of this work, Barbosa was still not reaching the level of competition at the national level that he had hoped for. He lacked one final ingredient - his system needed a good tuning. Doug Winker from Kicker tweaking team helped Barbosa before the '99 IASCA Finals and it paid off in a big way.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Since he began competing in 1992, Barbosa estimates that he has attended well over 100 events. During 1999, he traveled to 12 USAC shows, including the USAC World Finals, where he finished second in his class (Amateur 301-600). </span><br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgD3MRWPlaMsBIYUQaZL7-DUgewOY2abGNREClTYtdgcZfwgHjeEWy8OLLdUpsZDKp_el4uoime_BiVlFhkhe8FFhHi4UV4x4PRCS35tzTa9N-X5uB73lr1XJxiiPB3WlFq-4zY3sZXkuIc/s1600/Chuck+Barbosa%2527s+1990+Plymouth+Laser+-+069f+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="136" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgD3MRWPlaMsBIYUQaZL7-DUgewOY2abGNREClTYtdgcZfwgHjeEWy8OLLdUpsZDKp_el4uoime_BiVlFhkhe8FFhHi4UV4x4PRCS35tzTa9N-X5uB73lr1XJxiiPB3WlFq-4zY3sZXkuIc/s200/Chuck+Barbosa%2527s+1990+Plymouth+Laser+-+069f+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Behind the rear seat is a custom power<br />
distribution system utilizing<br />
Streetwires products </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">He was also undefeated in 10 IASCA events, which included taking the World Championship in his class at the IASCA Finals.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">For the 2000 season, Barbosa is planning a complete overhaul of the Laser. Gary Biggs of Car Toys will be heading up the revamping. </span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">"I don't want to give anything away at this point," said Barbosa. "I must keep my secrets, but my car will certainly have a totally new look for 2000."</span><br />
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Following are the complete pages as published by the magazine:<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLZsVx5cHFJQDTiiUqWPSe3c3a3EZViRouYdk4jEflHrgbWwnPOxlG4guxblBbxUrRU2JPNqZ6e_LhanS770R0tPIwxbZN37VpaQ-SPCHPS2y1aNaI1MGwIvjZsePgEvBKHoh5rcr4OhxR/s1600/Car+Audio+Magazine+May+2000+index+page+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLZsVx5cHFJQDTiiUqWPSe3c3a3EZViRouYdk4jEflHrgbWwnPOxlG4guxblBbxUrRU2JPNqZ6e_LhanS770R0tPIwxbZN37VpaQ-SPCHPS2y1aNaI1MGwIvjZsePgEvBKHoh5rcr4OhxR/s200/Car+Audio+Magazine+May+2000+index+page+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" width="147" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">Index page</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 12.8px;">Car Audio & Electronics</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 12.8px;">May 2000</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjK8m4Skx7HYWVO2LrkHHoJqLsAYGrOweplp3U9hgRICX7eSiRSerXUOp_k9B9Rn95SyRBHBrg51fSYUh2jvdTO1X8zqP-cGFyMlUS3NpnNLsC5cdQKc29r7izwhdlhLIcPOhoBPzLJUdph/s1600/Car+Audio+Magazine+May+2000+cover+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjK8m4Skx7HYWVO2LrkHHoJqLsAYGrOweplp3U9hgRICX7eSiRSerXUOp_k9B9Rn95SyRBHBrg51fSYUh2jvdTO1X8zqP-cGFyMlUS3NpnNLsC5cdQKc29r7izwhdlhLIcPOhoBPzLJUdph/s200/Car+Audio+Magazine+May+2000+cover+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" width="150" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Cover<br />
<span style="font-size: 12.8px;">Car Audio & Electronics</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 12.8px;">May 2000</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_y-sQlvd3WZRZbEiI4CXCVCgDHVdvUlYtVvrmniLQdvqaG6EotYY7dz4w9rtaR3yJnILpsTpKV9Wj7gjabAiUYLhcN-rGx_qGL7HvfaQ-k10ksxAF3oZQ16nphmw50BXJvIDHGqUDkbhe/s1600/Car+Audio+Magazine+May+2000+pages+56+and+57+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="270" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_y-sQlvd3WZRZbEiI4CXCVCgDHVdvUlYtVvrmniLQdvqaG6EotYY7dz4w9rtaR3yJnILpsTpKV9Wj7gjabAiUYLhcN-rGx_qGL7HvfaQ-k10ksxAF3oZQ16nphmw50BXJvIDHGqUDkbhe/s400/Car+Audio+Magazine+May+2000+pages+56+and+57+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">Pages 56 and 57</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 12.8px;">Car Audio & Electronics</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 12.8px;">May 2000</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6-dmY8S3UJ14cnBO8GO0ryV9Sfn9MaSdvCxmzxtLA7YKgqbUiE38n_U8SAtf-DuMPFloJ7PAm9-scQUhXMEz1sfCKx4P1jMp4-m64jvcsulyj_VPifOeNLHtoSYldqaiUeeeIpU7ztpO4/s1600/Car+Audio+Magazine+May+2000+page+58+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6-dmY8S3UJ14cnBO8GO0ryV9Sfn9MaSdvCxmzxtLA7YKgqbUiE38n_U8SAtf-DuMPFloJ7PAm9-scQUhXMEz1sfCKx4P1jMp4-m64jvcsulyj_VPifOeNLHtoSYldqaiUeeeIpU7ztpO4/s200/Car+Audio+Magazine+May+2000+page+58+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" width="148" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Page 58<br />
Car Audio & Electronics<br />
May 2000</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMAB_zK5Y1WkRoI8fH-TIXhw9gQvyXhjX0vDM2oxy0R1HYdOeQO9xXuuan3s3VoD39LZ9Cf5oOnymP9YS_xa6IaCGl22tJA0IqWKRvENfpiY-A05B0yom-ARK1OxJkWv7pJ9whhFbwo-9G/s1600/Car+Audio+Magazine+May+2000+page+59+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMAB_zK5Y1WkRoI8fH-TIXhw9gQvyXhjX0vDM2oxy0R1HYdOeQO9xXuuan3s3VoD39LZ9Cf5oOnymP9YS_xa6IaCGl22tJA0IqWKRvENfpiY-A05B0yom-ARK1OxJkWv7pJ9whhFbwo-9G/s200/Car+Audio+Magazine+May+2000+page+59+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" width="146" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">Page 59</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 12.8px;">Car Audio & Electronics</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 12.8px;">May 2000</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">Page 60</span>Car Audio & Electronics <br />
May 2000</td></tr>
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albertoalopezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01993782226348320330noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5773772622008994113.post-48380189763400139442016-05-10T00:57:00.001-04:002017-08-29T10:05:00.598-04:00US Patent 7118400 - Vehicle power system with rotatable main assemblyOne of the most rewarding aspects of being in a creative and synergistic team comes when collaboration takes place and great ideas are born. This article is for the hardcore among you. It is patent US7118400 as created by Nathan Wincek, John Catalano and I while at AAMP of America. Enjoy!<br />
<br />
<br />
<b><span style="color: #674ea7; font-size: large;">Vehicle power system with rotatable main assembly</span></b><br />
<b><span style="color: #674ea7; font-size: large;">US 7118400 B1</span></b><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZDWXDOj8asgt9JnRjqu2R4G1o_fW0o5_9j2XBmoqLv-EbnQ3oITMMAVCXne7q2jPMAdahTfz0oPGqPDw_gINok0U6z8_g8i7MFTXuXRiNIaf_2IEjk0VUww5PLCXPe50RyDfb8HxccJhp/s1600/US07118400+.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><span style="color: #674ea7;"><img alt="" border="0" height="268" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZDWXDOj8asgt9JnRjqu2R4G1o_fW0o5_9j2XBmoqLv-EbnQ3oITMMAVCXne7q2jPMAdahTfz0oPGqPDw_gINok0U6z8_g8i7MFTXuXRiNIaf_2IEjk0VUww5PLCXPe50RyDfb8HxccJhp/s320/US07118400+.jpg" title="Vehicle power system with rotatable main assembly US Patent 7118400 by Alberto A Lopez, Nathan Wincek and John Catalano" width="320" /></span></a><span style="color: #674ea7;"><br /></span><br />
<span style="color: #674ea7;">ABSTRACT</span><br />
<span style="color: #674ea7;">A power system includes power inputs, power outputs and power protection and/or power conditioning adapted between the power inputs and power outputs. In some embodiments, a graphics display is included in the system for displaying graphic images from an external video source. The power system is configurable such that the power inputs appear on the left side and outputs on the right side or the opposite with power inputs on the right side and outputs on the left.</span><br />
<span style="color: #674ea7;"><span style="color: #d9d2e9;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #d9d2e9;">DESCRIPTION</span></span><br />
<span style="color: #674ea7;">BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION</span><br />
<span style="color: #674ea7;"><span style="color: #d9d2e9;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #d9d2e9;">This application is related to U.S. application Ser. No. 11/317,535 titled, “VEHICLE POWER SYSTEM WITH INTEGRATED GRAPHICS DISPLAY,” which was filed on even date herewith; and inventors Alberto A. Lopez, John Catalano and Nathan Wincek. Additionally, this application is related to U.S. application Ser. No. 11/317,539 titled, “VEHICLE POWER SYSTEM WITH WIRE SIZE ADAPTER,” which was filed on even date herewith; and inventors Alberto A. Lopez, John Catalano and Nathan Wincek. Additionally, this application is related to U.S. application Ser. No. 11/317,699 titled, “VEHICLE POWER SYSTEM UTILIZING OVAL WIRE,” which was filed on even date herewith; and inventors Alberto A. Lopez, John Catalano and Nathan Wincek.</span></span><br />
<span style="color: #674ea7;"><span style="color: #d9d2e9;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #d9d2e9;">1. Field of the Invention</span></span><br />
<span style="color: #674ea7;"><span style="color: #d9d2e9;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #d9d2e9;">The present invention relates to the field of conditioning or distributing power and more particularly to an apparatus that provides a power conditioning, distribution and/or fusing in one integrated device that is configurable to allow input wires to enter on either side and output wires to exit on the opposite side.</span></span><br />
<span style="color: #674ea7;"><span style="color: #d9d2e9;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #d9d2e9;">2. Description of the Related Art</span></span><br />
<span style="color: #674ea7;"><span style="color: #d9d2e9;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #d9d2e9;">Automotive accessories are becoming more functional and decorative. High power audio amplifiers, lighting systems, automation systems and even waterfalls have been installed in vehicle doors, passenger compartments and trunks. These devices utilize large amounts of power and put significant loads on the vehicle's power distribution systems. The art has many examples of vehicle power distribution, including U.S. Pat. No. 6,746,279, “Power Distribution System,” to Lopez, which is hereby incorporated by reference. This patent describes a power distribution and fusing system that accepts one or two larger power wires, fuses the power and distributes the power over several smaller gauge wires.</span></span><br />
<span style="color: #674ea7;"><span style="color: #d9d2e9;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #d9d2e9;">Additionally, there is a need for lighting and display. U.S. Pat. No. 6,181,563, “Meter Device for Vehicle,” to Shimbu, et al, describes a vehicle metering and display device and is hereby incorporated by reference. This device has a display for displaying vehicle speed and engine speed, for example. The display is mounted in the passenger compartment and visible to the driver. The device of this patent does not distribute power to other devices. Furthermore, the display is provided for displaying information according to signals from the electronic component units integrated into the device and not enabled to accept external, fully-graphical video sources.</span></span><br />
<span style="color: #674ea7;"><span style="color: #d9d2e9;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #d9d2e9;">Historically, power has been distributed by a single power cable carrying one voltage potential, usually positive, and the frame of the vehicle carrying the other voltage potential, usually negative. The power cables of the prior art are generally heavy gauge, stranded wire of a size suitable for carrying the current required by the load. Standard wire comes in sizes that are numbered based upon its diameter and hence current carrying capacity with the higher numbers used for smaller wire having lower current carrying capacity. For heavy loads, a larger wire size is used. Unfortunately, as more current is required, the wire diameter increases requiring higher-profile connecting devices, causing difficulty in bending and shaping the wire and, when run under carpet, creating bumps and bulges. Oval shape wire has been used in very narrow applications for delivering high-voltage power in the AC power grid. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,171,942 to Wilber F. Powers, issued Dec. 12, 1992, describes a specialized oval wire for overhead high tension lines and is hereby incorporated by reference. This patent describes a very special type of oval power line and does not imply any other use for such oval cable. In another example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,353,177 B1 to Walter W. Young, issued Mar. 5, 2002 describes a cable of oval form, but the core conductor is round and the insulator is oval. This type of power cable has all the issues related to a round cable described above with no advantage for automotive use. The oval design of its insulation improves its wind resistance which is not an issue in automotive applications.</span></span><br />
<span style="color: #674ea7;"><span style="color: #d9d2e9;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #d9d2e9;">Unfortunately, there is a lack of power conditioning, fusing, and/or distribution devices that have power inputs/outputs that can be swapped to allow the inputs to be on one side or the other.</span></span><br />
<span style="color: #674ea7;"><span style="color: #d9d2e9;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #d9d2e9;">What is needed is an apparatus that will provide a power circuit that permits configuration of power input on a first side or on the opposite side and optionally provide a graphics display.</span></span><br />
<span style="color: #674ea7;"><span style="color: #d9d2e9;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #d9d2e9;">SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION</span></span><br />
<span style="color: #674ea7;"><span style="color: #d9d2e9;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #d9d2e9;">An object of the present invention is to provide a power distribution device that allows configurations with power inputs on a first side or on the opposite side with power outputs on the remaining side. In some embodiments, a graphics display is provided for displaying a wide range of colors, patterns and video.</span></span><br />
<span style="color: #674ea7;"><span style="color: #d9d2e9;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #d9d2e9;">In one embodiment, power distribution system with configurable input-output connections is disclosed including an enclosure and a configurable power distribution device removably housed within the enclosure. The configurable power distribution device is adapted to accept power from at least one power input connector and is adapted to deliver the power to at least one power output connector. The at least one power input connector is situated on a first side surface of the configurable power distribution device and the at least one power output connector is situated on a second side surface of the configurable power distribution device. The second side surface of the configurable power distribution device directly opposes the first side surface of the configurable power distribution device and the configurable power distribution device is configurable such that the first side surface of the configurable power distribution device is aligned with a side surface of the enclosure.</span></span><br />
<span style="color: #674ea7;"><span style="color: #d9d2e9;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #d9d2e9;">In another embodiment, a method for distributing power is disclosed including providing a power system with an enclosure and a configurable power distribution device removably housed within the enclosure. The configurable power distribution device adapted to accept power from at least one power input connector and is adapted to deliver the power to at least one power output connector. The at least one power input connector situated on a first side surface of the configurable power distribution device and the at least one power output connector is situated on a second side surface of the configurable power distribution device, the second side surface of the configurable power distribution device directly opposes the first side surface of the configurable power distribution device. The configurable power distribution device is configurable such that the first side surface of the configurable power distribution device is aligned with a side surface of the enclosure. Next, the power distribution device is installed into the enclosure such that the at least one power input connector is positioned towards at least one power input wire and the at least one power output connector is positioned towards at least one power output wire. Next, the at least one power output wire is connected to the at least one power output connector and a set screw associated with each of the at least one power output connectors is tightened. Finally, the at least one power input wire is connected to the at least one power input connector and another set screw associated with each of the at least one power input connectors is tightened.</span></span><br />
<span style="color: #674ea7;"><span style="color: #d9d2e9;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #d9d2e9;">In another embodiment, a power distribution system is disclosed including an enclosure, a graphics display mounted within a display enclosure which is hingedly coupled to the enclosure and a power distribution device housed within the enclosure for accepting power from a power input and for distributing power to a power output. The power input is situated on a side edge of the power distribution device and the power output is situated on an opposite side edge. The enclosure is adapted to permit the installation of the power distribution device in a first configuration having the power inputs on a left side of the enclosure and to permit the installation in a second configuration having the power input on the right side of the enclosure.</span></span><br />
<span style="color: #674ea7;"><span style="color: #d9d2e9;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #d9d2e9;">BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS</span></span><br />
<span style="color: #674ea7;">The invention can be best understood by those having ordinary skill in the art by reference to the following detailed description when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:</span><br />
<span style="color: #674ea7;">FIG. 1 illustrates a perspective view of the apparatus of the present invention.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-1JNOlbnWxsL_EQzs98XNZr50baRqKXlsPsWM1k2NKtnqxfNOOm-0NZjbA7eX1iXqfDyoiM6Kc6hpbhDrRqXXb-INcZDb_3nyz1M9tC3XOiksEvkqh1N7nZC6kELllEngy-IKqAYrA-Zl/s1600/US07118400-Figure+1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: #674ea7;"><img alt="" border="0" height="274" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-1JNOlbnWxsL_EQzs98XNZr50baRqKXlsPsWM1k2NKtnqxfNOOm-0NZjbA7eX1iXqfDyoiM6Kc6hpbhDrRqXXb-INcZDb_3nyz1M9tC3XOiksEvkqh1N7nZC6kELllEngy-IKqAYrA-Zl/s320/US07118400-Figure+1.jpg" title="Figure 1 in Vehicle power system with rotatable main assembly US Patent 7118400 by Alberto A Lopez, Nathan Wincek and John Catalano" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<span style="color: #674ea7;"><span style="color: #d9d2e9;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #d9d2e9;">FIG. 2 illustrates a right-side perspective view of the present invention.</span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiD3adtsVzbL-7dVZ-1Kj2d6KHdmqHT3GTcTF7Z_baLUfVVA3gdSp8H3tJsOGIpPz38qkdfUJB3blmwEd7tf_2bVMY0pxw0uIxQ3QWCKqGM6m1RemzSNU1H26x9Dz4kn1QtWPpWCbvR5CfX/s1600/US07118400-Figure+2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: #674ea7;"><img alt="" border="0" height="265" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiD3adtsVzbL-7dVZ-1Kj2d6KHdmqHT3GTcTF7Z_baLUfVVA3gdSp8H3tJsOGIpPz38qkdfUJB3blmwEd7tf_2bVMY0pxw0uIxQ3QWCKqGM6m1RemzSNU1H26x9Dz4kn1QtWPpWCbvR5CfX/s320/US07118400-Figure+2.jpg" title="Figure 2 in Vehicle power system with rotatable main assembly US Patent 7118400 by Alberto A Lopez, Nathan Wincek and John Catalano" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<span style="color: #674ea7;"><span style="color: #d9d2e9;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #d9d2e9;">FIG. 3 illustrates a left-side perspective view of the present invention.</span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGslywEL9k9jIpedSZ2kc4VeLJIfsCtFDNQS5XiZOc5Tbv_etcO54O-lEg7jnqDyj1qelaYyprx3Gzi8Xcjb4SMj68xxnmxZAZri6lQzL1hy4_s0rS-vieCWsbdVx8Rtsdan4NmKt7nrqc/s1600/US07118400-Figure+3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: #674ea7;"><img alt="" border="0" height="281" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGslywEL9k9jIpedSZ2kc4VeLJIfsCtFDNQS5XiZOc5Tbv_etcO54O-lEg7jnqDyj1qelaYyprx3Gzi8Xcjb4SMj68xxnmxZAZri6lQzL1hy4_s0rS-vieCWsbdVx8Rtsdan4NmKt7nrqc/s320/US07118400-Figure+3.jpg" title="Figure 3 in Vehicle power system with rotatable main assembly US Patent 7118400 by Alberto A Lopez, Nathan Wincek and John Catalano" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<span style="color: #674ea7;"><span style="color: #d9d2e9;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #d9d2e9;">FIG. 4 illustrates an exploded view of the present invention.</span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMh4v6VOf0FkXB5ROCk9aBPpDamTrGj9ppwzq3xXKDCjkFPtNPI3dYO9UjZSoXX-7XHyOAAkRb3gsJomUfCyev2G7XvE9nOIoKJlftJPpd7aTumf3-qngsRo3tf1N6V2hKHnbq1dHO1kFC/s1600/US07118400-Figure+4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: #674ea7;"><img alt="" border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMh4v6VOf0FkXB5ROCk9aBPpDamTrGj9ppwzq3xXKDCjkFPtNPI3dYO9UjZSoXX-7XHyOAAkRb3gsJomUfCyev2G7XvE9nOIoKJlftJPpd7aTumf3-qngsRo3tf1N6V2hKHnbq1dHO1kFC/s320/US07118400-Figure+4.jpg" title="Figure 4 in Vehicle power system with rotatable main assembly US Patent 7118400 by Alberto A Lopez, Nathan Wincek and John Catalano" width="212" /></span></a></div>
<span style="color: #674ea7;"><span style="color: #d9d2e9;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #d9d2e9;">FIG. 5 illustrates a perspective view of the apparatus of the present invention configured for opposite connections to that of FIG. 1.</span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTNdPkDYpLGgk1M4ee1ncxI_MeXgCX_c1haHWwTfsDZQYFk15RKixfF0LcUra9c9AV651kLcMLPAwdJ53Ks3yjglEB2ckLYGOylmaYpuknzzEcgupjj9rhAlEdBh8T6e6Qay8NADjshjhk/s1600/US07118400-Figure+5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: #674ea7;"><img alt="" border="0" height="286" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTNdPkDYpLGgk1M4ee1ncxI_MeXgCX_c1haHWwTfsDZQYFk15RKixfF0LcUra9c9AV651kLcMLPAwdJ53Ks3yjglEB2ckLYGOylmaYpuknzzEcgupjj9rhAlEdBh8T6e6Qay8NADjshjhk/s320/US07118400-Figure+5.jpg" title="Figure 5 in Vehicle power system with rotatable main assembly US Patent 7118400 by Alberto A Lopez, Nathan Wincek and John Catalano" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<span style="color: #674ea7;"><span style="color: #d9d2e9;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #d9d2e9;">FIG. 6 illustrates a schematic diagram of the common electronics of the present invention.</span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-VMQPmH1xY66S3DqLkQKjZ1qjzxPkD74DxJUc1jsgUIiAdorJ1S2dH5V5dIhGY09svP-JJUZEti9BMo7_Mx82X7dzPIHJ15578Ir4BA-Hbo1BOHHMneJJZu_tCZh9jm7ZBrhwg_VWvk45/s1600/US07118400-Figure+6.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: #674ea7;"><img alt="" border="0" height="299" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-VMQPmH1xY66S3DqLkQKjZ1qjzxPkD74DxJUc1jsgUIiAdorJ1S2dH5V5dIhGY09svP-JJUZEti9BMo7_Mx82X7dzPIHJ15578Ir4BA-Hbo1BOHHMneJJZu_tCZh9jm7ZBrhwg_VWvk45/s320/US07118400-Figure+6.jpg" title="Figure 6 in Vehicle power system with rotatable main assembly US Patent 7118400 by Alberto A Lopez, Nathan Wincek and John Catalano" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<span style="color: #674ea7;"><span style="color: #d9d2e9;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #d9d2e9;">FIG. 7 illustrates a schematic diagram of a fused distribution option of the present invention.</span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggWOYj3bp3FrZteSSAUpe8UvFtaRKxTmlqeM_hK8WCD0Xr0UzMsWiFJpNP1nsLlEqwZpXCI1oBgbK4PneMIHR9P9U6JZ_p6k0cCf8MUM-yXcikK5c9-0xBApYVtSWc-J_tlkVkvo0NPuII/s1600/US07118400-Figure+7.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: #674ea7;"><img alt="" border="0" height="187" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggWOYj3bp3FrZteSSAUpe8UvFtaRKxTmlqeM_hK8WCD0Xr0UzMsWiFJpNP1nsLlEqwZpXCI1oBgbK4PneMIHR9P9U6JZ_p6k0cCf8MUM-yXcikK5c9-0xBApYVtSWc-J_tlkVkvo0NPuII/s320/US07118400-Figure+7.jpg" title="Figure 7 in Vehicle power system with rotatable main assembly US Patent 7118400 by Alberto A Lopez, Nathan Wincek and John Catalano" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<span style="color: #674ea7;"><span style="color: #d9d2e9;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #d9d2e9;">FIG. 8 illustrates a schematic diagram of a distribution block option of the present invention.</span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg28s24IedDsGxViAy2-W65GVaB92c3sq6u1_mttkFzMt-EcHWHYxByYmTpuzdLNlSaXdsQkI4FmVW1N42cMjCoZCgNCCpff62gcT_9FzoMHjP-mhyR2KeSkWQh6wtqEQcXb9wkuuMDShDZ/s1600/US07118400-Figure+8.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: #674ea7;"><img alt="" border="0" height="190" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg28s24IedDsGxViAy2-W65GVaB92c3sq6u1_mttkFzMt-EcHWHYxByYmTpuzdLNlSaXdsQkI4FmVW1N42cMjCoZCgNCCpff62gcT_9FzoMHjP-mhyR2KeSkWQh6wtqEQcXb9wkuuMDShDZ/s320/US07118400-Figure+8.jpg" title="Figure 8 in Vehicle power system with rotatable main assembly US Patent 7118400 by Alberto A Lopez, Nathan Wincek and John Catalano" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<span style="color: #674ea7;"><span style="color: #d9d2e9;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #d9d2e9;">FIG. 9 illustrates a schematic diagram of a high capacity capacitor option of the present invention.</span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwNDuqctDMTaYZ7BtFeb6gjNheN1cr0QSeFFcfcAb1w3nEhqQTI6rYffA8lNO1O8eEXApU9kNXwJ3XTlbJimDRmF1FHOp9XRxbkOLL6xWadt77joKnpzHjuo1uaVjF6QI8GI5E7RwZFxT7/s1600/US07118400-Figure+9.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: #674ea7;"><img alt="" border="0" height="201" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwNDuqctDMTaYZ7BtFeb6gjNheN1cr0QSeFFcfcAb1w3nEhqQTI6rYffA8lNO1O8eEXApU9kNXwJ3XTlbJimDRmF1FHOp9XRxbkOLL6xWadt77joKnpzHjuo1uaVjF6QI8GI5E7RwZFxT7/s320/US07118400-Figure+9.jpg" title="Figure 9 in Vehicle power system with rotatable main assembly US Patent 7118400 by Alberto A Lopez, Nathan Wincek and John Catalano" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<span style="color: #674ea7;"><span style="color: #d9d2e9;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #d9d2e9;">FIG. 10 illustrates a schematic diagram of a power conditioning circuit option of the present invention.</span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDf6NjZ4Hqb8oReArv2KkmsqhnZ-Pl0P19DCe0_i8E6BLLctGtTh1pa6GHSNwWi3z05SfNh3idxXUGS94Zt6yBKVw90Wpl-COscdLEn9V4a1nAtVG4PnXLyLZlPgz5PiLSkr_Udf8bBZHM/s1600/US07118400-Figure+10.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: #674ea7;"><img alt="" border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDf6NjZ4Hqb8oReArv2KkmsqhnZ-Pl0P19DCe0_i8E6BLLctGtTh1pa6GHSNwWi3z05SfNh3idxXUGS94Zt6yBKVw90Wpl-COscdLEn9V4a1nAtVG4PnXLyLZlPgz5PiLSkr_Udf8bBZHM/s320/US07118400-Figure+10.jpg" title="Figure 10 in Vehicle power system with rotatable main assembly US Patent 7118400 by Alberto A Lopez, Nathan Wincek and John Catalano" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<span style="color: #674ea7;"><span style="color: #d9d2e9;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #d9d2e9;">FIG. 11 a illustrates a power cable and a power distribution box of the prior art.</span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjM3fMjBfjT-vh3DKUDSVK0oHyGf5Iu04ztqFUu7Pmzd81CZOgTF6YpidFHMpTsDdGGm6r9tQjPBhrXLRAU9FgwOlKRh8qRKrkDkbSuCZbRHs1q7ED4f5LueHJB-dAsAJTrtQdQpgl_QAZd/s1600/US07118400-Figure+11a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: #674ea7;"><img alt="" border="0" height="236" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjM3fMjBfjT-vh3DKUDSVK0oHyGf5Iu04ztqFUu7Pmzd81CZOgTF6YpidFHMpTsDdGGm6r9tQjPBhrXLRAU9FgwOlKRh8qRKrkDkbSuCZbRHs1q7ED4f5LueHJB-dAsAJTrtQdQpgl_QAZd/s320/US07118400-Figure+11a.jpg" title="Figure 11a in Vehicle power system with rotatable main assembly US Patent 7118400 by Alberto A Lopez, Nathan Wincek and John Catalano" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<span style="color: #674ea7;"><span style="color: #d9d2e9;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #d9d2e9;">FIG. 11 b illustrates a power cable and a power distribution box of the present invention.</span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigocvLX-cElsOr_HOHAGqdZ2QKw3g-nw4ng-e5OU9hCKnG4J1h3r83a9nyAmhyphenhypheny1KH5UypHsaJmk8wkzCMJqeYalJhLPd3g20nq4UpoRFytH0MYJ7OGw4dsv6Sq8NCVZxguCEuQfscskY3/s1600/US07118400-Figure+11b.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: #674ea7;"><img alt="" border="0" height="219" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigocvLX-cElsOr_HOHAGqdZ2QKw3g-nw4ng-e5OU9hCKnG4J1h3r83a9nyAmhyphenhypheny1KH5UypHsaJmk8wkzCMJqeYalJhLPd3g20nq4UpoRFytH0MYJ7OGw4dsv6Sq8NCVZxguCEuQfscskY3/s320/US07118400-Figure+11b.jpg" title="Figure 11b in Vehicle power system with rotatable main assembly US Patent 7118400 by Alberto A Lopez, Nathan Wincek and John Catalano" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<span style="color: #674ea7;"><span style="color: #d9d2e9;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #d9d2e9;">FIG. 12 illustrates a cable size adapter of the present invention.</span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicgnyopHsQwPA1Y3X-hBzQClSrv1ae_1gQNCHCsSeQMwE_bMmIx3aGDyRobHtOuVzc221FFNU28rL5jAjkmhKpvnIDa-E0BxTzOgZuGfEyoW5DeVDl-SfWiep7sAbX_W3WKJ6dFkgcL6x8/s1600/US07118400-Figure+12.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: #674ea7;"><img alt="" border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicgnyopHsQwPA1Y3X-hBzQClSrv1ae_1gQNCHCsSeQMwE_bMmIx3aGDyRobHtOuVzc221FFNU28rL5jAjkmhKpvnIDa-E0BxTzOgZuGfEyoW5DeVDl-SfWiep7sAbX_W3WKJ6dFkgcL6x8/s320/US07118400-Figure+12.jpg" title="Figure 12 in Vehicle power system with rotatable main assembly US Patent 7118400 by Alberto A Lopez, Nathan Wincek and John Catalano" width="267" /></span></a></div>
<span style="color: #674ea7;"><span style="color: #d9d2e9;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #d9d2e9;">DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION</span></span><br />
<span style="color: #674ea7;">Reference will now be made in detail to the presently preferred embodiments of the invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Throughout the following detailed description, the same reference numerals refer to the same elements in all figures. In the description of the device for distributing power of the present invention, the perspective views include a display and a power option having two power inputs, a plurality of fuses and four power outputs. This is an example of one possible configuration, whereas any number of inputs and outputs as well as several different power options are described later and can be installed into the same housing. The graphics display is multipurpose, in that it is useful for displaying video such as a video stream from a DVD player and text as well as emitting a wide range of colors and patterns, providing both aesthetic as well as safety features.</span><br />
<span style="color: #674ea7;">Referring to FIG. 1, a perspective view of the apparatus of the present invention is shown. The power distribution system 5includes an outer case 10 with a display (not visible) housed within a display housing 100. The power distribution system 5has a rotatable and exchangeable power distribution device allowing configuration with various power options that can be oriented so that power enters on the left side and exits on the right side or visa-versa, providing flexibility in the viewing direction of the display. The power distribution system 5 in this embodiment has two power inputs 20/22 connected through a power input connector, in this embodiment, a terminal block 23 and physically/electrically held by set screws 24. The terminal block is sized to accept a specific size of wire. In some embodiments, the wire is oval or elliptical so that it lies flat when routed through a vehicle, especially under carpet, bends easy and so that the power distribution system can be designed to have a lower profile than if round wire is used. The inputs 20/22 are connected to a first terminal 42 of the fuses40/44. In this embodiment, two types of fuses are installed 40/44 but in some embodiments, only one type of fuse is installed providing flexibility in protection for each output 30/32/34/36 in that a first type of fuse has current ranges up to 40 amps, while another type fuse has current ranges up to 750 amps. The second terminal 42 of the fuses 40/44 is connected to a power output connector, in this embodiment, a second terminal block 27 for connection to the output power cables30/32/34/36, held electrically/physically with set screws 26.</span><br />
<span style="color: #674ea7;">Referring to FIG. 2, a right-side perspective view of the present invention is shown. The case 10 has a side cut-out that is filled with a surface 39 of the power distribution module and has four openings 31/33/35/37 configured to accept four output power cables (30/32/34/36 from FIG. 1). The display housing 100 is shown slightly tilted. In this embodiment, the display is rotatably coupled to the outer case 10 allowing adjustment to its angles.</span><br />
<span style="color: #674ea7;">Referring to FIG. 3, a left-side perspective view of the present invention is shown. The outer case 10 has a side cut-out that is filled with a surface 39 of the power distribution module and has two openings 19/21 configured to accept two input power cables (20/22 from FIG. 1). The display housing 100 is shown slightly tilted and the display 102 is visible. The display 102 is of any flat panel display technology known in the industry, including but not limited to plasma, liquid crystal display (LCD), etc. In this embodiment, a video input connector 104 is provided for providing a video source to the display 102. In some embodiments, display content is generated internally, providing varying colors, patterns and lighting effects.</span><br />
<span style="color: #674ea7;">Referring to FIG. 4, an exploded view of the present invention is shown. The power distribution system 5 includes an outer case 10 with a display 102 housed within a display housing 100 that is hingedly connected to the outer case 10. The power distribution system 5 has rotatable and exchangeable power distribution devices configurable with various power options that can be oriented so that power enters on the left side and exits on the right side or visa-versa, providing flexibility in the viewing direction of the display. The power distribution system 5 in this embodiment has two power input connectors which are, in this embodiment, a terminal block 23. The input power wires are physically and electrically held by set screws 24. The inputs are connected to a first terminal 42 of the fuses 40/44. In this embodiment, two types of fuses are installed40/44, In some embodiments, only one type of fuse 40 or the other 44 is installed providing flexibility in protection for each output. The second terminal 42 of the fuses 40/44 is connected to a second power output connector, in this embodiment, a terminal block 27 for connection to the output power wires (30/32/34/36 in FIG. 1), held electrically and physically with set screws 26. The power distribution module 39 has a modular housing 76 that is symmetrical so that the power distribution module 39 is adaptable to be mounted within the outer case 10 in one orientation or in another opposite orientation, rotated 180 degrees horizontally. Wire guides 79 guide the two power input wires (20/22) into the terminal block 23 and wire guides78 guide the power output wires (30/32/34/36) into the output terminal block 27. A circuit board 70 provides power and video distribution to the display 102 and holds the video input connector 104. In some embodiments, a graphics display controller (see FIG. 6) is mounted on the circuit board 70. A bottom cover 72 protects the circuit board and holds the power distribution module 39 within the outer case 10.</span><br />
<span style="color: #674ea7;">Referring to FIG. 5, a perspective view of the apparatus of the present invention configured for opposite connections to that of FIG. 1 is shown. The power distribution system 5 includes an outer case 10 with a display (not visible) housed within a display housing 100. The power distribution system 5 has a rotatable and exchangeable power distribution device configurable with various power options that can be oriented so that power enters on the left side and exits on the right side or visa-versa, providing flexibility in the direction of the display. The power distribution system 5 in this embodiment has four power outputs 30/32/34/36 connected through a power output connector, in this embodiment a terminal block 27. The power output wires 30/32/34/36 are physically and electrically held by set screws 26. The outputs 30/32/34/36 are connected to a first terminal 42 of the fuses 40/44. In this embodiment, two types of fuses are installed 40/44 but in some embodiments, only one type of fuse 40 or the other 44 is installed providing flexibility in protection for each output 30/32/34/36. The second terminal 42 of the fuses 40/44 is connected to a power input connector, in this embodiment a terminal block 23 for connection to the input power wires 20/22. The input power wires 20/22 are electrically and physically coupled with set screws 24.</span><br />
<span style="color: #674ea7;">Referring to FIG. 6, a schematic diagram of the common electronics of the present invention is shown. In this embodiment, two DC inputs 20/22 enter the power distribution device or modular power circuit 115. In other embodiments, one, three, four or any number of DC inputs is present. The content and function of the power distribution device 115 will be described in the description of FIGS. 7–10. Generally, the power distribution device 115 is a device that accepts power from a power source and distributes the power to one or more power outputs. In some embodiments, the power distribution device 115 provides protection by way of fuses or surge suppressors or provides power conditioning.</span><br />
<span style="color: #674ea7;">Also in this embodiment, four DC outputs 30/32/34/36 exit the power distribution device 115. In other embodiments, one, two, three or any number of outputs exits the power distribution device 115. A connection to one of the DC inputs 22 is made to derive power for the internal electronics, indicators and displays. In some embodiments, the power passes through a fuse 110 to protect from an overload in the internal electronics and display. In the present embodiment, the input video signal 105 from the video input connector 104 is routed to a graphics display controller 112 which accepts a video signal from the video connector 104 such as NTSC, RGB, S-video, composite video, SECAM, PAL and the like, decodes the signal and generated signals required by the video display 102, for example, LVDS (Low Voltage Differential Signal) and parallel. The display is preferably a liquid crystal display (LCD), but can be any flat panel display including Plasma.</span><br />
<span style="color: #674ea7;">In some embodiments, the graphics display controller 112 generates colors and patterns on the video display 102independently of the video input 105. In these embodiments, there is a user interface (not shown) consisting of an input device such as a keyboard or keyboard and mouse (not shown), configured to accept commands from a user to set up the display colors, patterns and sequences.</span><br />
<span style="color: #674ea7;">Referring to FIG. 7, a schematic diagram of a fused distribution option 120 of the present invention is shown. The circuit shown includes two DC inputs 20/22 connected to four DC outputs 30/32/34/36 by fuses 40/44. Note that in some embodiments more than one type of fuse receptacle is deployed in parallel providing flexibility in fuse selection and current handling. By installing more than one type of fuse in parallel, the current handling capacity is increased.</span><br />
<span style="color: #674ea7;">Referring to FIG. 8, a schematic diagram of a distribution block option 130 of the present invention is shown. The circuit includes two DC inputs 20/22 directly connected to four DC outputs 30/32/34/36 through wiring paths 132.</span><br />
<span style="color: #674ea7;">Referring to FIG. 9, a schematic diagram of a high capacity capacitor option 140 of the present invention is shown. The circuit includes a DC input 20 directly connected to two DC outputs 30/32 with a capacitor 142 between the DC input 20and ground 146. The capacitor 142 is, for example, a high-capacity electrolytic or super capacitor. The value of the capacitor is, for example, 10–30 farads at 15 volts.</span><br />
<span style="color: #674ea7;">Referring to FIG. 10 illustrates a schematic diagram of a power conditioning circuit option 150 of the present invention. The circuit includes a DC input 20 that is conditioned with a power conditioning circuit 152 before passing to two DC outputs30/32. The power conditioning circuit 152 is also connected to a ground 156. In some embodiments, the power conditioning circuit 152 includes circuitry to regenerate the standard 12V output by switching the DC input voltage at a high frequency into a transformer (e.g., a torroid transformer), then regulating and filtering the output of the transformer to conform to the required 12V output, thereby eliminating any voltage fluctuations and noise created by the vehicle's engine or high current devices such as starter motors, lights, power seats and the like.</span><br />
<span style="color: #674ea7;">Referring to FIG. 11 a, a wire or power cable and power distribution system of the prior art is shown. The power cable 112 is substantially round or tubular and has a central conductor 111 and an insulator 113. The power distribution system 9 of the prior art has a round receptacle 109 for accepting the power cable 112. The height, h, of the power distribution system 109must be greater than the diameter, d, of the power cable 112.</span><br />
<span style="color: #674ea7;">Referring to FIG. 11 b, a wire or power cable and power distribution system of the present invention is shown. The power cable 120 is substantially oval or elliptical and has a central conductor 121 that is also substantially oval or elliptical and an insulator 123 that is also substantially oval or elliptical. The power distribution system 10 of the present invention has an oval or elliptical receptacle 107 for accepting the power cable 120. The height, h′ of the power distribution system 10 is greater than the diameter, d′, of the power cable 120, but since the diameter d′ of the elliptical cable 120 is smaller than the diameter d of the round cable 112, it is possible for the height h′ of the power distribution system of the present invention to be less than the height h of the power distribution system of the prior art, providing a much lower profile power distribution system that looks better and fits better in tight compartments.</span><br />
<span style="color: #674ea7;">Referring now to FIG. 12, a cable size adapter of the present invention is shown. The power distribution system 10 has openings and terminal blocks 107 that are sized to accept one size of wire 120. The insulation 123 of the wire 120 is stripped, exposing the oval conductor 121 which is then inserted into the power distribution terminal block 10 into the oval opening 107 where it is held in place by a set screw (shown in FIGS. 1, 4 and 5). The size of the opening 107 and terminal block are adapted to one specific size of wire. If a smaller wire 130 is used without an adapter 135, the set screw would not properly hold the wire in place and proper conduction would not be achieved. Instead, the smaller wire 130 has its insulation133 stripped exposing its smaller oval conductor 131 and the exposed oval conductor 131 is inserted into a cable size adapter 135 and the smaller wire 130 and cable size adapter 135 are then inserted into the opening 107 and fastened with a set screw. In some embodiments, the cable size adapter 135 has a hole 137 sized to allow the set screw to pass through the cable size adapter 135 and apply pressure directly to the conductor 131. The adapter 135 is made from a conductive material, preferably copper or brass. In some embodiments, the adapter 135 is plated with another conductive metal such as nickel, brass, gold or silver.</span><br />
<span style="color: #674ea7;">Equivalent elements can be substituted for the ones set forth above such that they perform in substantially the same manner in substantially the same way for achieving substantially the same result.</span><br />
<span style="color: #674ea7;">It is believed that the system and method of the present invention and many of its attendant advantages will be understood by the foregoing description. It is also believed that it will be apparent that various changes may be made in the form, construction and arrangement of the components thereof without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention or without sacrificing all of its material advantages. The form herein before described being merely exemplary and explanatory embodiment thereof. It is the intention of the following claims to encompass and include such changes.</span><br />
<span style="color: #674ea7;"><span style="color: #d9d2e9;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #d9d2e9;">CLAIMS(20)</span></span><br />
<span style="color: #674ea7;">1. A power distribution system with configurable input-output connections, the power system comprising:</span><br />
<span style="color: #674ea7;">an enclosure; and</span><br />
<span style="color: #674ea7;">a configurable power distribution device removably housed within the enclosure, the configurable power distribution device adapted to accept power from at least one power input connector and the configurable power distribution device adapted to deliver the power to at least one power output connector,</span><br />
<span style="color: #674ea7;">a graphics display hingedly mounted to the enclosure wherein the graphics display is controlled by a graphics display controller;</span><br />
<span style="color: #674ea7;">wherein the at least one power input connector is situated on a first side surface of the configurable power distribution device, and the at least one power output connector is situated on a second side surface of the configurable power distribution device, the second side surface of the configurable power distribution device directly opposing the first side surface of the configurable power distribution device, and</span><br />
<span style="color: #674ea7;">whereas the configurable power distribution device is configurable such that the first side surface of the configurable power distribution device is aligned with one of a first side surface of the enclosure and a second side surface of the enclosure.</span><br />
<span style="color: #674ea7;">2. The power system of claim 1, wherein the configurable power distribution device passes the power from the at least one power input connector through at least one fuse to the at least one power output connector.</span><br />
<span style="color: #674ea7;">3. The power system of claim 1, wherein the configurable power distribution device passes the power from the at least one power input connector to the at least one power output connector and at least one capacitor is coupled between the at least one power input connector and a ground potential.</span><br />
<span style="color: #674ea7;">4. The power system of claim 1, wherein the configurable power distribution device passes the power from the at least one power input connector through a power conditioning circuit to the at least one power output connector.</span><br />
<span style="color: #674ea7;">5. The power system of claim 1, wherein the graphics display controller is connected to a video input connector mounted on the periphery of the enclosure.</span><br />
<span style="color: #674ea7;">6. The power system of claim 1, wherein the the graphics display controller generates colors and patterns for display on the graphics display.</span><br />
<span style="color: #674ea7;">7. The power system with display of claim 1, wherein the power distribution device is adapted to be installed in a first configuration and in a second configuration, in the first configuration the at least one power input connector situated on the first side surface of the enclosure and in the second configuration the at least one power input connector situated on the second side surface of the enclosure.</span><br />
<span style="color: #674ea7;">8. A method for distributing power comprising:</span><br />
<span style="color: #674ea7;">providing a power system, the power system:</span><br />
<span style="color: #674ea7;">an enclosure; and</span><br />
<span style="color: #674ea7;">a configurable power distribution device removably housed within the enclosure, the configurable power distribution device adapted to accept power from at least one power input connector and the configurable power distribution device adapted to deliver the power to at least one power output connector,</span><br />
<span style="color: #674ea7;">a graphics display hingedly mounted to the enclosure, the graphics display controlled by a graphics display controller;</span><br />
<span style="color: #674ea7;">wherein the at least one power input connector situated on a first side surface of the configurable power distribution device, the at least one power output connector is situated on a second side surface of the configurable power distribution device, the second side surface of the configurable power distribution device directly opposes the first side surface of the configurable power distribution device, and whereas the configurable power distribution device is configurable such that the first side surface of the configurable power distribution device is aligned with a sides surface of the enclosure,</span><br />
<span style="color: #674ea7;">installing the power distribution device into the enclosure such that the at least one power input connector is positioned towards at least one power input wire and the at least one power output connector is positioned towards at least one power output wire;</span><br />
<span style="color: #674ea7;">inserting the at least one power output wire to the at least one power output connector and tightening a set screw associated with each of the at least one power output connectors; and</span><br />
<span style="color: #674ea7;">connecting the at least one power input wire to the at least one power input connector and tightening another set screw associated with each of the at least one power input connectors.</span><br />
<span style="color: #674ea7;">9. The method claim 8, wherein the power distribution device passes the power from the at least one power input connector through at least one fuse to the at least one power output connector.</span><br />
<span style="color: #674ea7;">10. The method claim 8, wherein the power distribution device passes the power from the at least one power input connector to the at least one power output connector and at least one capacitor is coupled between the at least one power input connector and a ground potential.</span><br />
<span style="color: #674ea7;">11. The method claim 8, wherein the power distribution device passes the power from the at least one power input connector through a power conditioning circuit to the at least one power output connector.</span><br />
<span style="color: #674ea7;">12. The method claim 8, wherein the graphics display controller is connected to a video input connector mounted on the periphery of the enclosure.</span><br />
<span style="color: #674ea7;">13. The method claim 8, wherein the graphics display controller generates colors and patterns for display on the graphics display.</span><br />
<span style="color: #674ea7;">14. The method claim 8, wherein the power distribution device is adapted to be installed in a first configuration and in a second configuration, in the first configuration the at least one power input connector appearing on a first side of the enclosure and in the second configuration the at least one power input connector appearing on an opposite side of the enclosure.</span><br />
<span style="color: #674ea7;">15. An power distribution system comprising:</span><br />
<span style="color: #674ea7;">an enclosure means;</span><br />
<span style="color: #674ea7;">a means to display graphic images mounted within a display enclosure, the display enclosure hingedly coupled to the enclosure means; and</span><br />
<span style="color: #674ea7;">a means to distribute power housed within the enclosure means, the means to distribute power adapted to accept power from a means to input power and the means to distribute power adapted to deliver the power to a means to output power,</span><br />
<span style="color: #674ea7;">the means to input power situated on a side edge of the means to distribute power and the means to output power situated on an opposite side edge of the means to distribute power, the enclosure means adapted to permit the installation of the means to distribute power in a first configuration having the means to input power on a left side of the enclosure means and to permit the installation of the means to distribute power in a second configurations having the means to input power on a right side of the enclosure means.</span><br />
<span style="color: #674ea7;">16. The power system with display of claim 15, wherein the means to distribute power passes the power from the means to input power through at least one fuse means to the means to output power.</span><br />
<span style="color: #674ea7;">17. The power system with display of claim 15, wherein the means to distribute power passes the power from the means to input power to the means to output power and at least one capacitor is coupled between the means to input power and a ground potential.</span><br />
<span style="color: #674ea7;">18. The power system with display of claim 15, wherein the means to distribute power passes the power from the means to input power through a power conditioning circuit to the means to output power.</span><br />
<span style="color: #674ea7;">19. The power system with display of claim 15, wherein the means to display graphic images is controlled by a graphics display controller means and the graphics display controller means is connected to a video input means mounted on the periphery of the enclosure.</span><br />
<span style="color: #674ea7;">20. The power system with display of claim 15, wherein the means to display graphic images is controlled by a graphics display controller means and the graphics display controller means generates colors and patterns for display on the means to display graphic images.</span><br />
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<div>
<div class="patent-section patent-abstract-section" style="margin-top: 20px; padding-bottom: 2em;">
<div class="patent-text" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 16pt;">
<abstract lang="EN" load-source="patent-office" mxw-id="PA51050756"></abstract><br />
<div class="abstract" num="p-0001" style="margin: 1em 0px;">
<div class="patent-text" style="font-size: 10pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 16pt;">
<div class="description" lang="EN" load-source="patent-office" mxw-id="PDES16119037">
<div class="patent-text" style="font-size: 10pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 16pt;">
<div class="claims" lang="EN" load-source="patent-office" mxw-id="PCLM9096493">
<div class="claim-dependent" style="margin-left: 4em;">
<div class="claim" id="CLM-00020" num="00020">
<div class="claim-text" style="background-color: black; border-bottom-color: rgb(153, 153, 153); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 4px; margin: 1em 0px; padding-bottom: 2em;">
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;"></span><br />
<div class="patent-section patent-tabular-section" style="clear: both; font-size: 13.28px; line-height: normal; margin-top: 20px;">
<div class="patent-section-header" style="margin-bottom: 1em; text-align: left;">
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;"><span class="patent-section-title" style="font-family: "gill sans" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: bold; line-height: 16pt; text-transform: uppercase;">PATENT CITATIONS</span></span></div>
<table class="patent-data-table" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(209, 209, 209); border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; border-style: none none solid; margin: 10px 0px 0px 18px; text-align: left;"><thead class="patent-data-table-thead" style="font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: bold; white-space: nowrap;">
<tr class="patent-data-table" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(209, 209, 209); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 18px; margin-top: 10px;"><th class="patent-data-table-th" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(209, 209, 209); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 2px; padding-right: 25px;">Cited Patent</th><th class="patent-data-table-th" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(209, 209, 209); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 2px; padding-right: 25px;">Filing date</th><th class="patent-data-table-th" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(209, 209, 209); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 2px; padding-right: 25px;">Publication date</th><th class="patent-data-table-th" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(209, 209, 209); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 2px; padding-right: 25px;">Applicant</th><th class="patent-data-table-th" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(209, 209, 209); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 2px; padding-right: 25px;">Title</th></tr>
</thead><tbody>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(236, 236, 236); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://www.google.com/patents/US5504655" style="text-decoration: none;">US5504655</a></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(236, 236, 236); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;">Jun 10, 1994</td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(236, 236, 236); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;">Apr 2, 1996</td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom-color: rgb(236, 236, 236); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;">Westinghouse Electric Corp.</td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom-color: rgb(236, 236, 236); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;">Electric vehicle power distribution module</td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(236, 236, 236); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://www.google.com/patents/US6004159" style="text-decoration: none;">US6004159</a><span aria-label="Cited by examiner" class="patent-tooltip-anchor" data-tooltip-text="Cited by examiner" data-tooltip="Cited by examiner" style="cursor: default;"> *</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(236, 236, 236); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;">Aug 20, 1998</td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(236, 236, 236); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;">Dec 21, 1999</td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom-color: rgb(236, 236, 236); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;">Liang; Shih-Tsung</td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom-color: rgb(236, 236, 236); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;">Fuse box and fuse holder arrangement</td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(236, 236, 236); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://www.google.com/patents/US6608399" style="text-decoration: none;">US6608399</a></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(236, 236, 236); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;">Apr 3, 2001</td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(236, 236, 236); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;">Aug 19, 2003</td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom-color: rgb(236, 236, 236); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;">Lear Corporation</td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom-color: rgb(236, 236, 236); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;">Vehicle universal docking station and electronic feature modules</td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(236, 236, 236); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://www.google.com/patents/US20040080211" style="text-decoration: none;">US20040080211</a></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(236, 236, 236); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;">Oct 25, 2002</td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(236, 236, 236); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;">Apr 29, 2004</td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom-color: rgb(236, 236, 236); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;">Pavlacka Myron F.</td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom-color: rgb(236, 236, 236); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;">Cable management system and protective cover for a remote power supply</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="patent-section-footer" style="margin-left: 18px; text-align: left;">
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">* Cited by examiner</span></div>
</div>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">
</span>
<div class="patent-section patent-tabular-section" style="clear: both; font-size: 13.28px; line-height: normal; margin-top: 20px;">
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" id="forward-citations"></a><br /></span>
<div class="patent-section-header" style="margin-bottom: 1em; text-align: left;">
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;"><span class="patent-section-title" style="font-family: "gill sans" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: bold; line-height: 16pt; text-transform: uppercase;">REFERENCED BY</span></span></div>
<table class="patent-data-table" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(209, 209, 209); border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; border-style: none none solid; margin: 10px 0px 0px 18px; text-align: left;"><thead class="patent-data-table-thead" style="font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: bold; white-space: nowrap;">
<tr class="patent-data-table" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(209, 209, 209); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 18px; margin-top: 10px;"><th class="patent-data-table-th" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(209, 209, 209); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 2px; padding-right: 25px;">Citing Patent</th><th class="patent-data-table-th" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(209, 209, 209); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 2px; padding-right: 25px;">Filing date</th><th class="patent-data-table-th" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(209, 209, 209); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 2px; padding-right: 25px;">Publication date</th><th class="patent-data-table-th" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(209, 209, 209); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 2px; padding-right: 25px;">Applicant</th><th class="patent-data-table-th" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(209, 209, 209); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 2px; padding-right: 25px;">Title</th></tr>
</thead><tbody>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(236, 236, 236); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://www.google.com/patents/US7942706" style="text-decoration: none;">US7942706</a><span aria-label="Cited by examiner" class="patent-tooltip-anchor" data-tooltip-text="Cited by examiner" data-tooltip="Cited by examiner" style="cursor: default;"> *</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(236, 236, 236); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(236, 236, 236); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;">May 17, 2011</td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom-color: rgb(236, 236, 236); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;">Scosche Industries, Inc.</td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom-color: rgb(236, 236, 236); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;">Configurable power distribution block</td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(236, 236, 236); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://www.google.com/patents/US8425256" style="text-decoration: none;">US8425256</a><span aria-label="Cited by examiner" class="patent-tooltip-anchor" data-tooltip-text="Cited by examiner" data-tooltip="Cited by examiner" style="cursor: default;"> *</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(236, 236, 236); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;">Apr 12, 2011</td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(236, 236, 236); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;">Apr 23, 2013</td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom-color: rgb(236, 236, 236); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;">Yazaki Corporation</td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom-color: rgb(236, 236, 236); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;">Connector</td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(236, 236, 236); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://www.google.com/patents/US9306379" style="text-decoration: none;">US9306379</a><span aria-label="Cited by examiner" class="patent-tooltip-anchor" data-tooltip-text="Cited by examiner" data-tooltip="Cited by examiner" style="cursor: default;"> *</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(236, 236, 236); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;">Jan 16, 2014</td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(236, 236, 236); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;">Apr 5, 2016</td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom-color: rgb(236, 236, 236); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;">William Greenberg</td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom-color: rgb(236, 236, 236); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;">Fuse and power distribution block</td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(236, 236, 236); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://www.google.com/patents/US20110117791" style="text-decoration: none;">US20110117791</a><span aria-label="Cited by examiner" class="patent-tooltip-anchor" data-tooltip-text="Cited by examiner" data-tooltip="Cited by examiner" style="cursor: default;"> *</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(236, 236, 236); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(236, 236, 236); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;">May 19, 2011</td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom-color: rgb(236, 236, 236); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;">Scosche Industries, Inc.</td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom-color: rgb(236, 236, 236); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;">Configurable power distribution block</td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(236, 236, 236); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://www.google.com/patents/US20120094537" style="text-decoration: none;">US20120094537</a><span aria-label="Cited by examiner" class="patent-tooltip-anchor" data-tooltip-text="Cited by examiner" data-tooltip="Cited by examiner" style="cursor: default;"> *</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(236, 236, 236); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;">Apr 12, 2011</td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(236, 236, 236); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;">Apr 19, 2012</td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom-color: rgb(236, 236, 236); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;">Yazaki Corporation</td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom-color: rgb(236, 236, 236); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;">Connector</td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td citation-patent" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(236, 236, 236); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://www.google.com/patents/US20140305693" style="text-decoration: none;">US20140305693</a><span aria-label="Cited by examiner" class="patent-tooltip-anchor" data-tooltip-text="Cited by examiner" data-tooltip="Cited by examiner" style="cursor: default;"> *</span></td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(236, 236, 236); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;">Jan 16, 2014</td><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(236, 236, 236); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;">Oct 16, 2014</td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom-color: rgb(236, 236, 236); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;">William Greenberg</td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom-color: rgb(236, 236, 236); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;">Fuse and Power Distribution Block</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="patent-section-footer" style="margin-left: 18px; text-align: left;">
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">* Cited by examiner</span></div>
</div>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">
<div class="patent-section patent-tabular-section" style="clear: both; font-size: 13.28px; line-height: normal; margin-top: 20px;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" id="classifications"></a><br />
<div class="patent-section-header" style="margin-bottom: 1em; text-align: left;">
<span class="patent-section-title" style="font-family: "gill sans" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: bold; line-height: 16pt; text-transform: uppercase;">CLASSIFICATIONS</span></div>
<table class="patent-data-table" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(209, 209, 209); border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; border-style: none none solid; margin: 10px 0px 0px 18px; text-align: left;"><thead class="patent-data-table-thead" style="font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: bold; white-space: nowrap;">
<tr class="patent-data-table" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(209, 209, 209); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 18px; margin-top: 10px;"><th class="patent-data-table-th" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(209, 209, 209); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 2px; padding-right: 25px;"></th><th class="patent-data-table-th" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(209, 209, 209); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 2px; padding-right: 25px;"></th></tr>
</thead><tbody>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom-color: rgb(236, 236, 236); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;">U.S. Classification</td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom-color: rgb(236, 236, 236); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span class="nested-value"><a href="http://www.google.com/url?id=lbl2BAABERAJ&q=http://www.uspto.gov/web/patents/classification/uspc439/defs439.htm&usg=AFQjCNGRUBDlIORIREC9lh3gU-e5LKYcrg#C439S170000" saprocessedanchor="true" style="text-decoration: none;">439/170</a></span>, <span class="nested-value"><a href="http://www.google.com/url?id=lbl2BAABERAJ&q=http://www.uspto.gov/web/patents/classification/uspc439/defs439.htm&usg=AFQjCNGRUBDlIORIREC9lh3gU-e5LKYcrg#C439S715000" saprocessedanchor="true" style="text-decoration: none;">439/715</a></span>, <span class="nested-value"><a href="http://www.google.com/url?id=lbl2BAABERAJ&q=http://www.uspto.gov/web/patents/classification/uspc439/defs439.htm&usg=AFQjCNGRUBDlIORIREC9lh3gU-e5LKYcrg#C439S620290" saprocessedanchor="true" style="text-decoration: none;">439/620.29</a></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom-color: rgb(236, 236, 236); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;">International Classification</td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom-color: rgb(236, 236, 236); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span class="nested-value"><a href="http://www.google.com/url?id=lbl2BAABERAJ&q=http://web2.wipo.int/ipcpub/&usg=AFQjCNER44F5jlVoswCkvW3YEcB5lW4moA#refresh=page&notion=scheme&version=20130101&symbol=H01R0029000000" saprocessedanchor="true" style="text-decoration: none;">H01R29/00</a></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom-color: rgb(236, 236, 236); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;">Cooperative Classification</td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom-color: rgb(236, 236, 236); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span class="nested-value"><a href="http://www.google.com/url?id=lbl2BAABERAJ&q=http://worldwide.espacenet.com/classification&usg=AFQjCNGs5WqSrPE3A4ZP63zGuM6PRNfEFA#!/CPC=H01R2201/18" saprocessedanchor="true" style="text-decoration: none;">H01R2201/18</a></span>, <span class="nested-value"><a href="http://www.google.com/url?id=lbl2BAABERAJ&q=http://worldwide.espacenet.com/classification&usg=AFQjCNGs5WqSrPE3A4ZP63zGuM6PRNfEFA#!/CPC=H01R9/2441" saprocessedanchor="true" style="text-decoration: none;">H01R9/2441</a></span>, <span class="nested-value"><a href="http://www.google.com/url?id=lbl2BAABERAJ&q=http://worldwide.espacenet.com/classification&usg=AFQjCNGs5WqSrPE3A4ZP63zGuM6PRNfEFA#!/CPC=H01R9/245" saprocessedanchor="true" style="text-decoration: none;">H01R9/245</a></span>, <span class="nested-value"><a href="http://www.google.com/url?id=lbl2BAABERAJ&q=http://worldwide.espacenet.com/classification&usg=AFQjCNGs5WqSrPE3A4ZP63zGuM6PRNfEFA#!/CPC=H01R2201/26" saprocessedanchor="true" style="text-decoration: none;">H01R2201/26</a></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom-color: rgb(236, 236, 236); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;">European Classification</td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom-color: rgb(236, 236, 236); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><span class="nested-value">H01R9/24D4</span>, <span class="nested-value">H01R9/24D6</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="patent-section-footer" style="margin-left: 18px;">
</div>
</div>
<div class="patent-section patent-tabular-section" style="clear: both; font-size: 13.28px; line-height: normal; margin-top: 20px;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" id="legal-events"></a><br />
<div class="patent-section-header" style="margin-bottom: 1em; text-align: left;">
<span class="patent-section-title" style="font-family: "gill sans" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: bold; line-height: 16pt; text-transform: uppercase;">LEGAL EVENTS</span></div>
<table class="patent-data-table" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(209, 209, 209); border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; border-style: none none solid; margin: 10px 0px 0px 18px; text-align: left;"><thead class="patent-data-table-thead" style="font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: bold; white-space: nowrap;">
<tr class="patent-data-table" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(209, 209, 209); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 18px; margin-top: 10px;"><th class="patent-data-table-th" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(209, 209, 209); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 2px; padding-right: 25px;">Date</th><th class="patent-data-table-th" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(209, 209, 209); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 2px; padding-right: 25px;">Code</th><th class="patent-data-table-th" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(209, 209, 209); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 2px; padding-right: 25px;">Event</th><th class="patent-data-table-th" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(209, 209, 209); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 2px; padding-right: 25px;">Description</th></tr>
</thead><tbody>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(236, 236, 236); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;">Dec 23, 2005</td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom-color: rgb(236, 236, 236); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;">AS</td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom-color: rgb(236, 236, 236); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;">Assignment</td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom-color: rgb(236, 236, 236); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><div class="nested-key-value" style="margin-bottom: 4px;">
<span class="nested-key" style="font-weight: bolder;">Owner name: </span><span class="nested-value">AAMP OF FLORIDA, INC., FLORIDA</span></div>
<div class="nested-key-value" style="margin-bottom: 4px;">
<span class="nested-key" style="font-weight: bolder;">Free format text: </span><span class="nested-value">ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:LOPEZ, ALBERTO A.;CATALANO, JOHN;WINCEK, NATHAN;REEL/FRAME:017417/0586</span></div>
<div class="nested-key-value" style="margin-bottom: 4px;">
<span class="nested-key" style="font-weight: bolder;">Effective date: </span><span class="nested-value">20051223</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(236, 236, 236); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;">Nov 20, 2006</td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom-color: rgb(236, 236, 236); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;">AS</td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom-color: rgb(236, 236, 236); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;">Assignment</td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom-color: rgb(236, 236, 236); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><div class="nested-key-value" style="margin-bottom: 4px;">
<span class="nested-key" style="font-weight: bolder;">Owner name: </span><span class="nested-value">GENERAL ELECTRIC CAPITAL CORPORATION, AS AGENT, CO</span></div>
<div class="nested-key-value" style="margin-bottom: 4px;">
<span class="nested-key" style="font-weight: bolder;">Free format text: </span><span class="nested-value">SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:AAMP OF FLORIDA, INC.;REEL/FRAME:018552/0181</span></div>
<div class="nested-key-value" style="margin-bottom: 4px;">
<span class="nested-key" style="font-weight: bolder;">Effective date: </span><span class="nested-value">20061116</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(236, 236, 236); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;">Dec 4, 2009</td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom-color: rgb(236, 236, 236); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;">FPAY</td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom-color: rgb(236, 236, 236); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;">Fee payment</td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom-color: rgb(236, 236, 236); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><div class="nested-key-value" style="margin-bottom: 4px;">
<span class="nested-key" style="font-weight: bolder;">Year of fee payment: </span><span class="nested-value">4</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(236, 236, 236); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;">Apr 10, 2014</td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom-color: rgb(236, 236, 236); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;">FPAY</td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom-color: rgb(236, 236, 236); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;">Fee payment</td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom-color: rgb(236, 236, 236); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><div class="nested-key-value" style="margin-bottom: 4px;">
<span class="nested-key" style="font-weight: bolder;">Year of fee payment: </span><span class="nested-value">8</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td class="patent-data-table-td patent-date-value" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(236, 236, 236); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;">Oct 9, 2015</td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom-color: rgb(236, 236, 236); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;">AS</td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom-color: rgb(236, 236, 236); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;">Assignment</td><td class="patent-data-table-td " style="border-bottom-color: rgb(236, 236, 236); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-right: 25px; padding-top: 3px;"><div class="nested-key-value" style="margin-bottom: 4px;">
<span class="nested-key" style="font-weight: bolder;">Owner name: </span><span class="nested-value">ANTARES CAPITAL LP, AS SUCCESSOR AGENT, ILLINOIS</span></div>
<div class="nested-key-value" style="margin-bottom: 4px;">
<span class="nested-key" style="font-weight: bolder;">Free format text: </span><span class="nested-value">ASSIGNMENT OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:GENERAL ELECTRIC CAPITAL CORPORATION, AS RETIRING AGENT;REEL/FRAME:036826/0746</span></div>
<div class="nested-key-value" style="margin-bottom: 4px;">
<span class="nested-key" style="font-weight: bolder;">Effective date: </span><span class="nested-value">20150821</span></div>
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albertoalopezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01993782226348320330noreply@blogger.com0Clearwater, FL, USA27.9658533 -82.800102627.8536853 -82.9614641 28.0780213 -82.6387411tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5773772622008994113.post-74278762419499980872016-05-09T19:49:00.002-04:002016-05-09T23:17:15.179-04:00Matt Billmeier's Super Stealth '95 Ram<span style="font-size: large;">What do I do when facing a knowledgeable customer? I take very good care of them.</span><br />
Working retail isn't for the faint of heart. At any given moment, the most challenging customers are sure to walk through the door. But no matter what, you must always be ready to be of great help.<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzH013zDuwDeZEzz1YalCyEnz5ELzf4iTlghkfVzSexRBRB8YP2MLLc7UyQ60KcEsrgaZaIe5s8YCZupPRBvj2FuApqGKXmbzx-qF8cSNvYhXNOtToLwskjBO-xhXD7hwIrEuPGh-xujaD/s1600/071.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Image of cover of special edition magazine Mobile Sound Competition Magazine Annual '96 Winners" border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzH013zDuwDeZEzz1YalCyEnz5ELzf4iTlghkfVzSexRBRB8YP2MLLc7UyQ60KcEsrgaZaIe5s8YCZupPRBvj2FuApqGKXmbzx-qF8cSNvYhXNOtToLwskjBO-xhXD7hwIrEuPGh-xujaD/s320/071.jpg" title="At the end of 1995, a uniquely special magazine was published for the first and last time. Mobile Sound Competition's Annual '96 Winners had the ambitious goal of covering as many top vehicles from across the competition circuit in a single issue. It was the best car audio magazine of all time." width="236" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Mobile Sound Competition Magazine<br />
Annual '96 Winners cover</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Sometime during the spring of 1995, a father and his son walked into our Stereo West store in Omaha, Nebraska. Rod Hash, the store's super salesman, quickly identified that he was facing something very special. His new customers had just driven from Carroll, Iowa and we're looking for a subwoofer box. But Rod felt there was more to the story. So he run back to the installation bay where he found me. Knowing that Rod was a self-sufficient expert who didn't need to share commissions with anybody, I knew there had to be something special for him to call me. Rod knew I was as good as him at handling our best customers.<br />
As I approached the father and son, I offered my help. The father jumped right in front of his clearly eager son to tell me that they wanted a box for a pair JL woofers they just purchased elsewhere. He then went on to specify the box's thickness and materials. Next, he told me the internal volume and the speaker orientation. I could hardly get a word out. When he finished prescribing every aspect of the enclosure, I asked them if they had a carpenter that they could trust in Carroll, their home town. He replied "yes, but why." I told him that it was clear they didn't trust us. I said I understood and that it was perfectly fine for them to feel that way. I then described that I would measure their vehicle, draft all the pieces that needed cut, including all angles and dimensions, and give it to them so they could take it to their favorite carpenter in town. To this, he asked "how much will it cost me?" "Nothing", I replied. I'll take me no time to get the measurements. "We are really good at what we do", I said. "In this way you will be most happy by giving the work to someone you trust."<br />
Surprised, the father said "why don't you show me why we should trust you then." And just like that, a relationship was built.<br />
Our Stereo West store in Omaha had a road that crisscrossed through the middle of it. Later one Mobile One in Louisiana and South Texas would copy the idea, but ours was special. Our road was better built and long enough to handle three cars. Surrounding the road where different specialized showrooms. Two for head units and co-axes, two for surround and video, and a huge one for woofers and separates. It was like being at the mall. Every winter, our top customers would bring their cars to be placed inside the store. This kept them protected from the snow while giving us an opportunity to showcase real vehicles.<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUkzQvF8ob134BY25weXI2hP0Hrl2dp5EqhTBfkkbi_7_KO9mrqT9uit4tTHvCtJue78iKjDhugJx5FOlZ8zX8kQvs6ttBVsdR3va-WhxLvZ-Uc6OLWJcuQxOyNXA6EaDDlApDgAN-7UNH/s1600/076a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="photo image of Matt Billmeier's white 1995 Dodge Ram truck" border="0" height="175" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUkzQvF8ob134BY25weXI2hP0Hrl2dp5EqhTBfkkbi_7_KO9mrqT9uit4tTHvCtJue78iKjDhugJx5FOlZ8zX8kQvs6ttBVsdR3va-WhxLvZ-Uc6OLWJcuQxOyNXA6EaDDlApDgAN-7UNH/s320/076a.jpg" title="Originally, Matt Billmeier was to only receive this truck as his high school graduation gift. Later, though, it became the platform for one of the best sound systems ever created." width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Matt Billmeier's Super Stealth '95 Ram<br />
One of the best sound system's ever created.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
So I began to give the tour of the store, making sure to stop at every one of the custom cars. First was Eric Venta's red Civic with ten 15's and focal speakers on the floor. The car was impressive no matter what angle you look at it from. Not able to withstand staying quiet any longer, the son asked if this was a store's demo car?. I said no. I explained the car was built for a customer who had to save every penny for the construction. I then took them to the aqua Cavalier sporting six 15's and waveguides on an all Rockford system. This time, the son asked me how old was the guy who owned the car. I told him it wasn't a guy. I said it was a girl's car and that she paid for it herself. Then I dropped the bomb. I said she was barely 18. While his jaw dropped, the real pain was felt by his ego. Dad was in trouble and he knew it. And for the coup d'état, I showed them the many magazines our cars were in.<br />
I explained our method. I said that they needed to come up with a budget, then they would bring in their vehicle, and I would spend one day designing the system, all at no cost to them. They would only decide whether they wanted to have us do the job or not after looking at specific plans for the car. So, besides being a risk-free offer, we'd also guarantee not to exceed their budget, no matter what. If for whatever reason we ended up doing more work than originally planned, we would pay for.<br />
While I don't remember exactly how much the budget was, it is safe to say that it went above $35,000. Those were real dollars back then. That was also way more money than the truck was worth. Not bad for a high school graduation present.<br />
While the son was ecstatic, I could just see a hint of deep pride on the dad's face. It was clear that this man loved his son more than anything and that he really enjoyed giving him such a great gift.<br />
Of course that the son I have been so cryptic about is Matt Billmeier. He and his dad dropped the truck off the next day. It took me all day to design the system. Because I hated standard installations and because a full-size truck tends to be too wide for proper imaging, I knew I had to do something special to extend the path length of the sound. I had played extensively with the speakers on the floor in Eric Venta's car. My car also had a pair pf midbass drivers under the floor. As I've <a href="http://audio2music.blogspot.com/2014/01/chris-owen-friend-for-life.html" target="_blank">mentioned before, this was my friend Chris Owen's idea</a>.<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi44q3GMaiO3ZACJrUqRWCbNz_x21E1D9vEroQkALGXbxD22sTYEmUMhqrvTtmJe00I11dqcqSv_YcWZ_Ta4B7Ch4HcAUHZ1d2nICKNa0olwRSqzwyilcqPZ3fgCncAfT5f46f4zSMeoQqX/s1600/076b.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="photo image of the engine compartment in Matt Billmeier's white 1995 Dodge Ram" border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi44q3GMaiO3ZACJrUqRWCbNz_x21E1D9vEroQkALGXbxD22sTYEmUMhqrvTtmJe00I11dqcqSv_YcWZ_Ta4B7Ch4HcAUHZ1d2nICKNa0olwRSqzwyilcqPZ3fgCncAfT5f46f4zSMeoQqX/s320/076b.jpg" title="While I am perhaps the one person who has taken floor speakers through many more iterations than anyone else in history, I was also known for my work with specially thick acrylic; evidenced in this picture. " width="263" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The engine compartment with upgraded battery,<br />
stiffening capacitor and battery isolator; <br />
all protected by super thick acrylic <br />
(standard in all my cars)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Also, I had been working quite a bit with waveguides as of late. So it was natural for me to decide to use waveguides on the floor. Waveguides control dispersion better than all the other speakers and the floor location results in the longest path length possible, which further improved stage symmetry. But looking underneath the truck revealed that there was not enough space to make the waveguides point straight up. All sorts of things got in the way. That's when I got the idea of firing the speakers forward. To this day many people have no idea how it works. Installers everywhere think that the only way you can get height out of your high frequency speakers is by placing them high above the dash. But a cursory understanding of physics would reveal that so long as high frequency energy was not absorbed down below, the sound would do what it always does. After bending 90° twice, sound arrives to the listeners' ears. And the path length was mega long. Once again, physics proved correct. The sound was transparent wide and well focus. Better yet, no one could see where the speakers were. This was the best disappearing act I ever witnessed.<br />
It took me longer to deliver the truck than originally promised. Thankfully, I was forgiven for my miss calculation. I was nonetheless embarrassed. Good thing that the Stereo West team and I made it all happen within budget.<br />
In the end, the truck went on to win and win. A big problem that we had to contend with was the fact that many small-show judges thought the truck had speakers in the factory location. After jumping into the truck and firing up the sound system, there was nothing that screamed world champion at them. And we all know that many judges evaluate with their eyes rather than their ears. As a result, the truck received average sound scores at some shows. Fortunately, install scores were massive enough to keep all competition far from becoming a risk. Inevitably, after the truck would do great in install, enough to get a best of show, sound judges would come back to ask to listen to the truck again; after they had realized there was magic in the sauce. After a couple of great shows, the word went out and we no longer had to worry about the problem.<br />
Yet, the 1995 USAC finals at Houston was to bring up problems once again. You see, I had moved to the Lincoln store. Politics in Omaha caused by Greg Pauley were getting the best out of me. In the end, it was all for the better. I would have never gone to Europe and my professional career would have never gone into hyper speed if it weren't because Greg had made it impossible to do my job. Still, things got rough in the mean time.<br />
Joe Cavanaugh wanted to make sure that the Omaha customers stayed with the Omaha store regardless of where I was. I must say that I agree with his take on the issue. Why make the business pay for our meager problems? So, the change meant that Chuck Barbosa came with me to Lincoln and Matt stayed in Omaha.<br />
I don't remember why but Matt and Chuck ended up competing against each other at USAC finals that year. What I do know is that things got very nasty. Greg kept trying to make sure that Chuck went through the lanes before Matt. In his little mind, he probably thought that it was his best way to make Chuck and I lose. Everyone wondered why people from the same store were fighting with each other.<br />
In the end, both cars placed; with Chuck edging Matt. In all fairness, Matt's car was simply not as mature as Chuck's. Car sound systems are like wine. They get better over time.<br />
Besides, there is something to be said about the fact that I didn't tune Matt's truck for finals. Moreover, I didn't do any more work to Matt's truck to help him do better at finals either. While my team at the Omaha store was definitely of the highest caliber, there is no doubt that they simply lacked the degree of ultimate sophistication I brought to the table. History serves as the best witness here.<br />
If given the choice, I wouldn't have made Matt compete with Chuck. Both had a chance at being concurrent champions. But politics got in the way of a good thing. Lesson learned! I never again allowed idiots like Greg to negatively affect the work of great employees through such nasty and cannibalistic tactics. As a result, corporate performance everywhere I went after I left Omaga skyrocketed during my tenure to historically highest levels. Unfortunately, I learned my lesson too late. I was not able to do more for Matt.<br />
Nonetheless, Matt's truck was remarkable. Two magazine articles covered it right after. I hope you enjoy the first of these two articles below:<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUkzQvF8ob134BY25weXI2hP0Hrl2dp5EqhTBfkkbi_7_KO9mrqT9uit4tTHvCtJue78iKjDhugJx5FOlZ8zX8kQvs6ttBVsdR3va-WhxLvZ-Uc6OLWJcuQxOyNXA6EaDDlApDgAN-7UNH/s1600/076a.jpg" imageanchor="1"></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi44q3GMaiO3ZACJrUqRWCbNz_x21E1D9vEroQkALGXbxD22sTYEmUMhqrvTtmJe00I11dqcqSv_YcWZ_Ta4B7Ch4HcAUHZ1d2nICKNa0olwRSqzwyilcqPZ3fgCncAfT5f46f4zSMeoQqX/s1600/076b.jpg" imageanchor="1"></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjz8Qs3UiEbArXYvwkCkOhg90BdpVUN8OT6Vl3yeJy87LDohMLLFCJAi105JaN2FaUKG-GhlXLHjZ9a08xrfRtrpthdjwsVjP3CsHnYAj36hq46hjNqGXXWd4q2hrbedLhYGgSjOcCJjr45/s1600/076c.jpg" imageanchor="1"></a><br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjz8Qs3UiEbArXYvwkCkOhg90BdpVUN8OT6Vl3yeJy87LDohMLLFCJAi105JaN2FaUKG-GhlXLHjZ9a08xrfRtrpthdjwsVjP3CsHnYAj36hq46hjNqGXXWd4q2hrbedLhYGgSjOcCJjr45/s1600/076c.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="photo image of the area behind the seats inside of Matt Billmeier's white 1995 Dodge Ram" border="0" height="246" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjz8Qs3UiEbArXYvwkCkOhg90BdpVUN8OT6Vl3yeJy87LDohMLLFCJAi105JaN2FaUKG-GhlXLHjZ9a08xrfRtrpthdjwsVjP3CsHnYAj36hq46hjNqGXXWd4q2hrbedLhYGgSjOcCJjr45/s320/076c.jpg" title="Looking back, it is still incredible that so much equipment fit behind and below the seat in Matt Billmeier's Super Stealth '95 Ram Truck." width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">As <span style="font-size: 12.8px;">you can see, the standard cab <br />was used to its fullest potential</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<b><span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-size: large;">Mobile Sound Competition </span></b><br />
<b><span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-size: large;">Annual '96 Winners</span></b><br />
<b><span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Street Beat</span></b><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">In his first year of competition, Matt Billmeier has already done what many aspire to do even in their veteran years: win three regional events in a row in the USAC realm and for other regular-event firsts -not bad. Perhaps it's the enthusiasm generated at the young age of 19, or maybe the fact that he's a mobile DJ to begin with. Or maybe Matt just likes to compete and win. Whatever the force that drives him, motivation or skill, it sure gets results.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Matt competes in USAC. and IASCA with 300-watts, placing him in IASCA NOV 151-300 and USAC NOV 251-500 classes. His plans earlier on this year were to simply qualify for both Finals and compete in them, just to see what happened -no lofty expectations. But now Matt has qualified, and he has the gleam of future glory in his eye.</span><br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgRcFlOPTFGPe9gHwSv_6g56mP7duhTWnaIgg6AX-R4B9h_eRdS5JzFqmIQJlOUCXOnYtv8VJJeegK5Ntp35kePEVkGFa-ds2wfv_7kkXWGZ-IwMK1r5AnztsqB-u2B3_TWT0hwHsleCrN/s1600/076d.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="photo image of the area behind the seats inside of Matt Billmeier's white 1995 Dodge Ram" border="0" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgRcFlOPTFGPe9gHwSv_6g56mP7duhTWnaIgg6AX-R4B9h_eRdS5JzFqmIQJlOUCXOnYtv8VJJeegK5Ntp35kePEVkGFa-ds2wfv_7kkXWGZ-IwMK1r5AnztsqB-u2B3_TWT0hwHsleCrN/s320/076d.jpg" title="Woofers, amplifiers, cables, fuses, processors and a cap, all are happy behind the seat inside the cab in Matt Billmeier's winning 1995 Dodge Ram Truck" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Phoenix Gold equipment is displayed behind removable <br />
Plexiglass panels with JL Audio woofers <br />
massaged in there as well</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">And he's got the rig for it too. The installation crew of Stereo West was given the job. For those of you who've been around, you'll know how strong a system that these guys can build: Many titleholders owe them thanks. The four-man team of Alberto Lopez, agreg Pauley, Jay Butterfield and Bill Gass dug into the brand-new '95 Dodge Ram shortbread with gumption. And they had to. Incorporating all of the electronics and a pair of JL Audio subwoofers into a standard cab is no easy job. But they were able to squeeze in all of the Phoenix Gold equipment and the woofers with full range of movement on the seat. And it actually looks good, too!</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Matt will be making the rounds again this year, so be sure to check out his ride. Chances are that it'll be up on the stage.</span><br />
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQAZ_uG1-fry8ccIAG52PfkmL7plLNqgxnNvCiIAs-K4k9uLMi0Om1xgknnyYyvYXON1_jhv0F85YE2nS8cix153yMnImUIxp4JnFZuE62X78FUk8pfTjq6C_SECeO7HC029Cszwryo_-s/s1600/076.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Image of Matt Billmeier article's page of special edition magazine Mobile Sound Competition Magazine Annual '96 Winners" border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQAZ_uG1-fry8ccIAG52PfkmL7plLNqgxnNvCiIAs-K4k9uLMi0Om1xgknnyYyvYXON1_jhv0F85YE2nS8cix153yMnImUIxp4JnFZuE62X78FUk8pfTjq6C_SECeO7HC029Cszwryo_-s/s320/076.jpg" title="Product Profiles. Installer: Stereo West. Source Unit: Alpine. Signal Processor: Phoenix Gold. Amplification: Phoenix Gold. Front Stage: Image Dynamics; MB Quart. Sub-bass: JL Audio. Security System: Alpine. Special: All equipment in cab with fully functional seats." width="233" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Article's full page</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
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<b><span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Product Profiles</span></b><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;"><i>Installer</i>: Stereo West</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;"><i>Source Unit</i>: Alpine</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;"><i>Signal Processor</i>: Phoenix Gold</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;"><i>Amplification</i>: Phoenix Gold</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;"><i>Front Stage</i>: Image Dynamics, MB Quart</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;"><i>Sub-bass</i>: JL Audio</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;"><i>Security System</i>: Alpine</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;"><i>Special</i>: All equipment in cab with fully functional seats.</span><br />
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In a future article, I will transcribe Car Audio and Electronic's latter coverage of Matt's truck. While it is unfortunate that credit for my work was stolen during the writing of the article by <a href="http://static.sfdict.com/staticrep/dictaudio/NEW2014/4412997.mp3" target="_blank">uber</a>-<a href="http://static.sfdict.com/staticrep/dictaudio/I02/I0200300.mp3" target="_blank">insecure </a>and <a href="http://static.sfdict.com/staticrep/dictaudio/U01/U0182000.mp3" target="_blank">utterly</a>-<a href="http://static.sfdict.com/staticrep/dictaudio/U01/U0172300.mp3" target="_blank">useless </a>Greg Pauley (after I left the country for my next professional challenge in London), the fact remains that Matt is a fantastic guy and that his truck was awesome. So kudos to him and his dad for giving me the opportunity to work for them.<br />
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<br />albertoalopezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01993782226348320330noreply@blogger.com4Omaha, NE, USA41.2523634 -95.99798829999997541.0614744 -96.32071179999997 41.4432524 -95.675264799999979tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5773772622008994113.post-42365296396919820892016-05-04T15:08:00.004-04:002016-05-09T20:00:29.460-04:00Dustin Culton's AC-Team Honda CRX<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXLcwtlVw14nnRaYmiTmUaWcd_7NcNCYnfsBtG3H3i2rDTqsUhSyKXwQ6eWC-IKum4wTBvPjzww7extv2mPpQVi389tbEcsgiHQiD2cS3BCDkNeMpYYkGCAHdKQTXeu6IcZcA6h810L7B1/s1600/046.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="image of Cover of Autosound & Security Magazine March 1995" border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXLcwtlVw14nnRaYmiTmUaWcd_7NcNCYnfsBtG3H3i2rDTqsUhSyKXwQ6eWC-IKum4wTBvPjzww7extv2mPpQVi389tbEcsgiHQiD2cS3BCDkNeMpYYkGCAHdKQTXeu6IcZcA6h810L7B1/s320/046.jpg" title="This is the cover of the magazine issue that covered Dustin Culton's Honda CRX in it's Winner's Circle section. Autosound & Security Magazine March 1995" width="236" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Autosound & Security Magazine March 1995</td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: large;">I call them my rock 'n roll years. There was a time when we looked for nothing more than driving into the sunset. </span>Traveling the country in search of the nearest competition was almost as important as food and sleep; or perhaps more.<br />
During the years when I worked for Stereo West, the leading retailer in the city, I was able to assemble a very strong competition team. But it was the combined effort of all salespeople, installers and customers that made the whole dream come true. And after everything was said and done, Stereo West became one of the top retailers in the nation, Joe Cavanaugh became a business leaders to the industry, my customers became world champions, and I had an opportunity to do an inventory of my life and change it forever.<br />
But this is not a story of the ever-after. Instead today we will focus on part of the fun that made those years so cool.<br />
Dustin Culton was one of our better known team members. Being a small guy, we surely picked on him quite a bit. Whether the reason was because he got a $400 speeding ticket outside of Memphis, or because he was afraid of a beggar at a fuel station in Indianapolis, Dustin was always a great sport. But in my mind he was to be always remembered as a great competitor. Dustin never gave up. The following is a short Winner's Circle coverage of his car by Autosound and Security magazine published in March of 1995. Enjoy!<br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQNmS9lc_g1WMjWdxKzp5QqCIij6IMBFwg_3ca6TNnCovWMXo31NjQrd3VRczTo2RjFTIB6-c8R9AoYiqDBsX04JPNodN-Vnk2b9A6-hTcSsmcddPClrkwxBF8MUuoDh1eCDbBZpd_qRpg/s1600/047a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Black and White image of Dustin Culton outside of his 1985 Black competition CRX" border="0" height="255" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQNmS9lc_g1WMjWdxKzp5QqCIij6IMBFwg_3ca6TNnCovWMXo31NjQrd3VRczTo2RjFTIB6-c8R9AoYiqDBsX04JPNodN-Vnk2b9A6-hTcSsmcddPClrkwxBF8MUuoDh1eCDbBZpd_qRpg/s400/047a.jpg" title="People compete for different reasons. Some do it because they lived on competition, some because there's money in it, and others because they're addicted. While not as caustic as smoking, competing in autosound can be harmful. Just ask this month's Winner's Circle guy, Dustin Culton of Omaha, Nebraska" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Dustin Culton and his award winning CRX</td></tr>
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<b><span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-size: large;">Autosound & Security</span></b><br />
<b><span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Winner's Circle</span></b><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">by Morgan O'Riley</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">People compete for different reasons. Some do it because they lived on competition, some because there's money in it, and others because they're addicted. While not as caustic as smoking, competing in autosound can be harmful. Just ask this month's Winner's Circle guy, Dustin Culton of Omaha, Nebraska.</span><br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhV-8QS17D7hDNficYA95QIhFji1xXCiauIRSgGRqarRmq-vbFTM30fJPzMQn4eH8Ripm92g57c4F6OmjYJ-W8VP4lSbo549oQkgyN0Cx_dv1Hmq0yXC5Qt5c6QRnKOg8n5DtXivhpQo5ne/s1600/047b.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Black and White image of Dustin Culton's interior kickpanels" border="0" height="302" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhV-8QS17D7hDNficYA95QIhFji1xXCiauIRSgGRqarRmq-vbFTM30fJPzMQn4eH8Ripm92g57c4F6OmjYJ-W8VP4lSbo549oQkgyN0Cx_dv1Hmq0yXC5Qt5c6QRnKOg8n5DtXivhpQo5ne/s320/047b.jpg" title="These handmade kickpanels aim a component set of MB Quart 5" and 1" speakers" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Handmade kickpanels for a MB Quart 5" and 1" component set</td></tr>
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">To get ready for the IASCA Finals this year, he ended up losing a 3-year-plus relationship with his girlfriend. Tuning and tweaking takes time and evidently she just wasn't willing to give up any of her time with Dustin. So it became the car or her. Looks like Dustin chose the car, because they aren't together anymore.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">One person's loss is another's gain. In this case Dustin got everything ready for the IASCA Finals and hit the road ready to win. His 1985 Honda CRX has the qualifications too.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">A pair of Punch 40s, some components up front and a pair of twelves might not seem like a whole lot, but in the small interior space of a CRX, you really don't need a lot; and the way in which everything is tied together in Dustin's car makes it more than the sum of the parts.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">The installation starts out in the stock dash location with an Alpine 7807 CD tuner. The Alpine fits nice and snug in its spot, and right below that the center console section has been filled with a vinyl-covered panel with four rocker switches on it. The switches control things in the system like the neon around the amplifiers and a motorized panel in the hatch area.</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxFKhyphenhyphenuffXY9NNUE8usFKhkSi0aKs00_AG3uM9slIKzW3XvX-eZn1c0XAFPurAC2XbkBY7I1ZFLSB2Y22PLn5gNdc6Xyb9zO62UZG13XpMReDojOrrXqkjrSCN_gftuTfZBqzeJXdLS1QI/s1600/048b.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Black and White image of the back hatch area in Dustin Culton's competition Honda CRX. " border="0" height="206" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxFKhyphenhyphenuffXY9NNUE8usFKhkSi0aKs00_AG3uM9slIKzW3XvX-eZn1c0XAFPurAC2XbkBY7I1ZFLSB2Y22PLn5gNdc6Xyb9zO62UZG13XpMReDojOrrXqkjrSCN_gftuTfZBqzeJXdLS1QI/s320/048b.jpg" title="Dustin used up the majority of his hatch space with a pair of MTX 12s, a pair of Punch 40s, fuses and more." width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Dustin used up the majority of his hatch space with a pair of <br />
MTX 12s, a pair of Punch 40s, fuses and more</td></tr>
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">After the tunes are produced by the Alpine, things head back to an AudioControl EQX. The AudioControl takes care of the system equalization and splits the frequencies between the two Rocker Fosgate Punch 40 amplifiers. The EQX is mounted out of sight on a hinged panel in the back. Set to operate with a linear actuator, the EQX motors up right in front of you when you lift the hatch lid. Underneath you get a neon MTX sign in a special paint job that looks like marble. Dustin likes to tell people he used marble for the job, but it's just paint applied with a feather in his sponge.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">The crossover in the EQX sends the low frequencies to a Punch 40 that powers a pair of MTX Road Thunder Pros. The subs run 80Hz and down, and rock the little CRX.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">The rest of the spectrum is covered by the second Punch 40. That unit powers a set of MB Quart components mounted in handmade kickpanels. A 5-inch mid and 1-inch tweeter where fitted low and angled to create a solid center image. For a touch of ambience, another pair of tweeters, Rockford 3/4-insurers, were set into the floor just forward of the seats - firing directly upward.</span><br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgX-sjwJ3S03ANQLr-rb16r5DruuhCDOlI_LEJ2RNxbk2FEkg7dk6vQx8AdgokOzsT_pRZUwP-wkaa_CCPTu0n8g6pfVhcSs_7vY79IDL__AkkmWEzJJIxMGWGwCPOhLA86EKh4jscmCZGw/s1600/048a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Black and White picture of the back of Dustin Culton's competition CRX. A motorized panel lifts an EQX and opens to show an MTX neon sign." border="0" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgX-sjwJ3S03ANQLr-rb16r5DruuhCDOlI_LEJ2RNxbk2FEkg7dk6vQx8AdgokOzsT_pRZUwP-wkaa_CCPTu0n8g6pfVhcSs_7vY79IDL__AkkmWEzJJIxMGWGwCPOhLA86EKh4jscmCZGw/s320/048a.jpg" title="At the back of the hatch is a motorized panel that pops up to reveal an AudioControl EQX and a cool MTX neon sign" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">At the back of the hatch is a motorized panel that pops up <br />
to reveal an AudioControl EQX and a cool MTX neon sign</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Other cool little tricks that Dustin put into the system include mounting the amps upside down with the innards exposed, removable grills for all the components in the back, as well as tiny 2.5-inch LCD screens built into the sun visors. The screens can be used to play video games while you're stuck in traffic, or just to goof off.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Dustin is a member of USAC, IASCA and WAC. He attended over 20 shows in the '94 competition season, including the USAC and IASCA Finals. He's also proud to say that he did most of the work himself, but he'd also like to thank the guys at Stereo West for some of the work they did. While he didn't claim the title this year in the Novice 51-100 watt class, Dustin says he'll be ready to kick some butt next year in the Amateur class.</span><br />
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These are the whole page images:<br />
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVzFpyBDqIp0SXSUAkcNZ9ijo-fttb6RcCDc2dHZ-8mE9qpLo7jJ7Uu0H3rU08HnQ4pbDnhxbhPZP-tS2p0WySf8hQyZ6x1rwyzML7-Qprvg8ixYkgLVBMPAgULO5af48ce7meNsYcDWCM/s1600/047.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Black and white image of page 61 of Autosound & Security Magazine's March 1995 issue." border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVzFpyBDqIp0SXSUAkcNZ9ijo-fttb6RcCDc2dHZ-8mE9qpLo7jJ7Uu0H3rU08HnQ4pbDnhxbhPZP-tS2p0WySf8hQyZ6x1rwyzML7-Qprvg8ixYkgLVBMPAgULO5af48ce7meNsYcDWCM/s320/047.jpg" title="People compete for different reasons. Some do it because they lived on competition, some because there's money in it, and others because they're addicted. While not as caustic as smoking, competing in autosound can be harmful. Just ask this month's Winner's Circle guy, Dustin Culton of Omaha, Nebraska." width="233" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Page 61 Autosound & Security March 1995</td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMq_JOcqgYZXxCeu5qxt1SsIBgiVz0Ley2M2fdJ767Ll9Z7qTfIf06pL5h0YEzHDnifsWulgFHsZ3UdbwmHTiOcGiZcslfbBKkbKrjHhOJPdVDeEWHhGiU5JojCGKZivUf65CbIXjtaj5W/s1600/048.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Black and white image of page 62 of Autosound & Security Magazine's March 1995 issue." border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMq_JOcqgYZXxCeu5qxt1SsIBgiVz0Ley2M2fdJ767Ll9Z7qTfIf06pL5h0YEzHDnifsWulgFHsZ3UdbwmHTiOcGiZcslfbBKkbKrjHhOJPdVDeEWHhGiU5JojCGKZivUf65CbIXjtaj5W/s320/048.jpg" title="People compete for different reasons. Some do it because they lived on competition, some because there's money in it, and others because they're addicted. While not as caustic as smoking, competing in autosound can be harmful. Just ask this month's Winner's Circle guy, Dustin Culton of Omaha, Nebraska." width="225" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Page 62 Autosound & Security March 1995</td></tr>
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<br />albertoalopezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01993782226348320330noreply@blogger.com0Omaha, NE, USA41.2523634 -95.99798829999997541.0614744 -96.32071179999997 41.4432524 -95.675264799999979tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5773772622008994113.post-87885409043944821762016-03-30T01:02:00.003-04:002016-05-09T23:29:50.691-04:00Bad Judges or Bad Reference - Part II<span style="font-size: large;">I feel I need to further explain why is it that the Spring Break Nationals </span><span style="font-size: large;">cars</span><span style="font-size: large;"> </span><span style="font-size: large;">I heard</span><span style="font-size: large;"> were </span><span style="font-size: large;">so bad?</span><span style="font-size: medium;"></span><br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjreM5aOJk9LVdiOnC0sxY2r55DOoD0UnIoqOboW06ZeZN0hOtyILobFA4VsPY13lLW9_ICeXGssRfsZYL5FXsfe_bXJ_OhEQyN2ASXMQpjcCPwLCbosJyxtKGztFufeoY-I525NIdhZEJG/s1600/Stage+2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="composition image in four parts. First, micro musicians in front of larger microphones on a white stage. Second, micro musicians on top of a car dash serving as their stage. Third, real sized musicians on top of a car dash serving as their stage. Fourth, real sized musicians in front of microphones on a white stage." border="0" height="265" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjreM5aOJk9LVdiOnC0sxY2r55DOoD0UnIoqOboW06ZeZN0hOtyILobFA4VsPY13lLW9_ICeXGssRfsZYL5FXsfe_bXJ_OhEQyN2ASXMQpjcCPwLCbosJyxtKGztFufeoY-I525NIdhZEJG/s400/Stage+2.jpg" title="Real music is big and has a round characteristic to it. On the other hand, image precision should never come at the expense of real dimensions. " width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">Which is the real stage and which has the midget-sized musicians?</span></td></tr>
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While there are a few other reasons, I will take a look at one property of sound reproduction that comes close to my heart; one that makes a big difference in the realism heard from the system.<br />
In a nutshell, I am talking about designing a system with a very good step response. Read my previous posts and you will inevitably come across many mentions of the importance I place on this acoustic measurement. Good systems have a great step response and mediocre ones don't. It is a fact that remains independent of whatever else is done in the frequency/amplitude domain.<br />
But why take my word for it? Why not look at what others comment, when unprompted.<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiqxLQA7m1HbM8F6s42MV1_5cyEH1uY472chrUCC1L3WjZe59X7ARNnu0j38EYYv6ZZAEVDAb2ykcNs4woCv5nUP4bqiwmlTSp4XAH6Y85d9JHRRWbE3BqVqFuTY4_rnJCLI6cDAOSHCK3/s1600/Quad+ESL-989+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Image of Quad ESL 989 electrostatic speakers inside a living room with many pink accents" border="0" height="253" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiqxLQA7m1HbM8F6s42MV1_5cyEH1uY472chrUCC1L3WjZe59X7ARNnu0j38EYYv6ZZAEVDAb2ykcNs4woCv5nUP4bqiwmlTSp4XAH6Y85d9JHRRWbE3BqVqFuTY4_rnJCLI6cDAOSHCK3/s320/Quad+ESL-989+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" title="Quad ESL 989 electrostatic speakers have been showering listeners with acoustic pleasure for many years. They are always a fantastic standard for the three dimensional nature of reproduced sound." width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; text-align: start;">Quad ESL 989</span></td></tr>
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The one place where you can reliably get both, a good sound review and good measurements is Stereophile magazine. While it could be argued that The Absolute Sound or other international publications are superior at gauging realistic reproduction, none of them do measurements at the level of Stereophile. To me, the art must be matched by the science. Furthermore, the fact that Stereophile has many years of historic record keeping means that we can come up with some sort of statistical mean relevant to any kind of measurement.<br />
Let's take two speakers from well regarded makers. Neither pair is cheap by any stretch of the imagination. Yet, one resides within the mid-fi world while the other sets foot inside the real high end.<br />
I am referring to the NHT 3.3 and the Quad ESL 989 respectively. Yes for this comparison, I selected speakers that had been around a long time with the hope that most people would have heard of them.<br />
The pair of new NHT 3.3's sold for about $4,000 while a pair of the Quad ESL 989's commanded a price tag of around $8,000. Such a small difference in price, yet worlds apart in performance.<br />
NHT is generally a solid mid-fi speaker maker. Their products have seen strong following and plenty of industry accolades over the years. Still, theirs was never an attempt at the absolute state of the art, no matter what their marketing materials would claim. The fact remained that their path of choice was always one that kept them away from using the best components or having great enclosures. I remember a time when I did my usual ear-to-the-side-of-the-box test and was horrified by the loud ringing the speaker cabinets made. No high end manufacturer would ever allow for such large amount of energy to be dissipated in a poor and unpredictable way within the room. I also recall their engineers acting like I had just farted after I cringed from the disappointing experience.<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMafWs_r3mpRMUdn8nfe_x6FIh03e6WNdL3xHaTSQbEsAqcE0ssZ6y0c2Rbe_od1ZtF3ox5A9C4mq7zN2hLwwJCwC9SyAAbkf24d40dQrK06IRFKuPlJn-wgjlAuS3Ub0Skb9Z9IHhoZXj/s1600/NHT+3.3+loudspeaker+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><img alt="image of black NHT 3.3 speakers inside a room with many wood accents." border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMafWs_r3mpRMUdn8nfe_x6FIh03e6WNdL3xHaTSQbEsAqcE0ssZ6y0c2Rbe_od1ZtF3ox5A9C4mq7zN2hLwwJCwC9SyAAbkf24d40dQrK06IRFKuPlJn-wgjlAuS3Ub0Skb9Z9IHhoZXj/s320/NHT+3.3+loudspeaker+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" title="The NHT 3.3 speakers are solid mid-fi performers. They offer great extension without sacrificing the Wife Acceptance Factor. Their shortcomings are mainly spatial in nature," width="294" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; text-align: start;">NHT 3.3</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
But the real test, as always, is the listening session; an event that would further disappoint. While the speakers were bright and dry, what really told me the story about their heritage was how compressed the sound's physical dimensions were. The height of all instruments was ridiculously small. Depth was none and width was definitely inside the speakers; a fact that seemed difficult to conceive after taking in consideration the speaker's narrow cabinet profile, the asymmetric mid and tweeter placement, and their use of a felt strip next to the drivers. In other words, the engineers must have worked extra hard to make a speaker sound that bad considering how many other good things were going for it.<br />
But enough of my opinion. Stereophile's Thomas J. Norton reviewed a par of NHT 3.3's for the magazine in 2005, after the brand had been acquired by Rockford Fosgate but before it was divested in October of that year. Believe me, it's a long story.<br />
While the speaker received a good "B" rating by the magazine, Norton found it necessary to mention the following:<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiprn5ElC_jnxm3NfxgNEMZ4e_QtE03tifAYYXNCG9RO4lg74VlyEU2tm08m_-pWNxD7-ZLPqMtZ4YHtCcdVEwemVGpqLVRWQb4ye056BUI-ERugkoDgPBwe98C6LGLheFKcQ67on3PxjdQ/s1600/Step+Response+NHT+3.3+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img alt="My rendition of a horrible Step Response curve on dark gray background of NHT 3.3 Speakers as publushed by Stereophile Magazine" border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiprn5ElC_jnxm3NfxgNEMZ4e_QtE03tifAYYXNCG9RO4lg74VlyEU2tm08m_-pWNxD7-ZLPqMtZ4YHtCcdVEwemVGpqLVRWQb4ye056BUI-ERugkoDgPBwe98C6LGLheFKcQ67on3PxjdQ/s320/Step+Response+NHT+3.3+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" title="A horrible Step Response. Quote by Thomas J. Norton, Stereophile Magazine's reviewer, about the NHT 3.3: "The only drawback I noted was a limiting of the soundstage to the space between the loudspeakers."" width="285" /></a></div>
<span style="color: #d5a6bd;">"The 3.3s' soundstage was tight and focused, accommodating the program material both in the precision of its lateral detailing and in its depth. On some recordings there was noticeably less depth and pinpoint imaging than with soundstage champs like the WATTs/Puppies. But on others—the organ on Dorian's Pictures at an Exhibition, the synthesizer, vocalist, and chorus on Enya's Watermark (Geffen 242332), and the instrumental and vocal interplay on Eric Bibb's and Cindee Peters' Opus 3 compilation (CD 7706/03) jump off the pages of my listening notes—the depth rendition and lateral focus were all I could have hoped for. The only drawback I noted was a limiting of the soundstage to the space between the loudspeakers."</span><br />
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While the speaker played tones correctly, Norton made reference to the same kind of midget-image effect I described when talking about the Spring Break Nationals cars in my previous post. I mentioned that these cars tend to play ping-pong between the right and the left in such a way where the sound never goes past a very sharp boundary. It is also what makes some judges positively comment on how focused images are. Believe me, if instruments were midget sized, all the concentration of energy would always make them seem focused. But this effect is a distortion rather than a positive.<br />
No, these weren't the only problems with the, so called, great cars. So hold back on your desire to jump to conclusions on the unfairness of my disappointment with cars that did some of what a mid-fi speaker do. Believe me, these cars don't come close to even the NHT's. But it is the flaw of compressed physical dimensions that I want to call attention to.<br />
The distortion is so damaging to the reproduction that even Norton saw the need to compare the NHT's poor performance to that from the Wilson Audio's. I guess that great minds think alike.<br />
And what's the reason for such dimensional distortion? Well, a poorly designed crossover network; one where part-count and cost are more important than performance. Take a look above at the impulse response as published by Stereophile in the same article. Each swing up or down is literally destroying the dimensional accuracy of the sound across progressively longer wavelengths.<br />
Now, for the good news. Let's focus our attention on the Quads. The brand has been around for a long time and it is well known for making speakers of all sizes of an exceptionally predictable high quality. In my opinion, they simply never disappoint; even when considering that many electrostatics are notoriously difficult to set up.<br />
In 2002, Larry Greenhill said the following when reviewing the Quads:<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2zFrDfD98HJbWBs0C6j3Diz0QflR9jLkXSEduqvWHKnXC_pu5Ih4jZ9Cyui4d9LBBsBl4uJgyp4f3W4yIZUBf4GDk0JugfWNZbdv5VvScOufMoXKdEjsGgBDAdbFRHVgeXR6jMt5AmCBL/s1600/Step+Response+Quad+ESL+989+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="My rendition of an almost perfect Step Response curve on dark gray background of Quad ESL 989 Speakers as publushed by Stereophile Magazine" border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2zFrDfD98HJbWBs0C6j3Diz0QflR9jLkXSEduqvWHKnXC_pu5Ih4jZ9Cyui4d9LBBsBl4uJgyp4f3W4yIZUBf4GDk0JugfWNZbdv5VvScOufMoXKdEjsGgBDAdbFRHVgeXR6jMt5AmCBL/s320/Step+Response+Quad+ESL+989+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" title="An almost perfect step response. Quote by Larry Greenhill, Stereophile Magazine's reviewer, about the Quad ESL 989: "The ESL989s' imaging was topnotch, conveying a seamless, wall-to-wall soundstage that did not seem to emanate from the speakers themselves"" width="285" /></a><span style="color: #d5a6bd;"></span><br />
<span style="color: #d5a6bd;">"The ESL989s' </span><span style="color: #d5a6bd;">imaging was topnotch, conveying a seamless, wall-to-wall </span><span style="color: #d5a6bd;">soundstage that </span><span style="color: #d5a6bd;">did not seem to emanate from the speakers themselves. They captured the soundstage depth </span><span style="color: #d5a6bd;">and width of "Naris," from Patricia Barber's Blue Café (CD, Premonition/Blue Note 5 21810 </span><span style="color: #d5a6bd;">2). Percussion was open, airy, fast, and transparent. José Carreras in Misa Criolla was </span><span style="color: #d5a6bd;">startling, his soft tenor in the foreground, a large, muted drum playing deep and to the left of </span><span style="color: #d5a6bd;">center stage, backed up by the large, distant chorus. The perspective was spacious and eerie, </span><span style="color: #d5a6bd;">suggesting the desolation and emptiness of a high South American plateau. Suzanne Vega </span><span style="color: #d5a6bd;">seemed to materialize between the two ESLs, close enough to touch, as she sang "Tom's </span><span style="color: #d5a6bd;">Diner," from Solitude Standing (CD, A&M CD 5136)."</span><br />
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Interestingly, there was one car that created a sound that could have been described by Mr. Greenhill's comments. But do you think that the show judges were able to recognize it's exceptional nature? No (in case you were looking for an actual response).<br />
There is something pervasive about the soundstage of speaker systems with a triangular-looking step response. They are all big, rounded and well defined; whether from back to front, side to side or top to bottom. They are as close as space reproduction comes to being real. For God;s sake, just close your eyes and pay attention the the most basic of sounds. Don't be surprised if you don't find midget images anywhere.<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhp7Mxp-EZuPSpsnBWU1KtM9dgS4PsBv6TAYcZT_XGlF5gx5qfsfXOqcTS64iJCwHuPcCghiJkkDyc2eWy5JDe3NCmKcpTO9pyXAoJWSnLeT_82OQewHNS7xplMEKihDsUAkT7nGeUzek9P/s1600/Ideal+Step+Response+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img alt="Illustration of an almost perfect step response over a dark gray background" border="0" height="142" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhp7Mxp-EZuPSpsnBWU1KtM9dgS4PsBv6TAYcZT_XGlF5gx5qfsfXOqcTS64iJCwHuPcCghiJkkDyc2eWy5JDe3NCmKcpTO9pyXAoJWSnLeT_82OQewHNS7xplMEKihDsUAkT7nGeUzek9P/s200/Ideal+Step+Response+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" title="This is what a perfect step response would look like if speakers were perfect. " width="200" /></a>For your reference, I am also sharing a model-based graph that illustrates the theoretically perfect step response.<br />
So, could it be that the car that I am making reference to as having "<span style="color: #d5a6bd;">conveying a seamless, wall-to-wall </span><span style="color: #d5a6bd;">soundstage that </span><span style="color: #d5a6bd;">did not seem to emanate from the speakers themselves</span>" also has a triangular step response? Yes. This is something that any sophisticated professional listener should be able to easily recognize. Clearly there is no hope for the show's judges.<br />
If you have any doubt, it takes an exponentially better engineer to design a system that does a good step response on top of doing everything else right. So, awarding a point or two of separation between the cars that do it and those that don't is simple wrong. A point or two are linear in nature while the performance difference is, again, exponential. This explains the exponential difference in price between the home speakers that achieve it and those that don't.<br />
I remain terribly disappointed that Spring Break sound judges:<br />
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<li>were not able to identify vehicles with compressed dimensional reproduction,</li>
<li>didn't know the exponentially higher value of achieving uncompressed dimensional performance,</li>
<li>and were not able to recognize the superior and more natural sound that comes from a well designed system. </li>
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albertoalopezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01993782226348320330noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5773772622008994113.post-67879579685675765102016-03-22T16:17:00.001-04:002016-03-22T16:48:17.149-04:00Bad Judges or Bad Reference?<span style="font-size: large;">In sound-offs many sound judges act as if they possessed a sound reference; an absolute reference to the sound being evaluated. They tell you that they know what the singer sounded in real life or that they know the band playing. Yet, these same judges fail time and time again when faced with exceptional sound. </span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5RG1fa7iMhrPyMwNL61sRIXd9cQQbj69hYkm7ri9oRIZ7dnFNFT7C2angA_3JP7Mj36ghfPuF_YI_OaqecYgwqX_H5aMpwqBbjvtAJEd3OkvdlaSjuFnGCzD1ra-PCWLR1Wbq5ZFU-x6q/s1600/Spring+Break+Nationals+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="120" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5RG1fa7iMhrPyMwNL61sRIXd9cQQbj69hYkm7ri9oRIZ7dnFNFT7C2angA_3JP7Mj36ghfPuF_YI_OaqecYgwqX_H5aMpwqBbjvtAJEd3OkvdlaSjuFnGCzD1ra-PCWLR1Wbq5ZFU-x6q/s400/Spring+Break+Nationals+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
Why? Because their reference is flawed. They have been listening to too many cars, for one. A recent visit to the Spring Break Nationals event in Daytona demonstrated that most cars sound like not much more than a well tuned boom box. Yes, they are boxes that generally lack any sort of coherence when attempting to keep the projected image of an instrument in the same space and within the same dimensions. Even timbre changes as musicians shift up and down the spectrum of their instruments, making it seem as if multiple kinds of instruments are being played by the same musician.<br />
So, why is it that these judges can't tell the flaws? Well, because they try to judge sound as if it was a point on a map. Once you get to that point, your sound is good. But an absolute sound is not a point. If that was the case, one of the two recordings in this video would be absolutely correct and the other absolutely wrong. Yet, both are correct.<br />
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A good sound judge would know that. Both recordings can in fact be reproduced equally well. But fantastically well would never mean that the sound seems to be within a little box, which is what the so called best cars in the world sound like.<br />
I suggest that these judges try to go to their nearest Wilson Audio dealer ASAP. They urgently need a reference. If the sales person actually let's them audition the speakers, they will hear how different these sound when compared to "the best cars in the world".<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipDAQT4S6NEdgsvXxiEgrhCWF80pIV7ue59VwzuGEtButJtiLc62AGeY78BfK-tGbYZ-sB281JQdkxjcbZXBDjEnN16juGQkNP4yCAnv-ra2eH4ZPwGF57nWfjUS16Hti7qF59OvTuU8Xg/s1600/Wilson+Audio+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipDAQT4S6NEdgsvXxiEgrhCWF80pIV7ue59VwzuGEtButJtiLc62AGeY78BfK-tGbYZ-sB281JQdkxjcbZXBDjEnN16juGQkNP4yCAnv-ra2eH4ZPwGF57nWfjUS16Hti7qF59OvTuU8Xg/s320/Wilson+Audio+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" width="320" /></a>I have nothing for or against the Wilson brand, other than I wish they were much cheaper. But Wilson makes a fantastic family of speakers that are not spatially limited as are all other mid-fi brands. Of course that there are other good brands (Vandersteen, etc). Look for speakers with great step and polar responses and don't get too worked up with tonality, which any boom box with a thirty band equalizer can do ok with. But do consider the Wilsons. I just think that Wilson's focus on tuning their dealer shops pays big dividends every time.<br />
But why not just listen to real music played life? Well, much of today's music is amplified, which means that you are at the expense of the many audio engineers with severe hearing loss that rule the world of pro-audio.<br />
Now that if you have the time and the passion for listing to life unamplified music, then be my guest. Nothing compares to it. Professional musicians work harder than anyone I know and deserve the patronage. Just keep in mind that the actual reference that you will build will not be a single event or a single point on the map, as I made reference to before.<br />
Instead, the real reference will be the memory of the beauty that real sound becomes.<br />
Also, remember that to create such beauty, professional musicians have to make an exponentially larger investment. So, when listening to reproduced sound that captures the bigness and the nuances of their work, also acknowledge the exponentially larger investment required to achieve it.<br />
In a nutshell, I think that today's sound off judges don't have either the knowledge or the guts to reward real high performance audio when they hear one. This is a shame because the tens of thousands of dollars invested by sound off competitors are being gambled through a random lottery system. It's all a real shame.albertoalopezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01993782226348320330noreply@blogger.com4Wellington, FL 33414, USA26.6374761 -80.243283926.5239371 -80.404645399999993 26.7510151 -80.0819224tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5773772622008994113.post-73881970965150060772015-08-31T01:06:00.001-04:002016-05-13T01:24:24.666-04:00Jay's Escort - Real British Pride<span style="font-size: large;">Want to see more? </span>Check out Jay Bow's Max Power article and then click on the video. But before, you may want to read my previous post about Jay Bow's family.<br />
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<i>All pictures are property of Max Power Magazine and are used exclusively for educational purposes.</i>albertoalopezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01993782226348320330noreply@blogger.com0United Kingdom55.378051 -3.4359729999999912.188302499999999 -86.05316049999999 90 79.18121450000001tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5773772622008994113.post-52120067403233566522015-08-31T00:28:00.001-04:002017-08-10T15:16:48.284-04:00A Family Business<div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Imagine doing what you love with those you love.</span> That was the case of the Bow family. Jim (dad), Geraldine (super mom), Jay (son) and Sasha (daughter) made up the most competitive sound off family in the United Kingdome. Their love for music was only matched by their love for their family.<br />
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When I entered the picture, they already had two very competitive cars that were winning right and left. Jay competed with his Ford Escort while Sasha run her Peugeot through the lanes. Both were very good. </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiyxVzRxihnqcm0nk4Ne3L1r7YeR5Uzel0So2y-4Gq1HLsaSm9tt4VrS5dartPgUhEp41ITvrN2_euzcjrnkgnleMvNFYMJjsJH5pEadB23cJvcoKEG1e90QXjHzj7OThGVKlHk4I5Vpff/s1600/027c.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="114" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiyxVzRxihnqcm0nk4Ne3L1r7YeR5Uzel0So2y-4Gq1HLsaSm9tt4VrS5dartPgUhEp41ITvrN2_euzcjrnkgnleMvNFYMJjsJH5pEadB23cJvcoKEG1e90QXjHzj7OThGVKlHk4I5Vpff/s200/027c.jpg" width="200" /></a>Soon after my arrival to England, we became acquainted. At the time they were supporting a competing importer. So our relationship was cordial but at arms length. Yet, things changed soon after I went to work for the company selling the products they promoted. </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyWcQ4LjmU-AQucUB-2bPU7-t35m6eeinlhgiEPe08pHQsbnsT0hGT0jOvRyMW8CeGY3hSLXbHIRYk4jz48RlSRyy_xBwBF8ejx7QkrWeeLDTF0DImAXwGjA1QChH94I0bbaaK1Ljk0nMC/s1600/027f.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="117" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyWcQ4LjmU-AQucUB-2bPU7-t35m6eeinlhgiEPe08pHQsbnsT0hGT0jOvRyMW8CeGY3hSLXbHIRYk4jz48RlSRyy_xBwBF8ejx7QkrWeeLDTF0DImAXwGjA1QChH94I0bbaaK1Ljk0nMC/s200/027f.jpg" width="200" /></a>After my move, I started coming to their incredibly gorgeous country house to watch Formula One races. Yes, not much NASCAR over at the old continent. Inevitably, the subject of improving their cars came up. I am not one to make people spend money for the heck of it. So I advised to keep the general structure of the cars and simply improve the areas that were either seriously under-performing or that had never been addressed at all before.<br />
Since I had completely fallen off the installation wagon, I was not to touch their cars. All the installation had to be done by someone else. It is a real shame but the name of the installer escapes me. If you know the name, please share it with me so I may give him proper credit.<br />
So, I was simply to design and to instruct the work. Then, when finished, I would help with the tuning. </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjb2H6AxMkfGHoczVIu3Wy5iT-nAS_-XspMYmwDyVbKcnXbY1H-6AOgES1moa6WSDA1U524VK-HCDuhIvQlRD1FkF00oQI_FBBsNbNWrqWXiXfSJQbL7u8MMMA62pKZnYfTAM0w1dOXKhOM/s1600/031c.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="119" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjb2H6AxMkfGHoczVIu3Wy5iT-nAS_-XspMYmwDyVbKcnXbY1H-6AOgES1moa6WSDA1U524VK-HCDuhIvQlRD1FkF00oQI_FBBsNbNWrqWXiXfSJQbL7u8MMMA62pKZnYfTAM0w1dOXKhOM/s200/031c.jpg" width="200" /></a>Nonetheless, I ended up breaking my promise since I did modify their electronics. As everybody knows, improving existing electronics is an art with very few participants to call for help. And since it is such an important aspect of a good system, I cave in. </div>
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As the days and weeks passed, the cars begun to take shape. Jay's Escort matured tremendously from a very good car to an incredible one. </div>
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Jay added waveguides. Lots of work had to be done to make their mounting surface rigid. Rigidity is something often overlooked by most, so called, professional installers. Many improperly confuse resin-over-felt with fiberglass, for example. They miss the fact that their concoction is missing the whole 'fiberglass' thing. just because the resin hardens into a glass looking rock, they think that it is the right stuff. Let's make it clear. if you take glass that is shaped as short strands and then you apply as little resin as possible, you now have fiberglass and not resin-ed felt. By the way, resin is a plastic.<br />
These lost souls also miss the natural rigidity of fiberglass; especially when used as a constriction layer within a composite structure. When rigidity is done well, speakers that already display a high degree of transparency become as airy as the best electrostatics or plasma drivers. Of course that tuning the mouth of the waveguides following the art-form initiated by the Holdaways was key.<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfZB6XUWbGK3NWz3hLjolmPH1ggEhMmcWt3_bZ91Iny3GHUU47dTOeB-MJ5TO15O-B1GIlfAs96bdhnChMfITykhJVcfvAXVqBaJR1vb5XXJh5D6V_r5eJSdrxBlEcuMZOnxmciz13ddxN/s1600/033e.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="228" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfZB6XUWbGK3NWz3hLjolmPH1ggEhMmcWt3_bZ91Iny3GHUU47dTOeB-MJ5TO15O-B1GIlfAs96bdhnChMfITykhJVcfvAXVqBaJR1vb5XXJh5D6V_r5eJSdrxBlEcuMZOnxmciz13ddxN/s320/033e.jpg" width="320" /></a>One of the problems often found with waveguides is the fact that it is hard to match their efficiency with that of most midbass systems. This is specially true when midbass drivers are placed on the doors. Considering an asymmetric seating position, which is normal in a car, it is inevitable to prevent synchronous right and left signals from canceling over a broad range of frequencies centered around 400 Hz. Bigger cars shift the cancelling range down slightly but still display the same phenomenon. </div>
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As should be expected, cancelling midbass at 400 Hz, just an octave below the crossover frequency of most waveguides, renders the combination useless at best. To solve this, we designed a system where the path length of the midbass drivers was greatly increased. This reduces the amplitude of the cancellation and moves it to a much lower frequency; one that can be much more effectively dealt with through the use of a rigid and well sized enclosure. But since the ideal location needed to satisfy these goals was the floor of the car, using an exceptional speaker with a low physical profile lead us to the incredible Dynaudio speakers. Too bad that this manufacturer seized to sell their raw drivers to the many high end enthusiasts who revered them.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgirO0NDuGUJE4cgZCowYVSHKV71yt16GnCBTJh2os4sjdqRodAB1oFQ7364gDfT6kCIfPcil790V4uttaCEvWVBZnVPabf6KmZHimnZ6OK8GQMhYjTSzkpLJIvvrA-qfK6QaL8oXGYTRmS/s1600/031e.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="281" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgirO0NDuGUJE4cgZCowYVSHKV71yt16GnCBTJh2os4sjdqRodAB1oFQ7364gDfT6kCIfPcil790V4uttaCEvWVBZnVPabf6KmZHimnZ6OK8GQMhYjTSzkpLJIvvrA-qfK6QaL8oXGYTRmS/s320/031e.jpg" width="320" /></a>But what to do when you cover most of the musical range with incredibly well executed speakers? You match them with similar bass speakers located in the ideal location: the doors. To do this, the doors must be seriously rigid. We all have sat in cars where the doors vibrate. The feeling is terrible. Jay's car was the exception. This left the Dynaudio woofers to do their magic. When used in front of the listener, woofers tend to no longer bump. Listen to a high end home audio system, one where the speakers cost more than say $50,000. Notice that the bass is not the usual car audio bumpy sound. In fact, there seems to be no more bass; just instruments reaching all the way into infra-bass. This is why I love bass on the doors so much. It is so transparent that you can play it much louder in absolute terms and still sound boom-free. You see, bass in any other place in the car is coupled to the vehicle's surfaces and crevices. This coupling increases efficiency but at the cost of increasing audible color. Such color is what car guys recognize as bass. It is just that they have never heard real unamplified music. So, it is often hard to get this sort of bass to score as well as it should if other things are not in place. But when everything is right on, the degree of transparency leaves even the most skeptic of them all feeling a high degree of insecurity from daring to lower any of the sound scores. As a result, judges eventually come around.</div>
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To make all these speakers work, we deployed the best in conductor material and cable geometry I knew at the time. I know that many car guys think that car-wire is more than enough and that there is no right argument for the use of expensive home cables. I agree with them that I too don't like to pay a lot for anything. But where we disagree is on the issue of giving up performance just because the good stuff is more money than the garbage. I have conducted dozens of blind audience listening sessions where neophytes had to identify A or B in an A, B, C comparison. While they were often unable to eloquently explain the difference in performance, what they could easily see was the fact that there was a difference. So much for expert disagreement. </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNkEpAAJ6jKlHCiZDCCbPB448U5zL7HR5Tg22FJPdooQ5JY_4cmkPaPheTBLyG31Q0YbtMlDT16MSwrOQYirqIiLeV7-QD2EHyHmKVTggLLR3PVeqaZuzTqARNszQRCacg1D8C1ZFKlSZm/s1600/031i.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNkEpAAJ6jKlHCiZDCCbPB448U5zL7HR5Tg22FJPdooQ5JY_4cmkPaPheTBLyG31Q0YbtMlDT16MSwrOQYirqIiLeV7-QD2EHyHmKVTggLLR3PVeqaZuzTqARNszQRCacg1D8C1ZFKlSZm/s320/031i.jpg" width="320" /></a>In the case of Jay's car, both interconnects and speaker cables were over-built to display proper characteristic impedance and dampening factor. We made sure to reduce inductance in all cable applications to a minimum while keeping capacitance in check. Also, things like skin-effect-induced electron migration and quantum electron tunneling were deciding factors when selecting materials. </div>
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Then came the electronics. I already said that everything was hot-rodded. If I only told you that the 30 band Lanzar equalizer operated at such high bias that it run very hot to the touch at all times. Translation, this close-to-class-A performance made the eq very sweet. It was very much like a tube equalizer would sound. </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhb5utqtf32D-4sFW8hyBu_b_Hrzhov59ET83JjgIIJ_18mP3qo01kZuoSgWty3igfM4RUiMNjXXWnQVKRh24zUMQNGzpDdF1NGKRfXsiy4aN2A6NKpFaCehV89hImYhjpElYW9aVfNwdT3/s1600/033d.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhb5utqtf32D-4sFW8hyBu_b_Hrzhov59ET83JjgIIJ_18mP3qo01kZuoSgWty3igfM4RUiMNjXXWnQVKRh24zUMQNGzpDdF1NGKRfXsiy4aN2A6NKpFaCehV89hImYhjpElYW9aVfNwdT3/s200/033d.jpg" width="111" /></a>But the sound improvements actually started at the source. No, I am not talking about the head unit. </div>
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There was none. There was only a display at the dash and a pair of door-mounted controls anywhere near the listeners. </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0BzwsxqjAgz9B2laKeQWMOnRz9uXziyAspCEI8V87iBy_gbaJYhenD_mnuos3flTm5NnmqnFRNHQjSrQKSFFFjpGyaDdTjsIcTAKlM9ucIIaBShT48rD8hV25_K3Yb2dp0xeeLEHpEZie/s1600/031d.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0BzwsxqjAgz9B2laKeQWMOnRz9uXziyAspCEI8V87iBy_gbaJYhenD_mnuos3flTm5NnmqnFRNHQjSrQKSFFFjpGyaDdTjsIcTAKlM9ucIIaBShT48rD8hV25_K3Yb2dp0xeeLEHpEZie/s200/031d.jpg" width="184" /></a>No, the source was instead one of the changers in the back. The transport picked the digital signal and, after buffering it with a high bias precision op-amp, it sent it away from the factory circuitry and towards a custom preamplifier located just two inches-of-wire away. The Lanzar six channel preamp was gutted. The larger than normal power supply was made more stable. Then, rather than using stereo op-amps, precision mono units where used. </div>
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The high power supply rails and their low impedance made it possible to operate the opamp at an insanely high voltage output level. We are talking well into the double digits and without attenuation throughout the system components. The motorized volume controls were placed right before the amplifier's pre-drive. </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZ_Xln8u7pFzm3Hxh3cYRsyYh1CS1QXOM4R5os_k8BOXIjO3RWwCNqpXzqkbK2rNqFpuVyRd-JjNOuqBCEhP5jJO2mEsJOKgUq0j6x_H2Ru-xFXFWc52RdZx6OGNjtddizYsW4V991OEuw/s1600/027e.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZ_Xln8u7pFzm3Hxh3cYRsyYh1CS1QXOM4R5os_k8BOXIjO3RWwCNqpXzqkbK2rNqFpuVyRd-JjNOuqBCEhP5jJO2mEsJOKgUq0j6x_H2Ru-xFXFWc52RdZx6OGNjtddizYsW4V991OEuw/s320/027e.jpg" width="320" /></a>This made the already quiet surface-mount Rockford amplifiers even more scary. It also meant that there was no Punch curve, Fader, Bass & Treble controls, etc., throughout the system, to damage the integrity of the music signal. The noise floor was also very, very impressive. Musical instruments would float in space surrounded by nothing more than the room they were recorded in. The short signal paths and attention to every capacitor, wire, inductor and connector detail resulted in waveguides that sounded smooth before being equalized. Anyone who knows about waveguides knows that these are beasts that must be tamed or else run the risk of constant threat. Waveguise love to eat listeners.<br />
Well, not in Jay's car. His sound was as smooth as that from the best softdomes. No matter how much each equalizer band was increased or decreased, the constant system characteristic was that of total smoothness. Yes, rare indeed!<br />
As I left the British kingdom to pursue other goals, things went very well for the cars at first. Unfortunately, the family later went through tragedy. Geraldine, the gravitational center of the family's soul, passed away. This broke everybody's heart, but specially those from her husband and kids. For all of us, Geraldine was as warm and mild as anyone can be. For her family, she was as stable and robust as the time-tested Greek columns that still support the Parthenon. No one like Geraldine.<br />
Jim moved with the kids to his homeland of Australia. The love for each other remains strong, just as mom would have wanted it. But their sound-off years went to become just a memory; albeit a fantastic one. The Bow's will for ever be my friends no matter where they live. The three of them and their mom are perpetually in my heart.</div>
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<i>All pictures are property of Max Power Magazine and are used exclusively for educational purposes.</i>albertoalopezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01993782226348320330noreply@blogger.com0West Sussex, UK50.851041129659492 -1.093139648437550.530747629659494 -1.7385866484374999 51.171334629659491 -0.4476926484375tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5773772622008994113.post-17291808965586703562015-04-18T01:11:00.000-04:002015-04-18T01:11:48.348-04:00Low Stage Part 02 - A case of Lobing<span style="font-size: large;">At the very least, matching tweeters mounted on the "A" pillars with mids installed in the kick panels is a terribly risky idea. </span><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDYeUZiHERJ310awAwns4i_tvuNxiZ_5LkDt3czyoQupZmUcEkhl3YLVr_yvLvLmb6GqzFguavMNctVWL2rxqDynofnufMY3X85pLC1aBFXB3ubWOHEDJJr3I7STgrRN0Kor_AFW5V2Awr/s1600/Tweeter+on+A+pilar+-+Alberto+A+Lopez+.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDYeUZiHERJ310awAwns4i_tvuNxiZ_5LkDt3czyoQupZmUcEkhl3YLVr_yvLvLmb6GqzFguavMNctVWL2rxqDynofnufMY3X85pLC1aBFXB3ubWOHEDJJr3I7STgrRN0Kor_AFW5V2Awr/s1600/Tweeter+on+A+pilar+-+Alberto+A+Lopez+.jpg" height="157" width="320" /></a>Why, then, is it that so many cars use the technique so successfully? Well, it all depends with what you call successful.<br />
In <i><a href="http://audio2music.blogspot.com/2014/01/low-stage-part-01-two-speakers.html" target="_blank">Low Stage Part 01 - Two Speakers</a></i>, I tackle some of the myths about fixing perceived stage height. In this second part I will further comment on the challenges resulting from the system's lobing patterns.<br />
Sound judges today, seem to have forgotten that live music is large. Instead, they award higher scores to systems projecting caricature-like images. The more violins seem minuscule in size, the sharper the image these judges think it to be.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPYj57VUIDUJyvkjntLqxsxmsJ8Zv707B2w4WS-dpF7UVIbyy5Gu2Qn4JYWOfOowJPgoAQTyfcsT6cqWIOh94rOqeOcmf7_sUDk_BIhvzFp3xBEGErh3uVH1v5N72gwH2lTuEBYGCoB-B7/s1600/Miniature+Instruments+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="image of a mouse playing a miniature bass on top of a car dash" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPYj57VUIDUJyvkjntLqxsxmsJ8Zv707B2w4WS-dpF7UVIbyy5Gu2Qn4JYWOfOowJPgoAQTyfcsT6cqWIOh94rOqeOcmf7_sUDk_BIhvzFp3xBEGErh3uVH1v5N72gwH2lTuEBYGCoB-B7/s1600/Miniature+Instruments+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" height="179" title="Sound judges today, seem to have forgotten that live music is large. Instead, they award higher scores to systems projecting caricature-like images. The more violins seem minuscule in size, the sharper the image these judges think it to be. " width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Miniature Instruments</td></tr>
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These judges equate small with sharply outlined. But image sharpness comes from transparency rather than size. It is only after removing many layers of veil that we get to see the difference between the suspended instrument and the empty space around it. Closing our eyes while listening to great quality unamplified music demonstrates this. But if asked whether these sound judges routinely listen to real unamplified music, the response is that of an empty stare. Just think about it, even the Boston Pops amplify most of their performances. It is getting harder and harder to listen to the magic that comes from real good musicians playing real good instruments without ElectroVoice ruining the presentation.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj34oBEXI8J2yJsW4MY2y3652d_Ju10m9DN07wIj9IZbKmBb27TOmyL2-31EFnYGLIadlz_ncKDHeWbuyIo4Mn2RyjfZxpU3912Du6xRRI_LYNi0kMSw6XWBjTJp9KWnrKb-Twu8JXKWe7x/s1600/Sarah+Brightman+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj34oBEXI8J2yJsW4MY2y3652d_Ju10m9DN07wIj9IZbKmBb27TOmyL2-31EFnYGLIadlz_ncKDHeWbuyIo4Mn2RyjfZxpU3912Du6xRRI_LYNi0kMSw6XWBjTJp9KWnrKb-Twu8JXKWe7x/s1600/Sarah+Brightman+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" height="112" width="200" /></a></div>
I remember going to listen to Sarah Brightman. The beautiful lady captivated me from the moment I first listened to her music. So, when I had a chance, I paid for the tickets. Armed with excitement, I listened attentively. So can you imagine my surprise when her sound was flat and brittle? It was terrible. Whatever the sound engineer was doing, I hoped would end immediately. Surely his acid trip and the loss of high frequency sensitivity made it impossible for him to understand what good sound was. But then again, maybe I was being hypercritical. Then came intermission. As the lights came on, dozens of people around me begun to complain about the terribly bright sound. It seems I was not alone in my conclusion that the sound sucked. How sad indeed.<br />
The bottom line is that when asked about how to earn critical listening skills, I tell people to just listen to real music. It is that good when compared to the garbage we are now exposed to.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0AQ495c7ILef2dx5mv4KrSpzJVpasN3hjksWKMMoN99nmcx1qiAtJ_ylET4INnj1YXJa8D9liyI3CZMndwGFsK1CYrO2bb0_r8MKvLKKz0FtAcVeodtPLJ1SA_8ZqPJRwgOjtjoxXO-X9/s1600/Grand+Piano+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0AQ495c7ILef2dx5mv4KrSpzJVpasN3hjksWKMMoN99nmcx1qiAtJ_ylET4INnj1YXJa8D9liyI3CZMndwGFsK1CYrO2bb0_r8MKvLKKz0FtAcVeodtPLJ1SA_8ZqPJRwgOjtjoxXO-X9/s1600/Grand+Piano+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" height="136" width="320" /></a></div>
When I audition a system, I pay lots of attention to the size of the instruments. Properly aligning speakers will inevitably result in larger, deeper images. It is this quest that makes me conclude that most systems with speakers on the "A" pillars fail the time domain test. While placing speakers like tweeters up high helps with the perceived image height, it does nothing to create realistically sized instruments. Have you ever listened to a grand piano. The sound is as large as a room. But most car audio systems, even the better ones, shrink instrument dimensions in the pursuit of so called image definition as they define it.<br />
On the other hand, a system using properly time corrected speakers will do both, large instrument size and solid image height. It is interesting to note that the time correction I am referring to is independent of speaker positioning. In other words, I am not against speakers on the "A" pillars. I am against using them as a way to patch fundamental problems without properly addressing such issues directly. Most system designers path their height issues and completely miss the fact that inadequate time response has killed any hope at realistic image dimensions. Soon a self fulfilling prophesy is created where judges begin to reward poor performance with higher scores because of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herd_mentality" target="_blank">herd behavior</a>.<br />
At a recent Consumer Electronics Show, I spent time with my friends Chris and Melissa Owen at their high end room. Orca had lent them speakers sporting their latest design. To be clear, the speakers looked fantastically finished. Moreover, these deployed really good drivers from Orca's arsenal. But as soon as Chris fired up the system for me, I told him that the crossover had problems that were creating comb-filtering. It seems as if the designer, like many others within the industry, used 12dB/oct parallel crossovers between drivers mounted on a surface that stood perpendicular to the floor. Anyone who pays attention to this stuff would know that this was trouble waiting to happen. But for the many who think that amplitude linearity is all that matters, the speakers were fine, just as their LEAP modeling software had predicted. So, as we move onto the car, consider that the problems I will address are also ubiquitous in home speakers. Again, it's a bit of a herd problem.<br />
I recently showed a dear friend what happens when a tweeter on the "A" pillars is matched with midrange speakers in the kick panels. I used modeling software that is freely distributed. Oh, how I wish I had these tools when I started in the industry. Back then I had to interpret all the multidimensional variables while trying to make sense of what I was listening. I used no equipment when designing passive crossovers; just my trusted ears.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAN4d-kmGjziWPSBGPPfaxaa15vBNwWxiXlpvqS2sjB6JiwCzfAz2OBMP1vTOhtaHyRVJ2sq2NWPkEraGv4_o62I-2UoWznjQvTrgcH4UduDAviflWhSZbSY6CJmll7HvVxboPlDkVMgyS/s1600/A+Pillar+polar+response+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAN4d-kmGjziWPSBGPPfaxaa15vBNwWxiXlpvqS2sjB6JiwCzfAz2OBMP1vTOhtaHyRVJ2sq2NWPkEraGv4_o62I-2UoWznjQvTrgcH4UduDAviflWhSZbSY6CJmll7HvVxboPlDkVMgyS/s1600/A+Pillar+polar+response+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" height="223" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Polar response for tweeters in "A" pillars and mids in kick panels</td></tr>
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Take a look at the illustration above. It models what the polar response would be for a system with a tweeter mounted on the "A"pillars while the mids are in the kick panels. The crossover uses a 12dB/oct sloped at a frequency of 3.5KHz. Note that both of these settings are quite common in the industry. As it should be immediately evident, destructive interference would make it very difficult to find a listening position where spectral performance could be maximized. Just move your head an inch or so and all dimensional sense will evaporate. This kind of lobing error seems to correlate with poor vertical spread or instrument size; no matter whether in a car or a home system. In fact, one is often surprised of how many so called high end speakers display poor polar response. For many of them, tilting the speaker backwards would solve the issues. This explains why there are so many speaker platform designers that facilitate just such tilt without risking that the speakers fall backwards. It is an expensive way to correct what could otherwise be handled at the design stage. Unfortunately, the problems depicted here are much more gruesome. No amount of tilt will fix them. Either the distance between the drivers needs to be reduced or the crossover point should come down in frequency by quite a bit.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZMZJ4jmlpUHC6houwCIRKTiLuvSY6s_yaaCuylLjjKcBDJGPKCf3ralfxXd72kr8-hkhghbEVK5q30rpsUYSK462jjzkdgLPS3o0lI98nXFpmzN2uaKfWb22ufirsRzDm8mCXxlI_QQ4B/s1600/Kicks+polar+response+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZMZJ4jmlpUHC6houwCIRKTiLuvSY6s_yaaCuylLjjKcBDJGPKCf3ralfxXd72kr8-hkhghbEVK5q30rpsUYSK462jjzkdgLPS3o0lI98nXFpmzN2uaKfWb22ufirsRzDm8mCXxlI_QQ4B/s1600/Kicks+polar+response+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" height="223" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Polar response for tweeter and mid in kick panels</td></tr>
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Now look at the second illustration for what happens when both drivers are located side by side to each other in the kick panel. Crossover frequency and slope remain the same. The only aspect worth noting is that to fix the problems associated with the 12dB/Oct design the tweeter has to be physically located on a plane behind that of the mid. This helps til the lobe upwards to ensure that maximum spacial performance occurs anywhere a common listener would place her head.<br />
And if in need of further clarification, the second set up would also project images at eye level. The main difference is that images from the latter setup would be much larger, just as God intended.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJm2BEIkrrr_RQzsDg1AlDeA2o6NGcJNvcx2OMJRwTSmGNi5gHZK2TBcOtS1b3SVj1847E31PO4BU72zbf0aNfZvam_V1yHhTaaQmlIKklB-ol1ydaJ8Xf_t7YZsQ6CsU_JPvXYnRD-k3E/s1600/Kicks+plus+A+Pillars+at+10000+Hz+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJm2BEIkrrr_RQzsDg1AlDeA2o6NGcJNvcx2OMJRwTSmGNi5gHZK2TBcOtS1b3SVj1847E31PO4BU72zbf0aNfZvam_V1yHhTaaQmlIKklB-ol1ydaJ8Xf_t7YZsQ6CsU_JPvXYnRD-k3E/s1600/Kicks+plus+A+Pillars+at+10000+Hz+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" height="320" width="160" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Polar Response at 10KHz between <br />tweeters in the "A" pillars and kick panels</td></tr>
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Again, I am not saying that height is wrong when using tweeters on the "A" pillars. I am simply clarifying that by themselves, they are no solution. The same attention to detail needed for properly setting up speakers in the kick panels will be needed with speakers mounted above the dash. Furthermore, to prevent the negative effects from comb-filtering, a less common slope should be matched with a lower crossover point aside from proper time adjustments.<br />
And while we are on the subject, what do you think happens wen people use both drivers in the kick panels and then add a second set of tweeters on the "A" pillars to "lift" the sound. Often, well intended attempts use a higher frequency high pass filter for the tweeters mounted above the dash. Well, chaos is what happens. Look at the illustration to the left. It represents what happens at 10KHz with a 6dB/Oct highpass slope for a tweeter mounted on the "A" pillar and matched to a tweeter in the kick panel. It begs the question of how in the hell would one expect reliable performance; forget about good sound, just getting the same sound all the time would be a bonus.<br />
Can anyone hear the difference? Yes. Can anyone know what's wrong with the music? No, In simple terms, the change is visceral. We just know it's wrong. These types of problems tend to fatigue us quickly.<br />
Are the issues discussed correctable? Yes, but only when the constraints are understood. Unfortunately, many industry designers miss the science side of sound and attempt to solve everything as if it was all an art. While music is certainly an art, we should not waste valuable creative time on things better left to our tools. I hope you found this post as helpful.albertoalopezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01993782226348320330noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5773772622008994113.post-16828559641032747262015-04-17T03:00:00.000-04:002015-05-10T13:42:18.348-04:00Reflected Sound as the Cause of All Car-Audio Evil<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3P0TzsxeP89bijwL4UcpJxltYyyKcjNDowfWjKsEsp58M7qtAj0QXygbg4NBoVXXdlexK0H8b97mjPj5OiqZThKWR6gSNvYU0tVCackQ_1iX7wkPsDCwEXo3rZXPYhqHnh3FTrax8Nmak/s1600/Direct+Sound+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="illustration of direct and reflected waves between a speaker and a listener" border="0" height="154" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3P0TzsxeP89bijwL4UcpJxltYyyKcjNDowfWjKsEsp58M7qtAj0QXygbg4NBoVXXdlexK0H8b97mjPj5OiqZThKWR6gSNvYU0tVCackQ_1iX7wkPsDCwEXo3rZXPYhqHnh3FTrax8Nmak/s1600/Direct+Sound+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" title="Ridiculous! Some argue that reflected sound is utterly undesirable within the car. They use this to support their thesis that speakers on "A" pillars are the only way to reproduce good sound. " width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Is Reflected Sound Evil?</td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Ridiculous! </span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">Some argue that reflected sound is utterly undesirable within the car. They use this to support their thesis that speakers on "A" pillars are the only way to reproduce good sound. </span><br />
In my <i><a href="http://audio2music.blogspot.com/2014/01/low-stage-part-01-two-speakers.html" target="_blank">Low Stage Part 01 - Two Speakers</a></i> post I addressed the issue of perceived height. I directly targeted the argument often made that real acoustic performance is only possible by using speakers mounted on the "A" pillars. Well, recently, it seems that the autosound competition circuit has been getting further addicted to the same Kool-Aid. This time, though, I would like to address the argument that speakers on the "A" pillars are superior because of their ability to deliver direct sound and that all other installation methods will fail due to their reflected sound character.<br />
Unfortunately, the optimistic souls that make such argument miss centuries of empirical historic evidence and thousands of modern sound reproduction methods that would negate their argument.<br />
To start, a vehicle is such a small enclosure that it would be a stretch to think that the reflected sound of even those speakers mounted on "A" pillars lack a substantial amount of reflected sound. Whether from the immediate surrounding boundaries like the windshield or windows, the signature sound of any car is very different from that of even small home rooms because of the large amplitude of the reflected energy present within vehicles. I remember auditioning a vehicle with pods for a set of Dynaudio tweeter and mid built onto the "A" pillars. The amount of energy that coupled to the surface of the near-side window was so large that getting anything to image was everything but impossible. And that says nothing about the poor tonal color created by the coupling. Perfectly great drivers were made mediocre. I happen to know Dynaudios very well and immediately sensed something was very wrong. In essence, the windshield pods' response was heavily influenced by their reflected energy, which is what creates the coupling I mentioned.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBjtTIyYWoZCm_Ct5TIiyih5Zj7pvD2oKNqKka2O0Zc-23U2VkGYx-96DdcoMYZc6po6eFoHod5TX-MHAoXcr0dUB8Dy1c_H8CROqiSJNe7WyIVj8zes1HT2eWkW_V3L3_Iz19xxPQsXFA/s1600/French+Horns+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Black and White Picture of French Horn musicians" border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBjtTIyYWoZCm_Ct5TIiyih5Zj7pvD2oKNqKka2O0Zc-23U2VkGYx-96DdcoMYZc6po6eFoHod5TX-MHAoXcr0dUB8Dy1c_H8CROqiSJNe7WyIVj8zes1HT2eWkW_V3L3_Iz19xxPQsXFA/s1600/French+Horns+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" title="French Horns are routinely played towards the back of the stage. Therefore, it is their reflected sound that we listen to when we audition any of the great orchestral works that we love so much. It should therefore be noted that I have yet to hear complains from any professional musician about the quality of the sound of rear firing French Horns. " width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">French Horns mostly do reflected sound</td></tr>
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Then there is the issue that reflected sound is much more common that it gets credit for by detractors. For example, next time you go to listen to your local symphonic orchestra, pay attention to French Horns. French Horns are routinely played towards the back of the stage. Therefore, it is their reflected sound that we listen to when we audition any of the great orchestral works that we love so much.<br />
It should therefore be noted that I have yet to hear complains from any professional musician about the quality of the sound of rear firing French Horns. Besides, I doubt anyone in car audio would claim to have better hearing than those who receive great incomes as compensation for their more than ten thousand hours of commitment to playing music. In fact, if such was the case and reflected sound was clearly objectionable, more than one of the many liberal orchestra conductors out there would have made immediate changes. But as it turns out, French Horns have a nice and pleasant characteristic sound. Could it be that their reflected energy is pleasing rather than objectionable?<br />
Don't take me wrong, I have nothing against direct sound. My home speakers, which I designed presumably in a way I endorse, use direct sound as the core of their design. It is just that I also don't have anything against reflected sound either. In fact, I am comfortable with both. No threats to my self confidence here. Whether the direct sound is dominant or not, I am happy with whatever it is, so long as it sounds great.<br />
Yes, I know that someone could argue that they can easily tell that French Horns are reflecting their acoustic energy. After all, they sound larger than they should, based strictly on their physical size. When reflected, sound waves seem to emanate from an array rather than a single point. In other words, their wave front is more parallel than concentric. But the same thing happens when waves originate from sources located afar. If it were not for the loss of energy as the wave travels, these long distance sources would present a parallel wave front. Moreover, aren't arrays used in plenty of direct sound applications? So what would the difference be between a reflected wave that now looks like that from an array and an actual wave resulting from an array?<br />
In any case, outside of describing sound as seeming larger, it would be very difficult for someone to argue that their physiology has made them capable of differentiating between a concentric wave front and a parallel one. Let's remember that all circles are made up from tangential lines. If in doubt, check your Calculus books for a refresher.<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNDSP-y8nZR0MoFQyhli0ZGReVrKMWOUt_zyZKiOhNJ-Wr2cRSAsOjMR0YPepneDAqKl3jG5Q4IgUGSkfs-bK2G9J7hyNuNa8hcWyTz-Wu2mq7zzJKgU8TypKJA_eGzUf4wN4q7m5CwYiI/s1600/Trumpet+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img alt="Picture of a trumpet player" border="0" height="150" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNDSP-y8nZR0MoFQyhli0ZGReVrKMWOUt_zyZKiOhNJ-Wr2cRSAsOjMR0YPepneDAqKl3jG5Q4IgUGSkfs-bK2G9J7hyNuNa8hcWyTz-Wu2mq7zzJKgU8TypKJA_eGzUf4wN4q7m5CwYiI/s1600/Trumpet+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" title="James Feltenberger, the fabulous Dallas Symphony trumpeter, gave me the honor of listening to his fantastic trumpets played a few inches from my face. " width="320" /></a>Now let's go back in time to Dallas, Texas. Some time ago, James Feltenberger, the fabulous Dallas Symphony trumpeter, gave me the honor of listening to his fantastic trumpets played a few inches from my face. At the time, I anticipated getting my ears ripped off. After all James has quite the lungs and trumpets are often regarded as bright instruments. But to my surprise, I never reached anywhere near the threshold of pain. On the contrary, the sound was sweet and full-bodied.<br />
What? Am I implying that trumpets are not bright? And what body am I talking about? Don't trumpets just have a thin metal pipe bent a few times? Well, yes and yes. Trumpets, at least when played by real musicians like James, are warm despite lacking a large wooden resonator like those from Violins or Cellos. It was clear that the direct energy coming from the front of the trumpet was far from being the only defining factor of the resulting sound. The rest of the metallic pipeline energized the room just as much, but in an omni-directional fashion.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><a href="http://www.mbl-northamerica.com/products/reference-line/" target="_blank"><img alt="Picture of MBL's 101 X-treme omnidirectional speaker" border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDVmLVLWFlNhxfHaZ59A4Mz2eq2WdrAdpR8LXG_w-4TI6OW7m9o2yi8pPTINvtVyZS3ZDDZIi-AwhShZjTyajh9IhOs6E_t9DHlcGmZla55hYmmU9T29FVu7_HYkorwppKLgspm7CI23dm/s1600/MBL+101+Streme+Omnidirectional+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" title="MBL speakers use an innovative design that results in omnidirectional speakers of incredible speed." width="198" /></a></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.mbl-northamerica.com/products/reference-line/" target="_blank">MBL 101 Omnidirectional Speaker</a></td></tr>
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So how is it that most sound systems don't reproduce trumpets as I am describing? Well, the answer may be that those systems are simply not transparent enough. But if in doubt, I can undeniably certify that James was not hiding any cheese-ball Bose speakers anywhere in the room as he played music for me. Sorry for offending cheese-balls. I digressed.<br />
So, we have looked at the fact that professional musicians use reflected sound without much fuzz. We also explored how even small-body instruments like trumpets strongly energize space in an omni-directional fashion rather than a just a direct one. This explains why there is a large number of uber expensive home speakers that sport omni-directionality as their main feature. Enter the German made MBL 101. I am sure that more than one car guy missed this engineering beauty. And then there are plasma speakers which, besides being omni-directional, are also quite rare.<br />
It is now time to look at the venue. There are generally two types of orchestral theaters: large and small. Their size generally depends on the era when they were built. Most small theaters were built after the middle ages. Since Baroque groups were made up from a few players and lacked percussion or grand pianos, there was a need for theaters that would amplify their music. So, the horse-shoe shaped theater was born.<br />
Later as more and more Opera was enjoyed through out the old continent, these small horse shoe theaters served well to those attempting to transfer a broad range of the musical notes emanating from their mouth. It is generally accepted that these theaters project a beautiful sound. Whether talking about the European originals or their more modern copies built in say, Guanajuato, Mexico, I can attest to their great warm sound.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><a href="http://miesbcn.com/" target="_blank"><img alt="picture of Miss Van Der Rohe's Barcelona pavilion" border="0" height="164" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilkODcgl4E9WtsbfSA357SHKElv4Mh1Yrm2VzJTexYR_Vc9FPB7PFy2ZTBDtB-ORebf4Z2GZLENSbBsbRW9waCzqZVFNwUqIBvlhrp3Zocs6_jFmuADRhGqoClqqFdxcyXA0QBw3HgaP0a/s1600/Barcelona+Pavillion+Mies+Van+Der+Rohe+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" title="Bauhaus architecture offers large open spaces." width="320" /></a></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://miesbcn.com/" target="_blank">Mies Van Der Rohe's Barcelona Pavilion</a></td></tr>
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Then orchestras begun to get massive. 19th century composers started to pump up the dynamic range while blasting the sound to 10. To accomplish this, they needed lots of violins and flutes. They also added quite a bit of percussion and big Pianos. So, theaters had to get bigger. And since architecture had also changed, theaters where no longer built as horse-shoes with balconies heavily decorated in golden stuff; a la Donald Trump.<br />
Instead, do you remember Mies Van Der Rohe's Barcelona pavilion and the whole Bauhaus architectural style? Big open spaces, large concrete surfaces and lots of metal created the look that has influenced most modern music halls since.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><a href="http://www.southbankcentre.co.uk/venues/royal-festival-hall" target="_blank"><img alt="Inside picture of the Royal Festival Hall in London" border="0" height="138" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-rwT-1s47uYONI8OfcbpLN-JS82KKuu9qu7wZoUh1nnpwKJQnc90SIWgUqP8zOan28cLQmfACETcEetCRthubztuCimjefkbmeFHEUWlHuqyS5uzV8CwxOiP0ZQcEoI1iiKQVmXmIHMjz/s1600/Royal+Festival+Hall+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" title="While in England, I spent quite a bit of time doing critical listening as a wondering member of the audience at the Royal Festival Hall in London. " width="320" /></a></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.southbankcentre.co.uk/venues/royal-festival-hall" target="_blank">Royal Festival Hall, London, UK</a></td></tr>
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While in England, I spent quite a bit of time doing critical listening as a wondering member of the audience at the Royal Festival Hall in London. Let me tell you, the warmth of the old theaters disappears as soon as yo step into one of these newer beasts. But by no means does it mean that the new sound houses are bad; many are fantastic. The good ones sound very open and fast. They are simply not as warm as Baroque venues.<br />
The main difference comes from the fact that in post medieval theaters direct sound takes a second seat to reflected sound (pun intended).<br />
While warmth happens within modern theaters for listeners located at the very back of the balcony section, old theater magic happens for all listeners. Baroque theaters seem to use the whole theater in a similar fashion to how a guitar uses its resonant box. The sound is amplified and its color changes. I think that it is almost impossible, without any comparative reference, to judge exactly how much of the resulting sound comes from reflected energy and how much from direct sound.<br />
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<b>Sample 1:</b></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8TJFtLMW5Rc8TX1UQ5F_JR_O2PuZjZyqTOkfQQTgneIpDwJrGFXO_bftIpf9WLdUHxc8WmP7VhPB-7eB45btWIdlXKq5fCS339VhpiiFguBbUGaOP1voKpvkp6fgCFvW0qU245N3lQBHQ/s1600/Near+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img alt="Chart of Impulse response with predominant direct energy" border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8TJFtLMW5Rc8TX1UQ5F_JR_O2PuZjZyqTOkfQQTgneIpDwJrGFXO_bftIpf9WLdUHxc8WmP7VhPB-7eB45btWIdlXKq5fCS339VhpiiFguBbUGaOP1voKpvkp6fgCFvW0qU245N3lQBHQ/s1600/Near+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" title="Up close, direct sound is dominant." width="128" /></a><iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dzSGhePNR-zYbr40S9DnCsGjhR4fylIl913qDkgGa3utf-i4hRdkku72zUMjjAwcV0jF1Kna1s7oikZHK7FUA' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div>
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<b>Sample 2:</b><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXcB9oS-3LV-Pe6rz28LGFQ9hr9ZLBgxmip1X7GGmK0PSzq15j1RAXSKb0FghY6q_FlbYus-dQPYZXa22VRgITK0pTqekUA57DCjK8M24ZA8mDyAad8I3c3TeC3SWYDWRPGGY_tXgVbUHB/s1600/Royal+Box+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img alt="Chart of Impulse response with predominant reflected energy" border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXcB9oS-3LV-Pe6rz28LGFQ9hr9ZLBgxmip1X7GGmK0PSzq15j1RAXSKb0FghY6q_FlbYus-dQPYZXa22VRgITK0pTqekUA57DCjK8M24ZA8mDyAad8I3c3TeC3SWYDWRPGGY_tXgVbUHB/s1600/Royal+Box+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" title="In old horse-shoe shaped theaters, reflected sound is much more prevalent than direct sound for those seating in their luxurious baloneys. . " width="128" /></a><iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dzR4RHaI0EgZb8_mAm4MHOe6-sYJ_MwQJPxe26XS49tuMFqkuggktYHhL3mMsMBXqh1BfcTsQC_RPnLWosP_w' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div>
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Listen to these two sound samples here. They were captured by recording a gunshot inside the San Carlo Opera House in Naples, Italy, at two different seats. For sample one, the microphone was positioned a few feet from the stage. For the second sample, the microphone was positioned inside the most prestigious of locations within this very well loved Opera hall: the royal box. The theater is known for its incredibly sweet acoustics. Plenty of Operas have been enjoyed by audiences for centuries.<br />
Without listening to sample one, would you be able to certify whether the dominant energy is direct or reflected? Look at the charts. Reflected energy is, as a matter of fact, what dominates the impulse graph.<br />
Only after directly comparing both samples would most audiences note the difference in decay and distribution in energy. This means that without any preconceptions or the ability to change seats, royal guests would have experienced a much richer and musically engaging acoustic presentation that left nothing to complain about.<br />
Evidence corroborates this statement. For centuries, no one has complained about the lack of direct sound present in these acoustic venues. Which means that either direct sound is not all that it is claimed to be or that millions of people who listened to real music, in ways we only read about today, were wrong. After all, what would they know, right? Without modern MP3 players they surely missed the best sound possible, right? ... Not.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTv3lMDP69MASH9e90q3mqMuNO1ZxaW3wTLuC8BlFIaNOsyPrFawPSep_ddYsEXBJBaIHgiZ2QqjKK-Ak_wqmu3JyYLRAo6O3iZG4rgZv7HbpZaEkON_umfUd4s5OkTWTdNd3jln07XcSt/s1600/Veritas+Waveguides+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Picture of Veritas Waveguide" border="0" height="100" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTv3lMDP69MASH9e90q3mqMuNO1ZxaW3wTLuC8BlFIaNOsyPrFawPSep_ddYsEXBJBaIHgiZ2QqjKK-Ak_wqmu3JyYLRAo6O3iZG4rgZv7HbpZaEkON_umfUd4s5OkTWTdNd3jln07XcSt/s1600/Veritas+Waveguides+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" title="With the exception of the Illusion waveguides, all other were purveyors of more than 99% reflected sound at the very least. From the moment that the dome energizes the compression slits within the motor, to the time when sound waves crash onto the elbow walls inside the throat area, there is just nothing direct about their sound. " width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Veritas Waveguide</td></tr>
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To finalize, I will call on the obvious. For those in the car audio industry, do any of you remember Waveguides? Well, with the exception of the Illusion ones, all other were purveyors of more than 99% reflected sound at the very least. From the moment that the dome energizes the compression slits within the motor, to the time when sound waves crash onto the elbow walls inside the throat area, there is just nothing direct about their sound. Yet, tens of thousands of waveguides were sold without resulting on any reflected sound complains. As for the performance outcomes, there were at least hundreds if not thousands of installations achieving great sound.<br />
Again, I have nothing against direct sound. It is just that within the car environment, where reflected sound is so dominant, I argue that great results could be achieved by dampening direct sound and letting reflected sound do its magic unobstructed. In a way, that is exactly what the designers of compression drivers attempted to do. It is also a technique I have used in enough circumstances as to trust it to be a viable alternative in the quest for best sound. Moreover, I am not the only one. <a href="http://audio2music.blogspot.com/2014/01/chris-owen-friend-for-life.html" target="_blank">Chris Owen</a> was in fact the person who introduced me to this technique. Then there was <a href="http://www.enjoythemusic.com/magazine/reviewers/dickolsher.htm" target="_blank">Dick Olsher</a> from Stereophile Magazine who at a Consumer Electronics Show demonstrated speakers that fired backwards rather than directly at the audience.<br />
Here, I would like to remind all experts of what the later Richard Feynman would say "Science is the belief in the ignorance of experts". In other words, to be real scientists, let's not fear changing our minds just because of preconceptions. If a new scientific test results in a new theory you happen to disagree with, just as Einstein distrusted Quantum mechanics, the problem may be within you and not withing the test; again just as history placed Einstein on the wrong side of the particle theory debate.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><a href="http://video.mit.edu/watch/thomas-youngs-double-slit-experiment-8432/" target="_blank"><img alt="illustration of Thomas Young's Double Slit Test" border="0" height="284" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEZ-iwNXoY7lkMBOAam8x9-0a_hr7PCCuLdTtSIu2K5Q1E33T5GsgOlnjExIyWIfXb5V83dsSwbqELFtULCmXBgmoB9E5LZ-HVrAMUaLVLAP-64_ZMXCdXfijx7jYxLSr_7kw_Sh9f-WTE/s1600/Double+Slit+Electron+Expeiment+-+Alberto+A+Lopez.jpg" title="When electrons (particles) pass through double slot openings, the expected particle behavior fails. Instead, they behave as waves; perhaps because they are energy fields, if you take the position of string theorists. " width="320" /></a></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://video.mit.edu/watch/thomas-youngs-double-slit-experiment-8432/" target="_blank">Double Slit Electron Experiment</a></td></tr>
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Talking about Quantum theory, let's wrap this up. It all comes down to the fact that we are listening to waves and not particles. To see what this means, read about the Thomas Young's Double Slit Electron Experiment that so baffled physicists about a century ago. When electrons (particles) pass through double slot openings, the expected particle behavior fails. Instead, they behave as waves; perhaps because they are energy fields, if you take the position of string theorists. In any case, this Quantum Physics experiment shows the difference between particles and waves; a difference that many audio experts seem to completely miss. In their minds, sound wave behave as particles. Yes, it's crazy...<br />
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<br />albertoalopezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01993782226348320330noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5773772622008994113.post-17731233536939702982015-04-05T16:10:00.005-04:002015-04-05T16:36:00.479-04:00BAJELE AL BOOM - Car Audio & Electronics Magazine en Español<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgG2ydSeVefQzUX4968z3Xp6GV5xluSUWRVcxt8TShDhShyphenhyphenxhuQLzNolFi0b0nTsTXybISpbGwzRZlGqW5gY-s-WdrpqsTOn82BPkX_vUb7Wg_z3-wCQpbwHZyqrPSc5fXSHQErF3OVKViz/s1600/Car+Audio+&+Electronics+Magazine+in+Spanish+-+Alberto+A+Lopez++(3x).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Picture of Alberto A Lopez and his award winning Sentra" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgG2ydSeVefQzUX4968z3Xp6GV5xluSUWRVcxt8TShDhShyphenhyphenxhuQLzNolFi0b0nTsTXybISpbGwzRZlGqW5gY-s-WdrpqsTOn82BPkX_vUb7Wg_z3-wCQpbwHZyqrPSc5fXSHQErF3OVKViz/s1600/Car+Audio+&+Electronics+Magazine+in+Spanish+-+Alberto+A+Lopez++(3x).jpg" height="110" title="El instalador Alberto López aprendió que sonidos fuertes no significan mejor." width="200" /></a></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">In 1992, Car Audio Magazine launched its first Spanish edition. </span>Coincidentally, my car was featured in it. Years later, when I worked in Mexico as a consultant, retailers were eager to show me the magazine. So one could safely conclude that the Spanish version was better received than those in the US would have thought. This leaves us with the question of why the translation services did not continue.<br />
Perhaps one reason was that the translation was generally substandard. This comes from the fact that translation services often lack the insight needed to convey conversations fluidly withing highly technical industries like this one.<br />
Whatever the reason, I remain ecstatic to have been so lucky. So, let me share the transcript of the Spanish version of the article originally written by Edwige Grimes and photographed by Bobbi Lane:<br />
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUG7C3-uRH2GSIwfOuomGyYqi0oTr-Qnq5Hx9FrVcx_3VOnPJxQIMb1DiEezmxjr49EK_rPRcwgMwJ_wudCceIdwuDtoSs0huUn7vOJjIxEb_tdfGcMEq-BJ9QCJMK8XyaGUbbzCztpOK4/s1600/Car+Audio+&+Electronics+Magazine+in+Spanish+-+Alberto+A+Lopez++(3z).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Composite image of Alberto A Lopez Sentra's trunk with and without stealth covers" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUG7C3-uRH2GSIwfOuomGyYqi0oTr-Qnq5Hx9FrVcx_3VOnPJxQIMb1DiEezmxjr49EK_rPRcwgMwJ_wudCceIdwuDtoSs0huUn7vOJjIxEb_tdfGcMEq-BJ9QCJMK8XyaGUbbzCztpOK4/s1600/Car+Audio+&+Electronics+Magazine+in+Spanish+-+Alberto+A+Lopez++(3z).jpg" height="312" title="Construyendo un piso falso y los paneles para el sonido (abajo), López mantuvo la mayoría del espacio en el portaequipaje (arriba)." width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #b4a7d6;"><i>Construyendo un piso falso y los paneles para el sonido (abajo), <br />López mantuvo la mayoría del espacio en el portaequipaje (arriba).</i></span></td></tr>
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<b><span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-size: large;">BAJELE AL BOOM</span></b><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-size: large;">El instalador Alberto López aprendió que sonidos fuertes no significan mejor.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">POR EDWIGE GRIMES / </span></i><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">FOTOGRAFIA: BOBBI LANE</span></i></span><br />
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Alberto López fue expuesto por primera vez a car audio de alto nivel en pruebas de sonido en Texas en el año de 186. Inmediatamente, encontró un nuevo hobby. "Yo nunca había visto algo como esto," dice el instalador, de 25 años de edad, de Inphase Car Audio en Omaha, Nebraska. </span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Alberto admite, "en Mexico no tenemos nada como esto. Yo quede impresionado. Por supuesto lo que me atrajo al principio fueron los carros boom."</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Loopez aprendio rapidamente que los sonidos fuertes no son siempre lo mejor. El primer sistema de sonido en su Sentra de 1989 fue disenado primeramente para cantidad de sonido. </span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Alberto dice, "pero usted se cansa de sonidos fuertes." "Mis oídos me dolieron en una ocasión, y después en otra ocasión, entonces yo empecé a preocuparme acerca de la situación."</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Compitiendo en pruebas de sonido lo apuraron a modificar el sistema de sonido. Alberto dice "yo empecé a aprender más y empecé a ser menos y menos ruidoso. Ya no es cosa de ruido fuerte para nada."</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">López es estudiante de negocios en la Universidad de Nebraska en Omaha. El aprendió instalaciones y diseño de sistemas ablando con la gente que el pudiera, e inspeccionando vehículos en competencias de sonido. Los conocimientos de física y arquitectura de sus estudios universitarios en su nativo México también son una gran ayuda.</span><br />
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj61uUXu_8Z-w7fP3ZmMSfHJ7O4oQhiURoW3zCf9qU31gPcUfRxDnlBtNDwGv1IfclomN3PvV-4ele7pAPMbV79nOyNRJsjfP1EQ7uM01lpJrAK8moImtlogFGWZrbyeYfKdooEjoDuilWa/s1600/Car+Audio+&+Electronics+Magazine+in+Spanish+-+Alberto+A+Lopez++(4a).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="picture of the door in Alberto A Lopez's competition Sentra" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj61uUXu_8Z-w7fP3ZmMSfHJ7O4oQhiURoW3zCf9qU31gPcUfRxDnlBtNDwGv1IfclomN3PvV-4ele7pAPMbV79nOyNRJsjfP1EQ7uM01lpJrAK8moImtlogFGWZrbyeYfKdooEjoDuilWa/s1600/Car+Audio+&+Electronics+Magazine+in+Spanish+-+Alberto+A+Lopez++(4a).jpg" height="190" title="López reconstruyo los paneles de las puertas cubriéndolas con un paño de lana y un vinilo gris. Cada puerta tiene un woofer de 8 pulgadas." width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="color: #b4a7d6;">López reconstruyo los paneles de las puertas cubriéndolas con un paño <br />de lana y un vinilo gris. Cada puerta tiene un woofer de 8 pulgadas.</span></i></td></tr>
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<b><span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-size: large;">Empezando Sin Nada</span></b><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">La conquista de López para mejorar la calidad de sonido empezó con la modificación de las bocinas de acuerdo con sus necesidades. </span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Cada puerta tiene los woofers Morel MW-224 8 pulgadas. López trato el cono de los woofers cubriéndolos con cerámica para alterar el sonido. El explica "el peso del cono es diferente y toda la proporción de las bocinas es diferente."</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">López reconstruyo completamente los paneles de la puerta, cubiertas en paño de lana y vinilo gris que hacen juego con el interior de cuero del Sentra, rejas metálicas para las bocinas cubiertas con una tela transparente sobre el woofer para su protección. </span><br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAvmqWvYmZAESOG3SUgLNkVU3BbMvOQm73mIQeGTO6wX9qzUrgz9882p047aYyW_dUIkkgqXQCrP-LNcHjXEI4GaqVZwXlkj-3UdedrJ9KoVXUNUQs5ViH1rBvpWS3CjX-tukPHfBNOgKo/s1600/Car+Audio+&+Electronics+Magazine+in+Spanish+-+Alberto+A+Lopez++(4z).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="picture of rear deck in Alberto A Lopez's competition Sentra" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAvmqWvYmZAESOG3SUgLNkVU3BbMvOQm73mIQeGTO6wX9qzUrgz9882p047aYyW_dUIkkgqXQCrP-LNcHjXEI4GaqVZwXlkj-3UdedrJ9KoVXUNUQs5ViH1rBvpWS3CjX-tukPHfBNOgKo/s1600/Car+Audio+&+Electronics+Magazine+in+Spanish+-+Alberto+A+Lopez++(4z).jpg" height="320" title="Las redes pasivas de crossover para las bocinas en las puertas fueron montadas en la cubierta de atrás (abajo) y cubiertas con rejas (arriba)." width="249" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Las redes pasivas de crossover para las bocinas <br />en las puertas fueron montadas en la cubierta de <br />atrás (abajo) y cubiertas con rejas (arriba).</span></i></td></tr>
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">De acuerdo a López agregando redes crossover hechos a la medida también ayudo a mejorar el sonido de los woofers. "El woofer era muy bueno con las voces, pero era un poco débil en el medio bajo y [las redes] lo convirtieron en un sonido suave, y picante - bueno para el medio bajo con suaves ondas saliendo a medio alcance."</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">López construyo la red de crossover por su propia cuenta y los monto en la cubierta de atrás. Primero el corto orificios en la cubierta lo suficientemente grandes para las redes. Después, él diseñó un panel de tabla de madera que encajan debajo de la cubierta y refuerzan la fibra de vidrio. Entonces el monto las redes al panel y las cubrió con las verjas de las bocinas que hacen juego con las verjas de las bocinas en las puertas. Como toque final, la cubierta de atrás fue forrada con el mismo material que se uso para los paneles de las puertas. </span><br />
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<b><span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-size: large;">Bocinas en el Piso</span></b><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">López decidió experimentar con bocinas montadas al nivel de los pies en su vehículo. El dice, "yo sabía del concepto, pero yo no sabía porque trabajaba o como trabajaba."</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWahkaq4WlvKZ_2e9omx1xyv-o6S4uww8pncC4gLufODuzNlwyyeHVfMo-qSnL7wO3_OPkRPAmBXe9LE6mBOZ9PGOBRYGTeET0xTBNvsbLzwhxBPJT15zDod_P2wA_7elkcDDkbVVWxf-j/s1600/Car+Audio+&+Electronics+Magazine+in+Spanish+-+Alberto+A+Lopez++(4d).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="picture of the kick panels in Alberto A Lopez's competition Sentra" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWahkaq4WlvKZ_2e9omx1xyv-o6S4uww8pncC4gLufODuzNlwyyeHVfMo-qSnL7wO3_OPkRPAmBXe9LE6mBOZ9PGOBRYGTeET0xTBNvsbLzwhxBPJT15zDod_P2wA_7elkcDDkbVVWxf-j/s1600/Car+Audio+&+Electronics+Magazine+in+Spanish+-+Alberto+A+Lopez++(4d).jpg" height="320" title="Caparazón construido a la medida para cada panel contiene un tweeter de 4 pulgadas, medio alcance y 0.75 pulgadas." width="203" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Caparazón construido a la medida para <br />cada panel contiene un tweeter de 4 <br />pulgadas, medio alcance y 0.75 pulgadas.</span></i></td></tr>
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Los tweeters, Cabasse MD-100 4 pulgadas medio alcance y DOM-4 .075 en bocinas hechos a la medida con caparazón unidos al panel del piso. La parte de atrás de cada caparazón y el panel del piso detrás de este, fueron cortados para acomodar el magneto grande del tweeter, que López comparo al el magneto de la bocina de 5.25 pulgadas. El remarca "Esto es algo masivo."</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Las bocinas del bafle fueron pintadas con pintura FleckStone gris, y los caparazones fueron cubiertos con vinilo. Verjas como en las bocinas de las puertas con tela sobre el caparazón para proteger los conos de las bocinas. </span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Yo empecé a experimentar con sonido allá," dice López refiriéndose a las bocinas en el panel del piso, además el trato diferentes ángulos y crossover de redes hasta que encontró la combinación que funcionó. </span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUKOxV5F_v_LsDAMxLYAzdoZZsI7-t_i-GBRB6XQ_fMJEO79h-ipo3qC__ceRFkH0kK-sQlA3l0QucH_-ye-5RBk4GuOBaGmxl8Kq6o54MlxUyRnkmcqmlyH14pM613Tl5CxTcQZYLmCcQ/s1600/Car+Audio+&+Electronics+Magazine+in+Spanish+-+Alberto+A+Lopez++(5c).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="picture of chair mounted passive crossovers in Alberto A Lopez's competition Sentra" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUKOxV5F_v_LsDAMxLYAzdoZZsI7-t_i-GBRB6XQ_fMJEO79h-ipo3qC__ceRFkH0kK-sQlA3l0QucH_-ye-5RBk4GuOBaGmxl8Kq6o54MlxUyRnkmcqmlyH14pM613Tl5CxTcQZYLmCcQ/s1600/Car+Audio+&+Electronics+Magazine+in+Spanish+-+Alberto+A+Lopez++(5c).jpg" height="320" title="Un lugar no muy común para poner los crossover pasivos dentro de las sillas de este Sentra. Bolsas pequeñas con cremalleras en las sillas contienen redes pasivas crossover para los paneles de las bocinas en el piso." width="187" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #b4a7d6;"><i>Un lugar no muy común para poner <br />los crossover pasivos. Bolsas pequeñas <br />con cremalleras en las sillas contienen <br />redes pasivas crossover para los <br />paneles de las bocinas en el piso.</i></span></td></tr>
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Las redes pasivas de crossover a la medida para las bocinas en los paneles del piso están localizadas en una caja de madera instalada dentro de las sillas de adelante. La mayoría de la espuma en el interior y las varillas de soporte fueron removidas para instalar los crossovers, explico López. </span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">"Esta en su espalada, pero no los puede sentir," el dijo, explicando que los crossovers fueron montados en varillas flexibles dentro de las sillas. "Los crossover están suspendidos de tal manera que cuando uno se sienta, usted los empuja de una manera que giran de allá para acá." Cubiertas de plexiglas protegen las redes, que se encuentran escondidas de bajo de una pequena bolsa con cremallera cocida en la parte de atrás de las sillas. </span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Cada panel tiene en la parte de atrás un woofer Peerless P-228 de 8 pulgadas montado dentro de un paquete de fibra de vidrio hecho a la medida. Los paneles que esconden estas bocinas no se pueden remover. </span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjq8VMNNi9Zwd7qbTX08uIAVgxZOXc6vHzIaEsPbBDAjV6POYurRaYiO1koN-gIEkJCAY8YtNNRu7UUVaJIb0CEHkMhaKKAuqteF5aMQLfKuGuKmfdMiEu0skv_s2FQgoUlJrXloE7tzzLY/s1600/Car+Audio+&+Electronics+Magazine+in+Spanish+-+Alberto+A+Lopez++(5a).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="picture of aperiodic subwoofer box in Alberto A Lopez's competition Sentra" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjq8VMNNi9Zwd7qbTX08uIAVgxZOXc6vHzIaEsPbBDAjV6POYurRaYiO1koN-gIEkJCAY8YtNNRu7UUVaJIb0CEHkMhaKKAuqteF5aMQLfKuGuKmfdMiEu0skv_s2FQgoUlJrXloE7tzzLY/s1600/Car+Audio+&+Electronics+Magazine+in+Spanish+-+Alberto+A+Lopez++(5a).jpg" height="217" title="Caja que se puede ver através debajo de la cubierta de atrás contiene dos subwoofers Dunaudio de 12 pulgadas." width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Caja que se puede ver através debajo de la cubierta de atrás <br />contiene dos subwoofers Dunaudio de 12 pulgadas.</span></i></td></tr>
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<b><span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-size: large;">Esquema del Portaequipaje</span></b><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">López diseñó el esquema de los componentes en el portaequipaje con conservación de espacio y utilidad en la mente. El indica, "mi portaequipaje tiene mas o menos un 90% de espacio para cargo."</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">El empezó construyendo y diseñando un empaque para subwoofer que encajara debajo de la cubierta de atrás. El empaque, construido de tabla de madera de 15 pulgadas, tiene dos subwoofers Dynaudio 30W100 de 12 pulgadas. El lado del empaque mirando hacia el portaequipaje fue encajado con una ventana visible de plexiglas. Puertos de membrana en los lados permiten que el woofer "respire" de acuerdo a López. También, la superficie interior del empaque fue forrada en cuero con el mismo material que se uso para el interior.</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMplxvUM7BgUxuDkF-0GN2XsDkvD8yx36sU_JiLguRRoqKxKwIJNzYjY54jgB9LmOi5LqUTU7q_a6DtaBcGea1sX7vP3ytES3uew-2zoIeKEgSnhhxAIYXQGHE2PzE5FalVN9kBcXA40Mn/s1600/Car+Audio+&+Electronics+Magazine+in+Spanish+-+Alberto+A+Lopez++(5b).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="picture of amp rack in Alberto A Lopez's competition Sentra" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMplxvUM7BgUxuDkF-0GN2XsDkvD8yx36sU_JiLguRRoqKxKwIJNzYjY54jgB9LmOi5LqUTU7q_a6DtaBcGea1sX7vP3ytES3uew-2zoIeKEgSnhhxAIYXQGHE2PzE5FalVN9kBcXA40Mn/s1600/Car+Audio+&+Electronics+Magazine+in+Spanish+-+Alberto+A+Lopez++(5b).jpg" height="320" title="Piso falso en el portaequipaje tiene amplificador, equalizador y bloque de fusibles. El panel e la pared derecha del portaequipaje tiene una caja para los capacitores." width="208" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Piso falso en el portaequipaje tiene <br />amplificador, equalizador y bloque de fusibles. <br />El panel e la pared derecha del portaequipaje <br />tiene una caja para los capacitores.</span></i></td></tr>
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<b><span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-size: large;">Paneles de Portaequipaje Pintados</span></b><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Se fabrico un piso falso de residuos de madera que encaja sobre el piso original del portaequipaje. Fue cubierto con el mismo material de paño de lana de interior. </span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Dos amplificadores HiFonics Ulises están enterrados en el centro del piso falso, a cada lado. Arriba de ellos hay un equalizador Alesis MEQ-230 montado al mismo nivel del piso falso, y arriba del EQ hay una batería US Amps y fusible en bloque Sound Quest. Una pieza de plexiglass removible protege los componentes, y una alfombra cubre todo el piso. </span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Un panel en la pared izquierda retiene un Audio Control Epicenter que fue pintado para que hiciera juego con el carro. "No salió tan bien como yo quería, pero está bastante similar," admitió López. También en este panel hay varios interruptores que controlan los aspectos del sistema. </span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGZH4TWuf7Don01HHBduhEfw6P4YmKtRlDHM57-BqTe0ILq955mhJ0gXQKQVYtB5xl4rj5LPz0NanvbpFmHfuc1KAXxrFci423N-8BPG3-5rjNtydA6knsXlYESRxrV-06-XIndQbp6bjC/s1600/Car+Audio+&+Electronics+Magazine+in+Spanish+-+Alberto+A+Lopez++(6b).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="picture of custom epicenter in Alberto A Lopez's competition Sentra" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGZH4TWuf7Don01HHBduhEfw6P4YmKtRlDHM57-BqTe0ILq955mhJ0gXQKQVYtB5xl4rj5LPz0NanvbpFmHfuc1KAXxrFci423N-8BPG3-5rjNtydA6knsXlYESRxrV-06-XIndQbp6bjC/s1600/Car+Audio+&+Electronics+Magazine+in+Spanish+-+Alberto+A+Lopez++(6b).jpg" height="200" title="La pared izquierda del portaequipaje tiene el Epicenter pintado a mano e interruptores." width="167" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="color: #b4a7d6;">La pared izquierda del <br />portaequipaje tiene el Epicenter <br />pintado a mano e interruptores.</span></i></td></tr>
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Un panel similar en la pared derecha retiene capacitores Autosound 2000 Stiffening. López dice acerca de los capacitores "Me gusta cómo trabajan, refiriéndome al sonido." Para la protección de los dos paneles tiene una cubierta removible de plexiglass. López afirma "todos los bordes están pulidos incluso los pequeños orificios." Como toque final los paneles que cubren con el paño de lana encajan sobre el plexiglass.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">López puso sus capacidades de pintor en el diagrama del sistema de sonido y la red de crossover en la cubierta del portaequipaje. Pequeños LED controlados con interruptores en la pared izquierda iluminan los diagramas. </span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">La cubierta motorizada del portaequipaje es controlada por el sistema de seguridad Clifford 600 con transmisor a control remoto. López escondió los activadores grandes construyendo unos paneles a su alrededor montados debajo de las bisagras del portaequipaje.</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmyHwd7DjFTF1P29LbAr7tOEJZwaTxeBvEAUgNzFKpyGGjfCUBYHBHCpIjmvmOz4OtSIeW7jDsRdeK-iMidMuP1BtFrFTBtVlJBArmhivxd9ze6HlegkMY07k5L6IegHlaVacNcP4RKRLT/s1600/Car+Audio+&+Electronics+Magazine+in+Spanish+-+Alberto+A+Lopez++(6a).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="picture of Denon head unit in Alberto A Lopez's competition Sentra" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmyHwd7DjFTF1P29LbAr7tOEJZwaTxeBvEAUgNzFKpyGGjfCUBYHBHCpIjmvmOz4OtSIeW7jDsRdeK-iMidMuP1BtFrFTBtVlJBArmhivxd9ze6HlegkMY07k5L6IegHlaVacNcP4RKRLT/s1600/Car+Audio+&+Electronics+Magazine+in+Spanish+-+Alberto+A+Lopez++(6a).jpg" height="320" title="No estos no son de fabrica. López hizo al radio CD Denon parecer "Nissan."" width="214" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="color: #b4a7d6;">No estos no son de fabrica. López hizo al <br />radio CD Denon parecer "Nissan."</span></i></td></tr>
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<b><span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-size: large;">El Sonido es lo Importante</span></b><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Échele un vistazo a la unidad principal en el panel delantero, y usted creerá que Nissan a empezado a instalar equipos de sonido CD en todos los Sentras. Pero la etiqueta "Nissan" en la cubierta es solamente para cubrir lo que hay en realidad: un radio Cd convertido de pullout (empuje hacia fuera) en una montura permanente.</span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">López dice "en casi todos los shows a los que voy los jueces me preguntan si ese es el radio que quiero usar." "Los jueces creen que es de la fabrica." Una pieza negra de plástico ABC retiene la unidad principal resaltando en el panel delantero. </span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Varios botones fueron integrados en la consola del centro cerca del freno de mano para controlar las funciones del radio haciendo las operaciones mas fáciles y seguras. Los controles instalados de las ventanas también se encuentran en este lugar.</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgba_kDHdiToTKG0eTs0EFKrUBX9ycx34HYzKZibW7WAc3PlqTM6Z-DMSSmet0kMKfm81T4iIgtQEcsyrQuK-xOfmzNexPlGyoHIHvfsLbnbaYHOMZJMvhIJDuIYmzuphoQzJ0TyNX_tsuy/s1600/Car+Audio+&+Electronics+Magazine+in+Spanish+-+Alberto+A+Lopez++(6d).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="illustration of system diagram in Alberto A Lopez's competition Sentra" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgba_kDHdiToTKG0eTs0EFKrUBX9ycx34HYzKZibW7WAc3PlqTM6Z-DMSSmet0kMKfm81T4iIgtQEcsyrQuK-xOfmzNexPlGyoHIHvfsLbnbaYHOMZJMvhIJDuIYmzuphoQzJ0TyNX_tsuy/s1600/Car+Audio+&+Electronics+Magazine+in+Spanish+-+Alberto+A+Lopez++(6d).jpg" height="200" title="Diagrama del sistema." width="150" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Diagrama del sistema.</span></i></td></tr>
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Para mejorar el sistema eléctrico debajo del cofre delantero, López primero reemplazo la batería de fabrica por una más grande para complementar la batería U.S. Amps en el portaequipaje. Un insolador Sound Quest de 120 amperios separa las dos baterías. El alternador de fabrica fue reemplazado con un modelo de 120 amperios de Wrangler. </span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">López algunas veces se lamenta de que su hobby y profesión frecuentemente lo dejan corto de dinero, pero el dice que vale la pena. </span><br />
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">López dice "¿Sabe usted que es lo que yo disfruto más? El sonido." "Todas las dificultades por las que paso, todas las instalaciones, pero el sonido, eso es lo mas importante."</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBvMcMRohvtZgxja8Zu1hTKyZxPicOxOUQqxxsjZL_4IZGXbWnmApADxjFRRmv4q9Z1Zy1T-n4PH893exCfKID-DCS8uvMFQf0i3aPnbHqJ-SM7fHq6Nxxrv94VyCYhaMOG4cHE9o6q2er/s1600/Car+Audio+&+Electronics+Magazine+in+Spanish+-+Alberto+A+Lopez++(1).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Image of Cover of Car Audio & Electronics Magazine Special Edition in Spanish" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBvMcMRohvtZgxja8Zu1hTKyZxPicOxOUQqxxsjZL_4IZGXbWnmApADxjFRRmv4q9Z1Zy1T-n4PH893exCfKID-DCS8uvMFQf0i3aPnbHqJ-SM7fHq6Nxxrv94VyCYhaMOG4cHE9o6q2er/s1600/Car+Audio+&+Electronics+Magazine+in+Spanish+-+Alberto+A+Lopez++(1).jpg" height="320" title="In 1992, Car Audio Magazine launched its first Spanish edition. Coincidentally, my car was featured in it. Years later, when I worked in Mexico as a consultant, retailers were eager to show me the magazine. " width="234" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Cover<br />Car Audio & Electronics Magazine <br />Special Edition in Spanish</span></i></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-dlqjayWqUEW3XGCedMR4-fZ_m5AV1kNAhClSSs6hD5IJIVxMwawZeP5MZd4J-PJ_L15H6KJt-WSX5NxFzDxUpgcdZlyKJW3l3qb_67ItCn9VojgKiBM1MYdRPs4_GKXT2ZcfQf-iz0wo/s1600/Car+Audio+&+Electronics+Magazine+in+Spanish+-+Alberto+A+Lopez++(2).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Image of Index of Car Audio & Electronics Magazine Special Edition in Spanish" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-dlqjayWqUEW3XGCedMR4-fZ_m5AV1kNAhClSSs6hD5IJIVxMwawZeP5MZd4J-PJ_L15H6KJt-WSX5NxFzDxUpgcdZlyKJW3l3qb_67ItCn9VojgKiBM1MYdRPs4_GKXT2ZcfQf-iz0wo/s1600/Car+Audio+&+Electronics+Magazine+in+Spanish+-+Alberto+A+Lopez++(2).jpg" height="320" title=""en Mexico no tenemos nada como esto."" width="232" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Index<br />Car Audio & Electronics Magazine <br />Special Edition in Spanish</span></i></td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9iEQ5eccMim29CcZ9Wva3QD3kV_A6Km5ffHyDMxyJA2GuLkuG5KkiNr5gJDvKtLa7umA2AdtQ-oO95ain_4YqW8f6bV_cVZUXx9bgJTQ8xvp8WeXNnlm4X60W_P7hJhyY3_NbauaGZx2k/s1600/Car+Audio+&+Electronics+Magazine+in+Spanish+-+Alberto+A+Lopez++(3).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Image of Bajale al Boom Article - pages 48 and 49 - Car Audio & Electronics Magazine Special Edition in Spanish" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9iEQ5eccMim29CcZ9Wva3QD3kV_A6Km5ffHyDMxyJA2GuLkuG5KkiNr5gJDvKtLa7umA2AdtQ-oO95ain_4YqW8f6bV_cVZUXx9bgJTQ8xvp8WeXNnlm4X60W_P7hJhyY3_NbauaGZx2k/s1600/Car+Audio+&+Electronics+Magazine+in+Spanish+-+Alberto+A+Lopez++(3).jpg" height="214" style="cursor: move;" title="Alberto López fue expuesto por primera vez a car audio de alto nivel en pruebas de sonido en Texas en el año de 186. Inmediatamente, encontró un nuevo hobby." width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #b4a7d6;"><i>Bajale al Boom Article<br />Pages 48 and 49<br />Car Audio & Electronics Magazine <br />Special Edition in Spanish</i></span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxCGRsN1GRBkRp0k4CMT5rzX6oFDFNlZ0S92VZF_qunwFhkN1oN5ESvp_dL_tCWnlIwmSz_heGHzdewigjJzRnpvKAVIw8HyeTN7D-zv7JY0svKhvCS-2RFLswCfU4Crad0vKML0aNmABh/s1600/Car+Audio+&+Electronics+Magazine+in+Spanish+-+Alberto+A+Lopez++(4).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Image of Bajale al Boom Article - page 50 - Car Audio & Electronics Magazine Special Edition in Spanish" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxCGRsN1GRBkRp0k4CMT5rzX6oFDFNlZ0S92VZF_qunwFhkN1oN5ESvp_dL_tCWnlIwmSz_heGHzdewigjJzRnpvKAVIw8HyeTN7D-zv7JY0svKhvCS-2RFLswCfU4Crad0vKML0aNmABh/s1600/Car+Audio+&+Electronics+Magazine+in+Spanish+-+Alberto+A+Lopez++(4).jpg" height="320" title="Cada puerta tiene los woofers Morel MW-224 8 pulgadas. López trato el cono de los woofers cubriéndolos con cerámica para alterar el sonido. El explica "el peso del cono es diferente y toda la proporción de las bocinas es diferente."" width="229" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Image of Bajale al Boom Article<br />Page 50<br />Car Audio & Electronics Magazine <br />Special Edition in Spanish</span></i></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimf4L52MnmcKE7GkGa7OcFbshyPfaaoD__bQnLim8MNxkOZKAlUO1P3ZG7vs1QO-jYwmkSFGJF0fW8Wlh1EBQrNXimpNAufxzGzgRyoXw9QLRQAsAMcOADx-uK-ejaUu5BGWynzhjFUC9D/s1600/Car+Audio+&+Electronics+Magazine+in+Spanish+-+Alberto+A+Lopez++(5).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Image of Bajale al Boom Article - page 52 - Car Audio & Electronics Magazine Special Edition in Spanish" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimf4L52MnmcKE7GkGa7OcFbshyPfaaoD__bQnLim8MNxkOZKAlUO1P3ZG7vs1QO-jYwmkSFGJF0fW8Wlh1EBQrNXimpNAufxzGzgRyoXw9QLRQAsAMcOADx-uK-ejaUu5BGWynzhjFUC9D/s1600/Car+Audio+&+Electronics+Magazine+in+Spanish+-+Alberto+A+Lopez++(5).jpg" height="320" title=""Esta en su espalada, pero no los puede sentir," el dijo, explicando que los crossovers fueron montados en varillas flexibles dentro de las sillas. "Los crossover están suspendidos de tal manera que cuando uno se sienta, usted los empuja de una manera que giran de allá para acá."" width="230" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Bajale al Boom Article<br />Page 52<br />Car Audio & Electronics Magazine <br />Special Edition in Spanish</span></i></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6NkQe-MOzPJN821qdMpkNU6j9hjbNgr_lvnnmjT4lI5QFginei_7phfslnHcoS4PYGRu98torOhyphenhyphenF3ZFZwGldgv-igLow0D8DQv2_CN9V1JUy_1s4ysTx9oPLucu_GaOcmfiYU8H27NYc/s1600/Car+Audio+&+Electronics+Magazine+in+Spanish+-+Alberto+A+Lopez++(6).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Image of Bajale al Boom Article - page 54 - Car Audio & Electronics Magazine Special Edition in Spanish" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6NkQe-MOzPJN821qdMpkNU6j9hjbNgr_lvnnmjT4lI5QFginei_7phfslnHcoS4PYGRu98torOhyphenhyphenF3ZFZwGldgv-igLow0D8DQv2_CN9V1JUy_1s4ysTx9oPLucu_GaOcmfiYU8H27NYc/s1600/Car+Audio+&+Electronics+Magazine+in+Spanish+-+Alberto+A+Lopez++(6).jpg" height="320" title="Échele un vistazo a la unidad principal en el panel delantero, y usted creerá que Nissan a empezado a instalar equipos de sonido CD en todos los Sentras. Pero la etiqueta "Nissan" en la cubierta es solamente para cubrir lo que hay en realidad: un radio Cd convertido de pullout (empuje hacia fuera) en una montura permanente." width="231" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Bajale al Boom Article<br />Page 54<br />Car Audio & Electronics Magazine <br />Special Edition in Spanish</span></i></td></tr>
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Also, make sure to check the previous post on this vehicle:</div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://audio2music.blogspot.com/2014/04/failing-in-car-audio-and-very-special.html" target="_blank">Failing in Business and a Very Special Comeback</a></span></b></div>
<b><a href="http://audio2music.blogspot.com/2014/04/failing-in-car-audio-and-very-special.html" target="_blank">What would you do after failing to build your small business ? I stood up and got to work.</a></b><br />
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albertoalopezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01993782226348320330noreply@blogger.com0Omaha, NE, USA41.264751715162134 -96.12982423749997541.073862715162136 -96.45254773749997 41.455640715162133 -95.807100737499979tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5773772622008994113.post-10691433373150407262015-04-04T02:18:00.002-04:002015-04-08T18:03:27.517-04:00Car Stereo & Security No. 52 - Son of Seismic II<span style="font-size: large;">In October of 1996, British news stands offered issue number 52 of Car Stereo & Security magazine with the first article on Car Audio Product's van.</span><br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSFhCBIfq8XFtqToiI5Q6ASoe4ss9IqZ0UXfyDARhPmakjVP5RGfr6GdnoOT7j6ea7W0iqeXuFGLMMcxc8x3S4_bzMQ1-GwykPFNrkOvMR9V7-EFJR87AlJUIY3bbSD7RyxyX-GsNgbZAd/s1600/Car+Stereo+&+Security+No52+-+Alberto+A+Lopez++(3c).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Pictures of Paul Richardson, Alberto Lopez and Nathan Pearce" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSFhCBIfq8XFtqToiI5Q6ASoe4ss9IqZ0UXfyDARhPmakjVP5RGfr6GdnoOT7j6ea7W0iqeXuFGLMMcxc8x3S4_bzMQ1-GwykPFNrkOvMR9V7-EFJR87AlJUIY3bbSD7RyxyX-GsNgbZAd/s1600/Car+Stereo+&+Security+No52+-+Alberto+A+Lopez++(3c).jpg" height="155" title="If you're wondering why normally sane people would look like this, try polishing Perspex until 4am, and you'll find out!" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px;"><span style="color: #b4a7d6;">If you're wondering why normally sane<br />people would look like this, try polishing<br />Perspex until 4am, and you'll find out!</span></i></td></tr>
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Paul, the team and I had not even finished the installation when these the first shots were taken.<br />
Despite the fact that market expectation was great, no one outside of our shop had any idea of what the van would have. Everyone in the circuit expected a bass car. So when the word went out that we had cut holes in the floor, speculation of a rule-breaking port to the outside spread quickly. But as everybody found later, the only thing blowing air to the exterior of this award winning vehicle was the incredibly powerful cooling system that kept the amps in the motorized racks from getting toasty.<br />
The following is the transcript of the article. Enjoy!<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgV76n_b-H3uKDCRbB1be-ES8FzK1_StjUvgF1MhdPON_GoOQ4hjdEa6FAxgwoIeDaPMeK-OI7PbWItdqBsWF5ccjWofFo7wLCZyB1kq38IwPaN4ux_ua4sP2ZMWQhk_JI6FQ0oPOpYH_d/s1600/Car+Stereo+&+Security+No52+-+Alberto+A+Lopez++(3b).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img alt="front picture of the best sounding van in the world" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgV76n_b-H3uKDCRbB1be-ES8FzK1_StjUvgF1MhdPON_GoOQ4hjdEa6FAxgwoIeDaPMeK-OI7PbWItdqBsWF5ccjWofFo7wLCZyB1kq38IwPaN4ux_ua4sP2ZMWQhk_JI6FQ0oPOpYH_d/s1600/Car+Stereo+&+Security+No52+-+Alberto+A+Lopez++(3b).jpg" height="172" title="Unfortunately I well remember the demise of 'Seismic' - the first demonstration van in the UK. It was on the way back to the importers' offices in London from a Sound-Off in Torquay when it suffered a serious engine fire. How serious? Serious enough to destroy the interior and audio installation completely. There was much mourning and deep depression in the land." width="200" /></a><b><span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Unfortunately I well remember the demise of 'Seismic' - the first demonstration van in the UK. It was on the way back to the importers' offices in London from a Sound-Off in Torquay when it suffered a serious engine fire. How serious? Serious enough to destroy the interior and audio installation completely. There was much mourning and deep depression in the land.</span></b><br />
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Then came 'Son of Seismic' and an all-new van. But by the end of the 1995 season, the guys at Car Audio Products felt that even more could be achieved. So a new installation was devised, and this time the aim was to produce a system that could compete in both SPL and Point of Reference classes at expert level. The intention was also for the van to make a trip to the US to compete with the best the States has to offer. Bring on the 'Son of Seismic II'.</span><br />
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuTL01em2J94tWHTMEzbq2omBGyzfEx9z1HPsXdq37o5ue4JaXo3ef_zUJI8tLgxsgLwzJhc4Cgtv2HkvaIi5tmSjH0A1FPZQ7r0j5-A57-ZTMQEs7J-MYUWdOii1QtlXI9D09eHu2EDQm/s1600/Car+Stereo+&+Security+No52+-+Alberto+A+Lopez++(3a).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Complete shot of the SPL system inside of the best sounding van in the world." border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuTL01em2J94tWHTMEzbq2omBGyzfEx9z1HPsXdq37o5ue4JaXo3ef_zUJI8tLgxsgLwzJhc4Cgtv2HkvaIi5tmSjH0A1FPZQ7r0j5-A57-ZTMQEs7J-MYUWdOii1QtlXI9D09eHu2EDQm/s1600/Car+Stereo+&+Security+No52+-+Alberto+A+Lopez++(3a).jpg" height="173" title="It requires hours and hours of work to make the edge of a piece of plexi catch the light like this. When the POR system is in use, there's a set of solid grilles to cover this lot." width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="color: #b4a7d6;">It requires hours and hours of work to make the edge of a piece <br />of plexi catch the light like this. When the POR system <br />is in use, there's a set of solid grilles to cover this lot.</span></i></td></tr>
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Before we get into the meat-and-two-veg of the feature, I ought to point out that the system isn't totally finished. But even so, there's so much to talk about that I could fill the whole magazine with what's been done. And before we go any further, let me point out one thing - if you think that this is just a revamp of the system used last year, you just couldn't be further from the truth. Every component, cable and panel was removed from the vehicle before work commenced on the current project <i>seven months ago</i>, Since then, a total of 6,500 man-hours has gone into it. In all, seven people have been working on the system although the three main stalwarts are Pail Richardson, who is responsible for the design of the SPL side of the system; Alberto Lopez, designer of the POR side; and Nathan Pearce helping out with the actual physical cutting, shaping, fitting and wiring. And believe me, there is enough cable in the thing to wire an old-style telephone exchange. </span><br />
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<b><span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-size: large;">Three Into One</span></b><br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilBUNw8z-JY_GkFw5Nd-vbMpjQMBqYWgxhj9KV5KV54aRVQdywpiiN47nAbnmBCKyFZRiADE5pMj83IxXNVqEIDcEwfqJAUt-9DQdhZUF4Q42F4McC5G7m4uxrTQEnutV7W9f5ZAv0nOD4/s1600/Car+Stereo+&+Security+No52+-+Alberto+A+Lopez++(4b).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="close up of the speaker grills used in the best sounding van in the world." border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilBUNw8z-JY_GkFw5Nd-vbMpjQMBqYWgxhj9KV5KV54aRVQdywpiiN47nAbnmBCKyFZRiADE5pMj83IxXNVqEIDcEwfqJAUt-9DQdhZUF4Q42F4McC5G7m4uxrTQEnutV7W9f5ZAv0nOD4/s1600/Car+Stereo+&+Security+No52+-+Alberto+A+Lopez++(4b).jpg" height="200" title="The back of the grilles just have to be seen to be believed." width="173" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="color: #b4a7d6;">The back of the grilles just <br />have to be seen to be believed.</span></i></td></tr>
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">The installation in 'SoS II' is actually two completely separate systems, with only the head unit as a common component. One is essentially for sound quality and the other for SPL and demonstration purposes, although there are actually some differences between what's used for the latter two. I really can't go through a list of the products used since there wouldn't be any space left to tell you about some of the more intricate parts of the installation. In total there are 46 speakers (16 of these being 15in woofersused for the SPL system); 18 Earthquake 1000BX amplifiers, including two which have been modified to run in pure class A at 30W per channel; two 240A alternators; 18 batteries; three signal processors and two head units. I'm sure you appreciate why I'm not going to go into how the whole lot is connected...</span><br />
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgu7khOYMJHAneyajQ3PfpmPRpbOnYw9At6x3hvEV7x9ImujEcCbQFlRjbWEZxJgyhROPxCXuHhyphenhyphenF4eYv361qIdz1GlS1tjofa17G8ZjmfPZElX8B2bhse-g6Y6SVPVKPSk7ogarZIq-Tr8/s1600/Car+Stereo+&+Security+No52+-+Alberto+A+Lopez++(4a).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="photo of the interior speaker locations of the best sounding van in the world" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgu7khOYMJHAneyajQ3PfpmPRpbOnYw9At6x3hvEV7x9ImujEcCbQFlRjbWEZxJgyhROPxCXuHhyphenhyphenF4eYv361qIdz1GlS1tjofa17G8ZjmfPZElX8B2bhse-g6Y6SVPVKPSk7ogarZIq-Tr8/s1600/Car+Stereo+&+Security+No52+-+Alberto+A+Lopez++(4a).jpg" height="400" title="The rather strange positioning of the Eton drivers is not for looks; the system has been fired up with the amps outside the vehicle and is said to "image like a charm"." width="245" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="color: #b4a7d6;">The rather strange positioning of the <br />Eton drivers is not for looks; the system <br />has been fired up with the amps outside the <br />vehicle and is said to "image like a charm".</span></i></td></tr>
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Although we can't show you a picture of all the head-unit installation because it wasn't quite there at the time of my visit, let me assure you that it's definitely something speacial. In fact, you won't actually be able to see a head unit at all. The display has been custom-made and will go behind a smoked plexi panel in the top of the centre of the completely custom-built dash. Yes, that's correct - there is nothing of the original dashboard left in the vehicle. the one that's there has been built from scratch from 1in MDF which is filled, sanded and trimmed to perfection. Getting back to the head-unit, the display is in the dash but the main player is in the bottom of the centre console - the discs are inserted via a small slot in the driver's side. A custom-made set of controls has been manufactured and built into a stylish armrest in between the seats, giving superb ergonomic experience from the driver's chair. </span><br />
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<b><span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-size: large;">Crankin'</span></b><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9M2NvxfSy9VzO3beNLBGkCtpaa7K7ey-uXeys_42xiczdIpisVvimiXKgW6cPeJXeRTUMzBtokdWca3deZvTCAU_vuR5zeNeqH3YErLSV7IFrmnXzSx1i-K8B_2ktK4aHVp9_pQ4C31yk/s1600/Car+Stereo+&+Security+No52+-+Alberto+A+Lopez++(4d).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9M2NvxfSy9VzO3beNLBGkCtpaa7K7ey-uXeys_42xiczdIpisVvimiXKgW6cPeJXeRTUMzBtokdWca3deZvTCAU_vuR5zeNeqH3YErLSV7IFrmnXzSx1i-K8B_2ktK4aHVp9_pQ4C31yk/s1600/Car+Stereo+&+Security+No52+-+Alberto+A+Lopez++(4d).jpg" height="200" width="130" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="color: #b4a7d6;">For the demo part of the <br />system, Paul reckoned <br />they needed a bit more Hf <br />than the Eton tweeters had <br />to offer. So there are five <br />more in each kick panel.</span></i></td></tr>
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">For real SPL frenzies, you wouldn't actually want to be inside. After all, the old system in the van recorded a score of over 150 at events last year, and the new system i sure to improve on that. So, they're in the process of building a console that'll plug into the van, making the system fully controllable from outside. Talking of control, to ensure that the system has enough power on tap, the regulators for the alternators (capable of producing 500A between them) can sense the voltage of the supply to the audio system or the van's own electrical system depending on what it's required. The actual voltage at which the regulators operate can also be adjusted.</span><br />
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5IGmcvbL-3x7Vhd5_w9vTGqW64GrpYZVDYo178RuRkbvne_3hwtxxpx-C3tU09VKlfa3E2da3BIkGEdWcO8p_AQKHtbbRskUHj3w21kIxzpHlp6afCokWRFeo6cQYGCgeh0WMLtDijsog/s1600/Car+Stereo+&+Security+No52+-+Alberto+A+Lopez++(4c).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="close up picture of the head unit's control panel inside the best sounding van in the world" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5IGmcvbL-3x7Vhd5_w9vTGqW64GrpYZVDYo178RuRkbvne_3hwtxxpx-C3tU09VKlfa3E2da3BIkGEdWcO8p_AQKHtbbRskUHj3w21kIxzpHlp6afCokWRFeo6cQYGCgeh0WMLtDijsog/s1600/Car+Stereo+&+Security+No52+-+Alberto+A+Lopez++(4c).jpg" height="81" title="The custom-made control panel for the head-unit is located in the centre arm rest." width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="color: #b4a7d6;">The custom-made control panel for the <br />head-unit is located in the centre arm rest.</span></i></td></tr>
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<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">All the power form the two alternators runs to the rear of the vehicle (where the amp racks are) via a pair of 1/0 gauge cables and of course the earthing for the engine has been uprated to a similar dimension. Each amplifier has its own battery and each woofer has its own amplifier, connected with 8AWG cable. The signal for the woofer array also passes through a USD pro equaliser and is time-aligned before it gets to the amplifiers. As with all the clear acrylic panels used in the van - and there is an awful lot of them - all of the edges of the baffles between the woofers have been polished by hand to an incredible finish. The hours required to do this really can't be justified but it's superb to see.</span><br />
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<b><span style="color: #b4a7d6; font-size: large;">Sound Quality</span></b><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjN_YPWYDUH4Z6FsWophEu3MywTsuHR4lHmGyMA2eUDCB2XFHhGxOm-2hFW_99_wQ277-rLoiwhf3JPHXUuvRQj4HHeCHRS2DbjF6Q30HzkjV3HNJCqNaA6JEV4xzd3mpYXFp8FbBcenee3/s1600/Car+Stereo+&+Security+No52+-+Alberto+A+Lopez++(4e).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img alt="close up photo of the ETON mids installed in the floor of the best sounding van in the world" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjN_YPWYDUH4Z6FsWophEu3MywTsuHR4lHmGyMA2eUDCB2XFHhGxOm-2hFW_99_wQ277-rLoiwhf3JPHXUuvRQj4HHeCHRS2DbjF6Q30HzkjV3HNJCqNaA6JEV4xzd3mpYXFp8FbBcenee3/s1600/Car+Stereo+&+Security+No52+-+Alberto+A+Lopez++(4e).jpg" height="320" title="As for the apeaker positioning, this is quite radical although I have been reassured by Alberto that it's a proven method of placement. Both the mids and tweeters are mounted into the floor of the vehicle. The mids are mounted into the best piece of plexi shaping that I've seen in a car in the UK. The material was shaped over a die so that an angle mounting for the speaker was formed. This was then machined to within 0.015in so that the speaker would seal perfectly when installed." width="285" /></a></div>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">The sound quality or point of reference system uses the head-unit that's been grafted into the vehicle. The output from the unit can be switched one of two ways - either directly into the two previously mentioned modified Earthquake 1000 BX amplifiers for the listening part of a Sound Off competition or via a pair of USD equalisers for the RTA section. As well as being modified to run in Class A, there are other changes to the amplifiers. Once the correct input gain levels were found, the pots were removed and replaced with fixed-value resisters and all the bass EQ and crossover facilities were removed. It's not the head-unit volume control which i actually used to select the listening levelof the system but a set of high-quality motorised pots placed just before the amplifier in the signal path.</span><br />
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-_SmSF1LjukKWIOSuBe3wnEPUIHM-gN7qXWG-C9uTiL6M4ecwJQJjDoowfmqhhz3aYMcpMF0EFPkZR63Oc0po7joLDJzsKiTW3UGNmcQPpbp4ej8S8hFnPFzRRTPkfQTjbFbwdSDrFadG/s1600/Car+Stereo+&+Security+No52+-+Alberto+A+Lopez++(5a).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="picture of the engine compartment of the best sounding van in the world" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-_SmSF1LjukKWIOSuBe3wnEPUIHM-gN7qXWG-C9uTiL6M4ecwJQJjDoowfmqhhz3aYMcpMF0EFPkZR63Oc0po7joLDJzsKiTW3UGNmcQPpbp4ej8S8hFnPFzRRTPkfQTjbFbwdSDrFadG/s1600/Car+Stereo+&+Security+No52+-+Alberto+A+Lopez++(5a).jpg" height="130" title="Photographing plexi is never an easy task, but I'm sure you can see the perfection of this piece. Beneath it are the two fuses for main power cables and the two alternator regulators. oh - they've even used Zeus fasteners - like with F1 bodywork - to make changing a fuse a quick job." width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Photographing plexi is never an easy task, but I'm sure you <br />can see the perfection of this piece. Beneath it are the two fuses <br />for main power cables and the two alternator regulators. <br />oh - they've even used Zeus fasteners - like with F1 <br />bodywork - to make changing a fuse a quick job.</span></i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">The sound-quality system uses a completely different speaker array from the SPL side. All the speakers (two 8in woofers two 51/4in mids and a pair of 3/4in tweeters) are from the German ETON company, ho manufactures raw drive units for domestic loudspeakers, although there has been some modification of the units to suit this application - such as increasing the cone mass of the woofers.</span><br />
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnrAwXJwPjEJ9UVaGecpSEg5v4XqlHSlVn6j86eMbKgofcgo2fro_10iiTAlGuMATFUovJQEfY4TJWE9kpfsvix9LfYQKkqbtMJY0V7NK-t_ndeRqxTPbjRKNPzeBYDFjZ0rCwrwQyGfJV/s1600/Car+Stereo+&+Security+No52+-+Alberto+A+Lopez++(5b).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="photo of the battery rack of the best sounding van in the world" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnrAwXJwPjEJ9UVaGecpSEg5v4XqlHSlVn6j86eMbKgofcgo2fro_10iiTAlGuMATFUovJQEfY4TJWE9kpfsvix9LfYQKkqbtMJY0V7NK-t_ndeRqxTPbjRKNPzeBYDFjZ0rCwrwQyGfJV/s1600/Car+Stereo+&+Security+No52+-+Alberto+A+Lopez++(5b).jpg" height="320" title="The bus-bars connecting the 16 batteries - one for each sub amplifier - take a hell of a lot of polishing. There's even a stiffening cap for each amplifier as well." width="254" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="color: #b4a7d6;">The bus-bars connecting the 16 batteries - one for <br />each sub amplifier - take a hell of a lot of polishing. <br />There's even a stiffening cap for each amplifier as well.</span></i> </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">As for the apeaker positioning, this is quite radical although I have been reassured by Alberto that it's a proven method of placement. Both the mids and tweeters are mounted into the floor of the vehicle. The mids are mounted into the best piece of plexi shaping that I've seen in a car in the UK. The material was shaped over a die so that an angle mounting for the speaker was formed. This was then machined to within 0.015in so that the speaker would seal perfectly when installed. All the speaker fixings into the plexi are via Allen bolts and proper captive fixings so that a good tight joint can be formed without causing cracks in the acrylic. Behind these drivers is a small enclosure made from many layers of fiberglass; this actually hangs below the original vehicle floor. </span><br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioJGg7Vxw8VsGIz69gvl30l1ZtnJQcminOwJvxwme7XnOc_70BFOHVcebVvKKhmzgRLgnwJ93DDlMl-um4fc8EPdcABmx-zM2rKk20JRjLsoujyuKsek_UJvkitAtBWM8HO1G46olTQ_3o/s1600/Car+Stereo+&+Security+No52+-+Alberto+A+Lopez++(5c).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="picture of the side of the motorized amp racks inside the best sounding van in the world" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioJGg7Vxw8VsGIz69gvl30l1ZtnJQcminOwJvxwme7XnOc_70BFOHVcebVvKKhmzgRLgnwJ93DDlMl-um4fc8EPdcABmx-zM2rKk20JRjLsoujyuKsek_UJvkitAtBWM8HO1G46olTQ_3o/s1600/Car+Stereo+&+Security+No52+-+Alberto+A+Lopez++(5c).jpg" height="320" title="Here are just six of the 16 amps, held in a pair of forced air-cooled motorised amp racks. Even though none of the wiring is going to be on display, it's all been loomed beautifully. " width="198" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Here are just six of the 16 amps, held <br />in a pair of forced air-cooled motorised <br />amp racks. Even though none of the wiring <br />is going to be on display, it's all been <br />loomed beautifully. </span></i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">The tweeters also have one of these tasty-looking enclosures, but they are really there for cosmetic reasons. The two woofers are mounted in the rear section of the centre console using an aperiodic system to "...improve the load seen by the amplifiers and enhance the low-end response". All the speakers in the van have two sets of grilles, the idea being that when either the sound quality or the SPL systems are in use neither will interfere or be damaged by the other. And if you look at the quality of these grilles you just can't be anything but impressed. </span><br />
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiApu3ezaeNc23jLQTaW3i_NNyuAGkQaCwLFYtvvI0LI4cHOdUkJwn4_XUESgMHqcnqMk7SLraIVK6aTaA5_Wjb80AwStM-KbKIjk8jQ-EXvqEsC_VMCOGiQnzov9Me5QKxqoWC4gzlHcV9/s1600/Car+Stereo+&+Security+No52+-+Alberto+A+Lopez++(5d).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="picture of rear door tool kit in the best sounding van in the world" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiApu3ezaeNc23jLQTaW3i_NNyuAGkQaCwLFYtvvI0LI4cHOdUkJwn4_XUESgMHqcnqMk7SLraIVK6aTaA5_Wjb80AwStM-KbKIjk8jQ-EXvqEsC_VMCOGiQnzov9Me5QKxqoWC4gzlHcV9/s1600/Car+Stereo+&+Security+No52+-+Alberto+A+Lopez++(5d).jpg" height="165" title="Even the tool kit on the back door is all Snap-On, well except for the Mag-Lite. I wonder of they'll miss the ratchet screw driver." width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Even the tool kit on the back door is all <br />Snap-On, well except for the Mag-Lite. <br />I wonder of they'll miss the ratchet <br />screw driver.</span></i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="color: #b4a7d6;">I knew that I was going to run out of space with this feature; there is just so much to cover. I haven't even had a chance to talk about the motorisation of the amp racks and the fact that <b>there isn't one original panel in the interior</b> - all of them have been custom-made. Then there's also the metalwork that went into strengthening the van ready to take the system and... You really have to make an effort to see this system when it's finished. The degree of work that's gone into every little detail is absolutely stunning. Nice one CAP!</span><br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2N0Ckilus13klZgIyXag0x7vrmtpmHHkxoIou9X4TauaImUxRAQuObdO8wW0dk51VhYw3umOJ82iwv_e1YousFX3tVBZqEdsIHOQIITgr2q9Xdwt_pOUgfGp81e0uHeDbQxx9sIcu_cZ1/s1600/Car+Stereo+&+Security+No52+-+Alberto+A+Lopez++(1).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Image of British Car Stereo & Security magazine's no. 52 cover." border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2N0Ckilus13klZgIyXag0x7vrmtpmHHkxoIou9X4TauaImUxRAQuObdO8wW0dk51VhYw3umOJ82iwv_e1YousFX3tVBZqEdsIHOQIITgr2q9Xdwt_pOUgfGp81e0uHeDbQxx9sIcu_cZ1/s1600/Car+Stereo+&+Security+No52+-+Alberto+A+Lopez++(1).jpg" height="320" title="I knew that I was going to run out of space with this feature; there is just so much to cover. " width="229" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Car Stereo & Security No. 52 Cover</span></i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGNWuDUTvOEVt1WDiyVHdvQoPkiEcXLJT1D7pTNcwQROhblW8EQrCe65p51ADESQGNBlgQW3NTMjm6G6NDrrzcK5wDjPTzH-1L2u1Hf6yd46D8kDJVHsmS8ZBdQJPJHrFvBMdaARzrKvCw/s1600/Car+Stereo+&+Security+No52+-+Alberto+A+Lopez++(2).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Image of British Car Stereo & Security magazine's no. 52 index page." border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGNWuDUTvOEVt1WDiyVHdvQoPkiEcXLJT1D7pTNcwQROhblW8EQrCe65p51ADESQGNBlgQW3NTMjm6G6NDrrzcK5wDjPTzH-1L2u1Hf6yd46D8kDJVHsmS8ZBdQJPJHrFvBMdaARzrKvCw/s1600/Car+Stereo+&+Security+No52+-+Alberto+A+Lopez++(2).jpg" height="320" title="You really have to make an effort to see this system when it's finished. " width="219" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px;"><span style="color: #b4a7d6;"><i>Car Stereo & Security No. 52 Index Page</i></span></span></td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjb_Nj3fDrOL01uUBZ2F83XvaVLAb5Oi7Q0rg-4OIoq3x15iCUwA6usOefBVHe6sP-ZPTla8e221ip_eo_8BW4wquA-rtK9C0g78L-3ttMiQtT0ZLg9fPWQYJn3GS9r3QAyKUK3u01x6JZO/s1600/Car+Stereo+&+Security+No52+-+Alberto+A+Lopez++(3).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Image of British Car Stereo & Security magazine's Son of Seismic II article - first page" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjb_Nj3fDrOL01uUBZ2F83XvaVLAb5Oi7Q0rg-4OIoq3x15iCUwA6usOefBVHe6sP-ZPTla8e221ip_eo_8BW4wquA-rtK9C0g78L-3ttMiQtT0ZLg9fPWQYJn3GS9r3QAyKUK3u01x6JZO/s1600/Car+Stereo+&+Security+No52+-+Alberto+A+Lopez++(3).jpg" height="219" title="The hours required to do this really can't be justified but it's superb to see." width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px;"><i><span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Car Stereo & Security No. 52 First Pages</span></i></span></td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYDmu-_hcAXdtIBMfYrNIPSl1qJA7Jv8IhybdnnA4uWZtOLcmqpLv6A-K_VSsdvLeztgbkyWLjfw6im4K4wlrzcbCt-m0NDsQPQ4H2Y-b_t1MKdjZeyS4i_XHynoa4P1QGTzKa9wbQnSsP/s1600/Car+Stereo+&+Security+No52+-+Alberto+A+Lopez++(4).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Image of British Car Stereo & Security magazine's Son of Seismic II article - second page" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYDmu-_hcAXdtIBMfYrNIPSl1qJA7Jv8IhybdnnA4uWZtOLcmqpLv6A-K_VSsdvLeztgbkyWLjfw6im4K4wlrzcbCt-m0NDsQPQ4H2Y-b_t1MKdjZeyS4i_XHynoa4P1QGTzKa9wbQnSsP/s1600/Car+Stereo+&+Security+No52+-+Alberto+A+Lopez++(4).jpg" height="320" title="The degree of work that's gone into every little detail is absolutely stunning. " width="230" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px;"><i><span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Car Stereo & Security No. 52 Third Page</span></i></span></td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpytZZh21xUt1l41aekuNi9oL0WN2jJZFgx5gndzBtNSMIVwV9DJl8mECq6mhB-rX5Lt6umJbPg7RZM9G9l3phHwI-fOqeS7439JlBrrTVPjp2Y4iVeXyRwbbNOjpE7nT0zd79jrmuwoDp/s1600/Car+Stereo+&+Security+No52+-+Alberto+A+Lopez++(5).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Image of British Car Stereo & Security magazine's Son of Seismic II article - third page" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpytZZh21xUt1l41aekuNi9oL0WN2jJZFgx5gndzBtNSMIVwV9DJl8mECq6mhB-rX5Lt6umJbPg7RZM9G9l3phHwI-fOqeS7439JlBrrTVPjp2Y4iVeXyRwbbNOjpE7nT0zd79jrmuwoDp/s1600/Car+Stereo+&+Security+No52+-+Alberto+A+Lopez++(5).jpg" height="320" title="I ought to point out that the system isn't totally finished. " width="232" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px;"><i><span style="color: #b4a7d6;">Car Stereo & Security No. 52 Fourth Page</span></i></span></td></tr>
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Also, don't forget to check the past posts on this vehicle:<br />
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://audio2music.blogspot.com/2015/01/car-stereo-security-no-51-get-some.html" target="_blank">Car Stereo & Security No. 51 - Get Some Earth Shaking Bass Poster</a></span></b><br />
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://audio2music.blogspot.com/2014/02/best-sound-in-vehicle-head-unit.html" target="_blank">Best Sound in a Vehicle - Part I - The Head Unit</a></span></b><br />
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://audio2music.blogspot.com/2014/01/best-sound-in-vehicle.html" target="_blank">Best Sound in a Vehicle</a></span></b><br />
<b><a href="http://audio2music.blogspot.com/2014/01/best-sound-in-vehicle.html" target="_blank">Can I brag? How much? Can I brag a lot? Is it bragging if performance is evidenced by the facts and certified by experts?</a></b>albertoalopezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01993782226348320330noreply@blogger.com0Acton, London W3, UK51.5084214 -0.2745505000000321225.986386900000003 -41.583144500000031 77.0304559 41.034043499999967tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5773772622008994113.post-85297282567313288452015-03-14T01:08:00.001-04:002015-03-14T01:22:33.533-04:00Brian Casagrande's incredible CelicaSince I have not had the time to write a worthy article about Brian's car, I felt I should at least post a link to the short video.<br />
Enjoy!<br />
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Completely stealth installation.<br />
All electronics were hot-rodded.<br />
Windshield heads-up display for CD player.<br />
No in-dash head-unit.<br />
Home NAD CD player modified to work in the car and installed in the trunk.<br />
Custom line drivers with external power supplies.<br />
Double 1/3 Octave equalizers.<br />
One 1/3 Octave equalizer for RTA installed in motorized compartment inside the rear seat.<br />
One modified professional 1/3 Octave equalizer for sound quality installed in the trunk.<br />
Hand made 24dB/Oct x-overs with external power supplies and installed in motorized compartment inside the rear seat.<br />
Custom class-A amplifiers installed inside the rear seat.<br />
Rear seat motorized in three different sections.<br />
Aperiodic enclosure hanging from rear deck.<br />
3" voice coil midbass drivers playing down to 20Hz and mounted on the doors.<br />
3" voice coil mids in the kick panels.<br />
Aperiodic tweeter enclosure.<br />
Custom Litz signal and speaker cables.<br />
4/0 awg railway power cables.<br />
<br />albertoalopezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01993782226348320330noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5773772622008994113.post-40157605222280714212015-01-21T17:47:00.000-05:002015-04-08T18:01:59.642-04:00Car Stereo & Security No. 51 - Get Some Earth Shaking Bass Poster<div>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBaRY0flDNGtn7tYr4Whkaofv3Een_rJ6W29W0-JMA-TUGTi1ieaMuccFAJU7jMpZbTzzn8SQ9RVSUcDhFfBqLUeTLHT0BOmC6hc_8UAgEDWZt82wjDVBrBbtfE5jQs5o0vqX_p8H9cjCV/s1600/Car+Stereo+&+Security+No51+-+Alberto+A+Lopez++(1).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBaRY0flDNGtn7tYr4Whkaofv3Een_rJ6W29W0-JMA-TUGTi1ieaMuccFAJU7jMpZbTzzn8SQ9RVSUcDhFfBqLUeTLHT0BOmC6hc_8UAgEDWZt82wjDVBrBbtfE5jQs5o0vqX_p8H9cjCV/s1600/Car+Stereo+&+Security+No51+-+Alberto+A+Lopez++(1).jpg" height="200" width="141" /></a></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">Nothing like building up expectations. The results are binary: you either fail miserably or succeed like no other. </span><div>
In September of 1996, British magazine Car Stereo & Security, previewed the launch of our van by including a poster free to all magazine buyers. As a way to archive the event, I am including the images of both the magazine's cover and the poster. Just forgive the fact that I had to scan the poster in four parts due to its size. As a result, the composite image lacks color continuity. Enjoy!</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCcVBzz_yrUnbtICCs79RNG_hC4g5hEn3ewGGbtbsPp1fUBTm9vmAY6WWq_0vjne8BJ8z-M5oeXFBPwI0O4qIMpKl0bGcKf_oL99dWJh2zb4MyNK1gcjh3WNIXDvJrMNyUBMgLIHku3hSv/s1600/Car+Stereo+&+Security+No51+-+Alberto+A+Lopez++(2).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCcVBzz_yrUnbtICCs79RNG_hC4g5hEn3ewGGbtbsPp1fUBTm9vmAY6WWq_0vjne8BJ8z-M5oeXFBPwI0O4qIMpKl0bGcKf_oL99dWJh2zb4MyNK1gcjh3WNIXDvJrMNyUBMgLIHku3hSv/s1600/Car+Stereo+&+Security+No51+-+Alberto+A+Lopez++(2).jpg" height="640" width="464" /></a></div>
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Don't forget to take a look at the previous posts on this awesome van:</div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://audio2music.blogspot.com/2014/02/best-sound-in-vehicle-head-unit.html" target="_blank">Best Sound in a Vehicle - Part I - The Head Unit</a></span></b><br />
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://audio2music.blogspot.com/2014/01/best-sound-in-vehicle.html" target="_blank">Best Sound in a Vehicle</a></span></b><br />
<b><a href="http://audio2music.blogspot.com/2014/01/best-sound-in-vehicle.html" target="_blank">Can I brag? How much? Can I brag a lot? Is it bragging if performance is evidenced by the facts and certified by experts?</a></b></div>
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albertoalopezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01993782226348320330noreply@blogger.com0Acton, London W3, UK51.5084214 -0.2745505000000321225.986386900000003 -41.583144500000031 77.0304559 41.034043499999967